Collectivity of Saint Martin
Collectivity of Saint Martin Collectivité de Saint-Martin
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Anthem: La Marseillaise Territorial song: O Sweet Saint Martin's Land |
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Location of the Collectivity of St Martin in the Leeward Islands.
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Status | Overseas collectivity | |||||
Capital and largest city |
Marigot | |||||
Official languages | French | |||||
Ethnic groups ([1]) | ||||||
Demonym | St. Martinois | |||||
Sovereign state | France | |||||
Government | Dependent territory | |||||
• | President of France | François Hollande | ||||
• | Prefect | Anne Laubies | ||||
• | President of the Territorial Council |
Aline Hanson (RRR) | ||||
Overseas collectivity of France | ||||||
• | Divided between France and Netherlands | 23 March 1648 | ||||
• | Separate collectivity | 15 July 2007 | ||||
Area | ||||||
• | Total | 53.2 km2 (unranked) 20.5 sq mi |
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• | Water (%) | negligible | ||||
Population | ||||||
• | Jan. 2011 census | 36,286[2] (unranked) | ||||
• | Density | 682/km2 (unranked) 1,767/sq mi |
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Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) | |||||
Time zone | (UTC-4) | |||||
Calling code | +590c | |||||
ISO 3166 code | MF | |||||
Internet TLD | ||||||
a. | French East Asians. | |||||
b. | Assigned but not in use. | |||||
c. | Shared with Guadeloupe and Saint Barthélemy. |
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20161202023739im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/200px-Flag_of_France.svg.png)
Saint Martin (French: Saint-Martin), officially the Collectivity of Saint Martin (Collectivité de Saint-Martin) is an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean. With a population of 36,286 (as of Jan. 2011)[2] on an area of 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi), it encompasses the northern 60% of the divided island of Saint Martin, and some neighbouring islets, the largest of which is Île Tintamarre. The southern 40% of the island of Saint Martin constitute Sint Maarten, since 2010 a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Before 2007, the French part of Saint Martin formed a part of the French overseas région and département of Guadeloupe. Saint Martin is separated from the island of Anguilla by the Anguilla Channel. Its capital is Marigot.
Contents
Politics and government[edit]
Saint Martin was for many years a French commune, forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas région and département of France. In 2003 the population of the French part of the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France.[3] On 9 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both the French part of Saint Martin and (separately) the neighbouring Saint Barthélemy.[4] The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, once the local assemblies were elected,[5] with the second leg of the vote ultimately occurring on 15 July 2007.[6] Saint Martin remains part of the European Union.[7]
The new governance structure befitting an overseas collectivity took effect on 15 July 2007 with the first session of the Territorial Council (French: Conseil territorial) and the election of Louis-Constant Fleming as president of the Territorial Council. On 25 July 2008 Fleming resigned after being sanctioned by the Conseil d'État for one year over problems with his 2007 election campaign.[8] On 7 August, Frantz Gumbs was elected as President of the Territorial Council.[9] However, his election was declared invalid on 10 April 2009 and Daniel Gibbs appointed as Acting President of the Territorial Council on 14 April 2009.[10] Gumbs was reelected on 5 May 2009.[11]
Before 2007, Saint Martin was coded as GP (Guadeloupe) in ISO 3166-1. In October 2007, it received the ISO 3166-1 code MF (alpha-2 code), MAF (alpha-3 code), and 663 (numeric code).[12]
Parties | 1st round | 2nd round | Seats | ||||
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Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
Union for Progress/UMP (Union pour le Progrès, Louis Constant-Fleming) | 2,829 | 40.35 | 3,753 | 48.96 | 16 | ||
Rally Responsibility Success (Rassemblement responsabilité réussite, Alain Richardson) | 2,237 | 31.90 | 3,231 | 42.15 | 6 | ||
Succeed Saint Martin (Réussir Saint-Martin, Jean-Luc Hamlet) | 767 | 10.94 | 681 | 8.89 | 1 | ||
Alliance (Alliance, Dominique Riboud) | 635 | 9.05 | — | — | — | ||
Democratic Alliance for Saint Martin (Alliance démocratique pour Saint-Martin, Wendel Cocks) | 544 | 7.76 | — | — | — | ||
Total | 7,012 | 100.00 | 7,665 | 100.00 | 23 | ||
Source: RFO1, RFO2 |
Coat of arms[edit]
The coat of arms of the French overseas collectivity Saint-Martin features a ship, a palm and a sun, and reads "Collectivité de Saint Martin".[13] The commune that existed until 22 February 2007, used similar arms but with the legend "Ville de Saint Martin".[14][15]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20161202023739im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Saint-Martin_%28fictional%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Saint-Martin_%28fictional%29.svg.png)
Demographics[edit]
The French part of the island has a land area of 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi). A local English-based dialect is spoken in informal situations on both the French and Dutch sides of the island.[17] At the January 2011 French census, the population in the French part of the island was 36,286[2] (up from only 8,072 inhabitants at the 1982 census), which means a population density of 682 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,770/sq mi) in 2011.
During the 1980s, the population more than tripled; at the time, the collectivity was administered as a part of Guadeloupe.
1885 | 1954 | 1961 | 1967 | 1974 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 |
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3,400 | 3,366 | 4,502 | 5,061 | 6,191 | 8,072 | 28,518 | 29,078 | 35,263 | 36,286 |
Official figures from French censuses. |
Economy[edit]
The official currency of Saint Martin is the euro, though the US dollar is also widely accepted. Tourism is the main economic activity.
INSEE estimated that the total GDP of Saint Martin amounted to 421 million euros in 1999 (US$449 million at 1999 exchanges rates; US$599 million at Oct. 2007 exchange rates).[18] In that same year the GDP per capita of Saint Martin was 14,500 euros (US$15,500 at 1999 exchanges rates; US$20,600 at Oct. 2007 exchange rates), which was 39% lower than the average GDP per capita of metropolitan France in 1999.[18] In comparison, the GDP per capita on the Dutch side of the island, Sint Maarten, was 14,430 euros in 2004.[19]
Education[edit]
The collectivity has seven public preschools (maternelles) and seven public elementary schools:[20]
- Preschools: Emile Choisy, Nina Duverly, Eli Gibs, Quartier d'Orléans 1, Sandy Ground, Hervé Williams 1, Hervé Williams 2
- Elementary schools: Grand Case, Eveline Halley, Morne O'Reilly, Quartier d'Orléans 1, Quartier d'Orléans 2, Sandy Ground, Simeone Trott
There are three junior high schools (collège) and one senior high school:[21]
- Junior highs: #1 Des Accords, #2 Soualiaga, #3 Quartier d'Orleans
- Lycée des Îles Nord (senior high/sixth-form)
Maps[edit]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20161202023739im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Guadeloupe1.png/450px-Guadeloupe1.png)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "The World Factbook". cia.gov.
- ^ a b c INSEE, Government of France. "Populations légales 2011 pour les départements et les collectivités d'outre-mer" (in French). Retrieved 2014-01-26.
- ^ Staff reporter (9 December 2003). "French Caribbean voters reject change". Caribbean Net News. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
However voters on the two tiny French dependencies of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, which have been administratively attached to Guadeloupe, approved the referendum and are set to acquire the new status of "overseas collectivity".
- ^ Staff reporter (9 February 2007). "Saint-Barth To Become An Overseas Collectivity" (PDF). St. Barth Weekly. p. 2. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
- ^ NewMedia. "Les élections du futur conseil territorial font débat - Politique - Ixprim News - NewMedia - Newmedia". newmedia-fr.info.
- ^ See J. P. Thiellay, Droit des outre-mers, Paris:Dalloz, 2007.
- ^ "Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 355". Official Journal of the European Union. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Staff reporter (28 July 2008). "Louis-Constant Fleming démissionné par le conseil d'Etat" (in French). fxgpariscaraibe. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
- ^ Staff reporter (8 August 2008). "Frantz Gumbs elected new president of Collectivité". The Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
Frantz Gumbs, formerly president of Union Pour le Progrès (UPP) party, swept into power as new president of the Collectivité at an extraordinary meeting of the Territorial Council on Thursday after winning the 23-councillor vote with a clear majority over Marthe Ogoundélé-Tessi.
- ^ "The Daily Herald - New Domain Redirect". thedailyherald.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009.
- ^ "May 2009". rulers.org.
- ^ ISO 3166-1 Newsletter. Assignment of code elements for Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin and update of France and other French Territories
- ^ "Yahoo! Groups". yahoo.com.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ This "local" variant of the flag is listed as "dubious" at the Flags of the World website.
- ^ Holm (1989) Pidgins and Creoles, vol. 2
- ^ a b INSEE, CEROM. "Estimation du PIB de Saint-Barthélemy et de Saint-Martin" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 13 November 2007.
- ^ Total 2004 GDP of Sint Maarten ([3]) divided by the number of inhabitants in 2004 ("Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2010-10-14.), then converted from Netherlands Antillean gulden to euro by using the 2004 exchange rate.
- ^ "Maternelle et Elémentaire." Collectivity of Saint Martin. Retrieved on September 13, 2016.
- ^ "Collèges et lycée public ." Collectivity of Saint Martin. Retrieved on September 13, 2016.
External links[edit]
- Collectivity of Saint Martin
- Saint Martin
- Caribbean territories or dependencies
- French Caribbean
- Overseas collectivities of France
- Outermost regions of the European Union
- French-speaking countries and territories
- Dependent territories in North America
- Former dependencies of Guadeloupe
- States and territories established in 2007
- 2007 establishments in France
- 2007 establishments in North America