Carmofur
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Clinical data | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
Routes of administration |
Oral |
ATC code | L01BC04 (WHO) |
Identifiers | |
Systematic (IUPAC) name: 5-fluoro-N-hexyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidine-1-carboxamide
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Synonyms | 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil |
CAS Number | 61422-45-5 ![]() |
PubChem (CID) | 2577 |
DrugBank | DB09010 ![]() |
ChemSpider | 2479 ![]() |
UNII | HA82M3RAB2 ![]() |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL460499 ![]() |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C11H16FN3O3 |
Molar mass | 257.261 g/mol |
3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
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Carmofur (INN) or HCFU (1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil) is a pyrimidine analogue used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of fluorouracil.
Mechanism of action[edit]
The mechanism of action of carmofur is traditionally thought to be the generation of 5–FU.[1] However, carmofur is a highly potent acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor.[1] Ceramide influences cancer cell survival, growth and death.[1] Inhibition of AC activity sensitizes tumor cells to the effects of antineoplastic agents and radiation.[1]
Uses[edit]
Carmofur, in its oral form, has also been used as adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected colorectal cancer patients. Trials and meta-analyses have confirmed that the drug is effective on patients with this cancer type, extending their survival.[2]
Adverse effects[edit]
As fluorouracil, carmofur has been known to induce leukoencephalopathy.[3][4][5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Realini, Natalia; Solorzano, Carlos; Pagliuca, Chiara; Pizzirani, Daniela; Armirotti, Andrea; Luciani, Rosaria; Paola Costi, Maria; Bandiera, Tiziano; Piomelli, Daniele (8 January 2013). "Discovery of highly potent acid ceramidase inhibitors with in vitro tumor chemosensitizing activity". Scientific Reports. 3 (1035). doi:10.1038/srep01035.
- ^ Sakamoto, J; Hamada, C; Rahman, M; Kodaira, S; Ito, K; Nakazato, H; Ohashi, Y; Yasutomi, M (2005). "An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Adjuvant Therapy with Carmofur in Patients with Curatively Resected Colon Cancer". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (9): 536–544. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi147. PMID 16155120.
- ^ Yamada T, Okamura S, Okazaki T, et al. (June 1989). "Leukoencephalopathy following treatment with carmofur: a case report and review of the Japanese literature". Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 15 (2): 161–8. PMID 2667512.
- ^ Mizutani T (February 2008). "[Leukoencephalopathy caused by antineoplastic drugs]". Brain Nerve (in Japanese). 60 (2): 137–41. PMID 18306661.
- ^ Baehring JM, Fulbright RK (May 2008). "Delayed leukoencephalopathy with stroke-like presentation in chemotherapy recipients". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 79 (5): 535–9. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.123737. PMID 17682013.
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