IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (commonly referred to as IBM) is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation, with corporate headquarters in Armonk, New York. IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware, middleware and software, and offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include №1 company for leaders (Fortune), №1 green company in the United States (Newsweek), №2 best global brand (Interbrand), №2 most respected company (Barron's), №5 most admired company (Fortune), and №18 most innovative company (Fast Company).

IBM (atoms)

IBM in atoms was a demonstration by IBM scientists in 1989 of a technology capable of manipulating individual atoms. A scanning tunneling microscope was used to arrange 35 individual xenon atoms on a substrate of chilled crystal of nickel to spell out the three letter company acronym. It was the first time atoms had been precisely positioned on a flat surface.

On Apr 30, 2013 IBM published an article on its website and a video on YouTube called "A Boy And His Atom: The World's Smallest Movie".

Research

Donald Eigler and Erhard Schweizer of the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California, used a scanning tunneling microscope to position 35 individual xenon atoms on a substrate of chilled crystal of nickel to form the acronym "IBM". They also created chains of xenon atoms similar in form to molecules.

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IBM 2540

The IBM 2540 was a punched-card computer peripheral manufactured by IBM Corporation for use of System/360 and later computer systems. The 2540 was designed by IBM's Data Processing Division in Rochester, Minnesota, and was introduced in 1965. The 2540 could read punched-cards at 1000 cards per minute (CPM) and punch at 300  CPM. The 2540 was based on the design of the older, slightly slower, 1402.

Description

The 2540 attached to a System/360 multiplexer or selector channel through an IBM 2821 Control Unit. A standard 2540 processed standard IBM 80 column punched cards. The card reader (2540R) and card punch (2540P) devices were separately addressable and functioned independently. The 2540 normally read and punched EBCDIC data, called data-mode 1.

Card reader

The right-hand side of the device was the reader, consisting of an input hopper holding approximately 3100 cards, and three output stackers (right to left— R1, R2, and RP3) each holding approximately 1350 cards. Cards could be directed to an output stacker under program control.

1960s

The 1960s was a decade that began on January 1, 1960 and ended on December 31, 1969. The term "1960s" also refers to an era more often called the Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends around the globe. This "cultural decade" is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 and ending around 1974.

Overview

"The Sixties", as they are known in both scholarship and popular culture, is a term used by historians, journalists, and other objective academics; in some cases nostalgically to describe the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling; and in others pejoratively to denounce the decade as one of irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time. Commentator Christopher Booker described this era as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm. He charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. Several Western nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, and West Germany turned to the political left in the early and mid-1960s.

Mormonism in the 20th century

This is a timeline of major events in Mormonism in the 20th century.

1900s

1900

1901

1902

Unité

Unité is a mobile network operator in Moldova. Working in CDMA, UMTS and LTE standards.

General information

Communication standard: Unité has a license to work in CDMA standard on frequency of 450 MHz as well as in UMTS standard on frequencies of 2100 MHz and 900 MHz.

Numbering resources:
Unité network codes are:

Internationally they have the form:

Network code:
For CDMA standard: 259 03, where 259 — Mobile Country Code (MCC) for Moldova, and 03 — Mobile Network Code (MNC) for Unité network.
For UMTS standard: 259 05, where 259 — Mobile Country Code (MCC) for Moldova, and 05 — Mobile Network Code (MNC) for Unité network.

History

Unité began its activity on March 1, 2007 as CDMA operator. On April 1, 2010 Unité launched its own 3.5G network.

Mobile Internet

Unité offers mobile internet services via CDMA standard under the brand of "Connect" with speeds up to 2.4 Mbit/s and via 3.5G under the brand of "3G Connect" with speeds up to 14.4 Mbit/s

Ownership

Moldtelecom is 100% shareholder of the operator.

Military organization

Military organization or military organisation is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer military capability required by the national defense policy. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often mimic military organizations, or use ad hoc structures.

Military organization is hierarchical. The use of formalized ranks in a hierarchical structure came into widespread use with the Roman Army. In modern times, executive control, management and administration of military organization is typically undertaken by the government through a government department within the structure of public administration, often known as a Ministry of Defense, Department of Defense, or Department of War. These in turn manage Armed Services that themselves command combat, combat support and service support formations and units.