- published: 16 Jul 2014
- views: 3067
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This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013.
This lecture includes:
- the three phases of matter (0:01)
- definition of latent heat (6:25)
- phase transition terminology (12:48)
- a typical phase diagram (15:55)
- triple point and critical point (19:00)
- supercritical fluids (23:32)
- supercritical carbon dioxide video (25:56)
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry
College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a
Curriculum and ChemQuizzes developed by Dr. Mark Kubinec and Professor Alexander Pines
Chemical Demonstrations by Lonnie Martin
Video Production by Jon Schainker and Scott Vento
Developed with the support of The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 2073
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
- published: 22 Jun 2009
- views: 13779
2014 Salam Distinguished Lecturer explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
- published: 03 Feb 2014
- views: 1974
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore how atoms behave during phase transitions, like when a liquid freezes into a solid.
- published: 02 Mar 2015
- views: 1531
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz verliehen! Und zwar für ein richtiges Hardcore-Physik-Thema: Für theoretische Entdeckungen von topologischen Phasenübergängen und topologischer Phasen von Materie.
Ich versuche das jetzt mal ein bisschen runterzubrechen und allgemein verständlich zu erklären, worum es hier geht und warum das die Welt verändern wird.
Hat dir das Video gefallen? Klick auf "Daumen hoch" und schenk mir ein Abo! Dein Feedback motiviert mich zu neuen Videos. Dankeschön :-)
Spannende Physik-Experimente, Anleitungen und Erklärungen findest du jede Woche auf meinem Kanal und in meinem Buch "Phil's Physics" (Philip Häusser, 2016): http://philsphysics.de/bestellen
=== ENGLISH TRANSCRIPT ===
Terms of use: Do not copy this text anywhere else. Link the video instead. Thanks.
Hey folks! You might have heard of it: Today the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded! ... For a real hardcore physics topic: For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases
of matter.
Wow. Probably most of you are like "Thank you, next video please". Let me try to break that down a little bit and give a general explanation for what all this is about and why it will change the world.
Let's start with those fancy terms. What is a phase transition? A phase transition is when a substance suddenly changes its material properties. Most people know the typical example: Water turns into ice when temperature is dropping.
Here, a phase transition happens in the physical state, when I reach a critical temperature, namely the freezing point.
There are also other phase transitions, for example with magnetism. A ferromagnet above a particular temperature is no longer magnetic.
What's special about phase transitions is that one property of a material suddenly changes - like when I heat up my magnet to above its Curie temperature (which is in fact the critical temperature), then - BAM - it's not magnetic anymore.
Phase transitions don't always depend on the temperature, it may also be due to pressure or other quantities.
The three researchers have now shown theoretically: The electrical properties of materials can also undergo such phase transitions. For example, electrical resistance. They showed that it will abruptly change when there is a particular magnetic field applied. So, phase transitions can happen between all possible properties of matter: Solid / liquid, magnetic / non-magnetic or even a good conductor / poor conductor.
For each phase transition there is a critical quantity: temperature, magnetic flow or something else.
Okay, so much for phase transitions. Now, there is a second term: topology. That comes from mathematics. It is about properties of materials, which do not change when an object is squeezed, twisted or otherwise
deformed. What could such a property be for example …? For example, the number of holes in an object.
Thor Hansson from the Nobel committee tried to demonstrate that with a pretzel and a Bagel. The bagel has one hole, the pretzel three. I can tear and squeeze - the number the holes is gonna remain the same. Of course, the winners have mostly not experimented with pretzels, but with very very thin materials. They can undergo phase transitions, too - if the thickness of materials decreases, until only a few layers of atoms sit on one another.
And now, some sort of holes can arise, as you can see here. These are not real holes, but rather vortices in the electromagnetic field. The number and type of holes determine the properties of material.
The researchers used the tools of topology to describe what's going on in such substances. Sort of like we use vectors to use problems with forces. Here, topology is just a convenient
way to describe phenomena.
In their theoretical work, the winners have explained why some materials show unexpected or surprising electrical properties. Because when temperature is very low, such vortex pairs will form. So this is a topological phenomenon. And the vortex pairs have influence on the electric conductivity.
A step towards understanding of superconductivity. This is gonna get really exciting and quite important hen it comes to quantum computing. ts technology is based on fundamental properties of materials - and if we understand them better we might eventually get awesome computers.
By the way: A really exciting story about phase transitions can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tZ2FmC7pWU It is about black ice. The video has been nominated for the Fast Forward Science Award - if you want to support me, please click it and hit "like". Thank you :-)
That was my little Nobel Prize update. The next regular video is coming on Thursday. See you!
- published: 04 Oct 2016
- views: 13098
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University)
Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Information and Computer Science (October 1, 2015)
We investigate topological phases and phase transitions in the framework of tensor network models. We discuss the role of symmetries in this description, and show how it allows to relate topological phases and transitions between them to symmetry broken and symmetry protected phases exhibited by the transfer operator of the system, i.e., at the boundary.
We will also discuss how topological excitations in the 2D bulk and can be understood as domain wall excitations, order parameters, and string order parameters of the symmetry broken or symmetry protected 1D boundary, respectively, and show that this yields a natural holographic picture for topological phase transitions induced by condensation and confinement of anyons.
- published: 06 Oct 2015
- views: 414
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition between solid, liquid and gaseous states that water passes through given some change in temperature, phase transitions are another hallmark of nonlinear systems. In this module we discuss the concept in tandem with its counterpart bifurcation theory.
For full courses, transcriptions and downloads please see:
http://www.complexityacademy.io
Twitter: https://goo.gl/Nu6Qap
Facebook: https://goo.gl/ggxGMT
LinkedIn:https://goo.gl/3v1vwF
Transcription excerpt:
Bifurcations & Phase transitions
As we have previously discussed the qualitative dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems is largely defined by the positive and negative feedback loops that regulate their development, with negative feedback working to dampen down or constrain change to a linear progression, while positive feedback works to amplify change typically in an super-linear fashion.
As opposed to negative feedback where we get a gradual and often stable development over a prolonged period of time, what we might call a normal or equilibrium state of development, positive feedback is characteristic of a system in a state of nonequilibrium. Positive feedback development is fundamentally unsustainable because all systems in reality exist in an environment that will ultimately place a limit on this grown.
From this we can see how the exponential grow enabled by positive feedback loops is what we might say special, it can only exist for a relatively brief period of time, when we look around us we see the vast majority of things are in a stable configuration constrained by some negative feedback loop whether this is the law of gravity, predator prey dynamics or the economic laws of having to get out of bed and go to work every day. These special periods of positive feedback development are characteristic and a key diver of what we call phase transitions.
A phase transition may be defined as some smooth, small change in a quantitative input variable that results in a qualitative change in the system’s state. The transition of ice to steam is one example of a phase transition. At some critical temperature a small change in the systems input temperature value results in a systemic change in the substance after which it is governed by a new set of parameters and properties, for example we can talk about cracking ice but not water, or we can talk about the viscosity of a liquid but not a gas as these are in different phases under different physical regimes and thus we describe them with respect to different parameters.
Another example of a phase transition may be the changes within a colony of bacteria that when we change the heat and nutrient input to the system we change the local interactions between the bacteria and get a new emergent structure to the colony, although this change in input value may only be a linear progression it resulted in a qualitatively different pattern emerging on the macro level of the colony. It is not simply that a new order or structure has emerged but the actual rules that govern the system change and thus we use the word regime and talk about it as a regime shift, as some small changes in a parameter that affected the system on the local level leads to different emergent structures that then feedback to define a different regime that the elements now have to operate under.
Another way of talking about this is in the language of bifurcation theory, whereas with phase transitions we are talking about qualitative changes in the properties of the system, bifurcation theory really talks about how a small change in parameter can causes a topological change in a system’s environment resulting in new attractor states emerging. A bifurcation means a branching, in this case we are talking about a point where the future trajectory of an element in the system divides or branches out, as new attractor states emerge, from this critical point it can go in two different trajectories which are the product of these attractors, each branch represents a trajectory into a new basin of attraction with a new regime and equilibrium.
- published: 13 Apr 2015
- views: 4894
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion.
- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 1049
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY
DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014
VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri
PROGRAM LINK: http://www.icts.res.in/program/asian8
The 8th Asian Winter School on Strings, Particles and Cosmology is part of a series that is being organized annually in turn by Korea, Japan, China and India. The school will be held in Puri, India, as a program of the International Center For Theoretical Sciences, TIFR.
The school is intended to be an advanced one. While String Theory is the primary focus, it also aims to provide a broader perspective emphasising that String theory is a useful framework for the basic questions of Particle physics and Cosmology and for the study of strongly coupled systems. The school is intended to give young researchers in Asia an opportunity to come together and learn about the latest important developments in the field from leading practioners of the subject. Typically the school is attended by advanced students, post-doctoral fellows and also active workers.
- published: 21 Jan 2014
- views: 1427
Phase transition
A phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase or state of matter to another one by heat transfer. The term is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, and, in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium certain properties of the medium change, often discontinuously, as a result of the change of some external condition, such as temperature, pressure, or others. For example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to the boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The measurement of the external conditions at which the transformation occurs is termed the phase transition. Phase transitions are common in nature and used today in many technologies.
Types of phase transition
Examples of phase transitions include:
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Phase_transition
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Subir Sachdev
Subir Sachdev is Herchel Smith Professor of Physics at Harvard University specializing in condensed matter. He is known for his research on quantum phase transitions, and for a textbook on the subject. In particular, he is famous for exploiting a connection between the electronic properties of materials near a quantum phase transition and the quantum theory of black holes.
Career
Sachdev was educated in India before attending MIT and Harvard, where he obtained his Ph.D. degree in theoretical physics. He held professional positions at Bell Labs (1985–1987) and at Yale University (1987–2005), where he was a Professor of Physics, before returning to Harvard. He currently holds visiting positions at various universities.
Juan Maldacena discovered the AdS/CFT correspondence of string theory in 1997. In 2007, Sachdev, along with Christopher Herzog, Pavel Kovtun and Dam Thanh Son first used the AdS/CFT correspondence of string theory to study quantum critical points in condensed matter physics such as the superfluid-insulator transition in the 2+1 dimensional boson Hubbard model. With Sean Hartnoll and Markus Müller, Sachdev developed related methods to apply to "strange metal" phases at generic particle densities. These condensed matter systems share the crucial property of having no quasiparticle excitations, and so their dynamics cannot be described by extensions of the Boltzmann equation ubiquitous in other systems.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Subir_Sachdev
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Phase
Phase or phases may refer to:
In science
In physics
- Phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another
- Mobile phase and Stationary phase in chromatography
- Phase space formulation, a formulation of quantum mechanics in phase space
- Single-phase electric power, distribution of AC electric power in a system where the voltages of the supply vary in unison
-
Three-phase electric power, a common method of AC electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
- Three-phase, the mathematics of three-phase electric power
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Phase
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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34:004. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013. This lecture includes: - the three phases of matter (0:01) - definition of latent heat (6:25) - phase transition terminology (12:48) - a typical phase diagram (15:55) - triple point and critical point (19:00) - supercritical fluids (23:32) - supercritical carbon dioxide video (25:56) -
2:03Phase Transition
Phase TransitionPhase Transition
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a Curriculum and ChemQuizzes developed by Dr. Mark Kubinec and Professor Alexander Pines Chemical Demonstrations by Lonnie Martin Video Production by Jon Schainker and Scott Vento Developed with the support of The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation -
60:42Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in -
5:32Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
2014 Salam Distinguished Lecturer explains "Quantum Phase Transitions" -
1:54Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
Visualizing Atoms During Phase TransitionVisualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore how atoms behave during phase transitions, like when a liquid freezes into a solid. -
4:48Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's PhysicsEinfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz verliehen! Und zwar für ein richtiges Hardcore-Physik-Thema: Für theoretische Entdeckungen von topologischen Phasenübergängen und topologischer Phasen von Materie. Ich versuche das jetzt mal ein bisschen runterzubrechen und allgemein verständlich zu erklären, worum es hier geht und warum das die Welt verändern wird. Hat dir das Video gefallen? Klick auf "Daumen hoch" und schenk mir ein Abo! Dein Feedback motiviert mich zu neuen Videos. Dankeschön :-) Spannende Physik-Experimente, Anleitungen und Erklärungen findest du jede Woche auf meinem Kanal und in meinem Buch "Phil's Physics" (Philip Häusser, 2016): http://philsphysics.de/bestellen === ENGLISH TRANSCRIPT === Terms of use: Do not copy this text anywhere else. Link the video instead. Thanks. Hey folks! You might have heard of it: Today the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded! ... For a real hardcore physics topic: For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. Wow. Probably most of you are like "Thank you, next video please". Let me try to break that down a little bit and give a general explanation for what all this is about and why it will change the world. Let's start with those fancy terms. What is a phase transition? A phase transition is when a substance suddenly changes its material properties. Most people know the typical example: Water turns into ice when temperature is dropping. Here, a phase transition happens in the physical state, when I reach a critical temperature, namely the freezing point. There are also other phase transitions, for example with magnetism. A ferromagnet above a particular temperature is no longer magnetic. What's special about phase transitions is that one property of a material suddenly changes - like when I heat up my magnet to above its Curie temperature (which is in fact the critical temperature), then - BAM - it's not magnetic anymore. Phase transitions don't always depend on the temperature, it may also be due to pressure or other quantities. The three researchers have now shown theoretically: The electrical properties of materials can also undergo such phase transitions. For example, electrical resistance. They showed that it will abruptly change when there is a particular magnetic field applied. So, phase transitions can happen between all possible properties of matter: Solid / liquid, magnetic / non-magnetic or even a good conductor / poor conductor. For each phase transition there is a critical quantity: temperature, magnetic flow or something else. Okay, so much for phase transitions. Now, there is a second term: topology. That comes from mathematics. It is about properties of materials, which do not change when an object is squeezed, twisted or otherwise deformed. What could such a property be for example …? For example, the number of holes in an object. Thor Hansson from the Nobel committee tried to demonstrate that with a pretzel and a Bagel. The bagel has one hole, the pretzel three. I can tear and squeeze - the number the holes is gonna remain the same. Of course, the winners have mostly not experimented with pretzels, but with very very thin materials. They can undergo phase transitions, too - if the thickness of materials decreases, until only a few layers of atoms sit on one another. And now, some sort of holes can arise, as you can see here. These are not real holes, but rather vortices in the electromagnetic field. The number and type of holes determine the properties of material. The researchers used the tools of topology to describe what's going on in such substances. Sort of like we use vectors to use problems with forces. Here, topology is just a convenient way to describe phenomena. In their theoretical work, the winners have explained why some materials show unexpected or surprising electrical properties. Because when temperature is very low, such vortex pairs will form. So this is a topological phenomenon. And the vortex pairs have influence on the electric conductivity. A step towards understanding of superconductivity. This is gonna get really exciting and quite important hen it comes to quantum computing. ts technology is based on fundamental properties of materials - and if we understand them better we might eventually get awesome computers. By the way: A really exciting story about phase transitions can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tZ2FmC7pWU It is about black ice. The video has been nominated for the Fast Forward Science Award - if you want to support me, please click it and hit "like". Thank you :-) That was my little Nobel Prize update. The next regular video is coming on Thursday. See you! -
43:29Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic PerspectiveNorbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University) Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Information and Computer Science (October 1, 2015) We investigate topological phases and phase transitions in the framework of tensor network models. We discuss the role of symmetries in this description, and show how it allows to relate topological phases and transitions between them to symmetry broken and symmetry protected phases exhibited by the transfer operator of the system, i.e., at the boundary. We will also discuss how topological excitations in the 2D bulk and can be understood as domain wall excitations, order parameters, and string order parameters of the symmetry broken or symmetry protected 1D boundary, respectively, and show that this yields a natural holographic picture for topological phase transitions induced by condensation and confinement of anyons. -
6:24Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & BifurcationsNonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition between solid, liquid and gaseous states that water passes through given some change in temperature, phase transitions are another hallmark of nonlinear systems. In this module we discuss the concept in tandem with its counterpart bifurcation theory. For full courses, transcriptions and downloads please see: http://www.complexityacademy.io Twitter: https://goo.gl/Nu6Qap Facebook: https://goo.gl/ggxGMT LinkedIn:https://goo.gl/3v1vwF Transcription excerpt: Bifurcations & Phase transitions As we have previously discussed the qualitative dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems is largely defined by the positive and negative feedback loops that regulate their development, with negative feedback working to dampen down or constrain change to a linear progression, while positive feedback works to amplify change typically in an super-linear fashion. As opposed to negative feedback where we get a gradual and often stable development over a prolonged period of time, what we might call a normal or equilibrium state of development, positive feedback is characteristic of a system in a state of nonequilibrium. Positive feedback development is fundamentally unsustainable because all systems in reality exist in an environment that will ultimately place a limit on this grown. From this we can see how the exponential grow enabled by positive feedback loops is what we might say special, it can only exist for a relatively brief period of time, when we look around us we see the vast majority of things are in a stable configuration constrained by some negative feedback loop whether this is the law of gravity, predator prey dynamics or the economic laws of having to get out of bed and go to work every day. These special periods of positive feedback development are characteristic and a key diver of what we call phase transitions. A phase transition may be defined as some smooth, small change in a quantitative input variable that results in a qualitative change in the system’s state. The transition of ice to steam is one example of a phase transition. At some critical temperature a small change in the systems input temperature value results in a systemic change in the substance after which it is governed by a new set of parameters and properties, for example we can talk about cracking ice but not water, or we can talk about the viscosity of a liquid but not a gas as these are in different phases under different physical regimes and thus we describe them with respect to different parameters. Another example of a phase transition may be the changes within a colony of bacteria that when we change the heat and nutrient input to the system we change the local interactions between the bacteria and get a new emergent structure to the colony, although this change in input value may only be a linear progression it resulted in a qualitatively different pattern emerging on the macro level of the colony. It is not simply that a new order or structure has emerged but the actual rules that govern the system change and thus we use the word regime and talk about it as a regime shift, as some small changes in a parameter that affected the system on the local level leads to different emergent structures that then feedback to define a different regime that the elements now have to operate under. Another way of talking about this is in the language of bifurcation theory, whereas with phase transitions we are talking about qualitative changes in the properties of the system, bifurcation theory really talks about how a small change in parameter can causes a topological change in a system’s environment resulting in new attractor states emerging. A bifurcation means a branching, in this case we are talking about a point where the future trajectory of an element in the system divides or branches out, as new attractor states emerge, from this critical point it can go in two different trajectories which are the product of these attractors, each branch represents a trajectory into a new basin of attraction with a new regime and equilibrium. -
47:17Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase TransitionsLandau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion. -
68:51Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014 VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri PROGRAM LINK: http://www.icts.res.in/program/asian8 The 8th Asian Winter School on Strings, Particles and Cosmology is part of a series that is being organized annually in turn by Korea, Japan, China and India. The school will be held in Puri, India, as a program of the International Center For Theoretical Sciences, TIFR. The school is intended to be an advanced one. While String Theory is the primary focus, it also aims to provide a broader perspective emphasising that String theory is a useful framework for the basic questions of Particle physics and Cosmology and for the study of strongly coupled systems. The school is intended to give young researchers in Asia an opportunity to come together and learn about the latest important developments in the field from leading practioners of the subject. Typically the school is attended by advanced students, post-doctoral fellows and also active workers.
-
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013. This lecture includes: - the three phases of matter (0:01) - definition of latent heat (6:25) - phase transition terminology (12:48) - a typical phase diagram (15:55) - triple point and critical point (19:00) - supercritical fluids (23:32) - supercritical carbon dioxide video (25:56)
published: 16 Jul 2014 -
Phase Transition
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a Curriculum and ChemQuizzes developed by Dr. Mark Kubinec and Professor Alexander Pines Chemical Demonstrations by Lonnie Martin Video Production by Jon Schainker and Scott Vento Developed with the support of The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation
published: 15 Aug 2012 -
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
published: 22 Jun 2009 -
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
2014 Salam Distinguished Lecturer explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
published: 03 Feb 2014 -
Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore how atoms behave during phase transitions, like when a liquid freezes into a solid.
published: 02 Mar 2015 -
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz verliehen! Und zwar für ein richtiges Hardcore-Physik-Thema: Für theoretische Entdeckungen von topologischen Phasenübergängen und topologischer Phasen von Materie. Ich versuche das jetzt mal ein bisschen runterzubrechen und allgemein verständlich zu erklären, worum es hier geht und warum das die Welt verändern wird. Hat dir das Video gefallen? Klick auf "Daumen hoch" und schenk mir ein Abo! Dein Feedback motiviert mich zu neuen Videos. Dankeschön :-) Spannende Physik-Experimente, Anleitungen und Erklärungen findest du jede Woche auf meinem Kanal und in meinem Buch "Phil's Physics" (Philip Häusser, 2016): http://phils...
published: 04 Oct 2016 -
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University) Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Information and Computer Science (October 1, 2015) We investigate topological phases and phase transitions in the framework of tensor network models. We discuss the role of symmetries in this description, and show how it allows to relate topological phases and transitions between them to symmetry broken and symmetry protected phases exhibited by the transfer operator of the system, i.e., at the boundary. We will also discuss how topological excitations in the 2D bulk and can be understood as domain wall excitations, order parameters, and string order parameters of the symmetry broken or symmetry protected 1D boundary, respectively, and...
published: 06 Oct 2015 -
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition between solid, liquid and gaseous states that water passes through given some change in temperature, phase transitions are another hallmark of nonlinear systems. In this module we discuss the concept in tandem with its counterpart bifurcation theory. For full courses, transcriptions and downloads please see: http://www.complexityacademy.io Twitter: https://goo.gl/Nu6Qap Facebook: https://goo.gl/ggxGMT LinkedIn:https://goo.gl/3v1vwF Transcription excerpt: Bifurcations & Phase transitions As we have previously discussed the qualitative dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems is largely defined by the positive and negative feedback l...
published: 13 Apr 2015 -
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion.
published: 20 Jan 2016 -
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014 VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri PROGRAM LINK: http://www.icts.res.in/program/asian8 The 8th Asian Winter School on Strings, Particles and Cosmology is part of a series that is being organized annually in turn by Korea, Japan, China and India. The school will be held in Puri, India, as a program of the International Center For Theoretical Sciences, TIFR. The school is intended to be an advanced one. While String Theory is the primary focus, it also aims to provide a broader perspective emphasising that String theory is a useful framework for the basic questions of Particle physics and Cosmology and for the study of strongly coupled systems. The school is intended to ...
published: 21 Jan 2014
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:00
- Updated: 16 Jul 2014
- views: 3067
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013.
This lecture includes:
- ...
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013.
This lecture includes:
- the three phases of matter (0:01)
- definition of latent heat (6:25)
- phase transition terminology (12:48)
- a typical phase diagram (15:55)
- triple point and critical point (19:00)
- supercritical fluids (23:32)
- supercritical carbon dioxide video (25:56)
https://wn.com/4._Phase_Transitions_Course_In_Thermal_And_Statistical_Physics
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at the Catholic University of Korea in 2013.
This lecture includes:
- the three phases of matter (0:01)
- definition of latent heat (6:25)
- phase transition terminology (12:48)
- a typical phase diagram (15:55)
- triple point and critical point (19:00)
- supercritical fluids (23:32)
- supercritical carbon dioxide video (25:56)
- published: 16 Jul 2014
- views: 3067
Phase Transition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 2073
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry
College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a
Curriculum and ChemQuizzes de...
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry
College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a
Curriculum and ChemQuizzes developed by Dr. Mark Kubinec and Professor Alexander Pines
Chemical Demonstrations by Lonnie Martin
Video Production by Jon Schainker and Scott Vento
Developed with the support of The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation
https://wn.com/Phase_Transition
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry
College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/echem1a
Curriculum and ChemQuizzes developed by Dr. Mark Kubinec and Professor Alexander Pines
Chemical Demonstrations by Lonnie Martin
Video Production by Jon Schainker and Scott Vento
Developed with the support of The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 2073
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:42
- Updated: 22 Jun 2009
- views: 13779
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
https://wn.com/Mod_01_Lec_27_Probability_Distributions_(Concld.)._Phase_Transitions_(Part_1)
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
- published: 22 Jun 2009
- views: 13779
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Updated: 03 Feb 2014
- views: 1974
2014 Salam Distinguished Lecturer explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
- published: 03 Feb 2014
- views: 1974
Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 02 Mar 2015
- views: 1531
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore h...
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore how atoms behave during phase transitions, like when a liquid freezes into a solid.
https://wn.com/Visualizing_Atoms_During_Phase_Transition
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke University, explains how his laboratory uses colloidal particles to explore how atoms behave during phase transitions, like when a liquid freezes into a solid.
- published: 02 Mar 2015
- views: 1531
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 04 Oct 2016
- views: 13098
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michae...
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz verliehen! Und zwar für ein richtiges Hardcore-Physik-Thema: Für theoretische Entdeckungen von topologischen Phasenübergängen und topologischer Phasen von Materie.
Ich versuche das jetzt mal ein bisschen runterzubrechen und allgemein verständlich zu erklären, worum es hier geht und warum das die Welt verändern wird.
Hat dir das Video gefallen? Klick auf "Daumen hoch" und schenk mir ein Abo! Dein Feedback motiviert mich zu neuen Videos. Dankeschön :-)
Spannende Physik-Experimente, Anleitungen und Erklärungen findest du jede Woche auf meinem Kanal und in meinem Buch "Phil's Physics" (Philip Häusser, 2016): http://philsphysics.de/bestellen
=== ENGLISH TRANSCRIPT ===
Terms of use: Do not copy this text anywhere else. Link the video instead. Thanks.
Hey folks! You might have heard of it: Today the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded! ... For a real hardcore physics topic: For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases
of matter.
Wow. Probably most of you are like "Thank you, next video please". Let me try to break that down a little bit and give a general explanation for what all this is about and why it will change the world.
Let's start with those fancy terms. What is a phase transition? A phase transition is when a substance suddenly changes its material properties. Most people know the typical example: Water turns into ice when temperature is dropping.
Here, a phase transition happens in the physical state, when I reach a critical temperature, namely the freezing point.
There are also other phase transitions, for example with magnetism. A ferromagnet above a particular temperature is no longer magnetic.
What's special about phase transitions is that one property of a material suddenly changes - like when I heat up my magnet to above its Curie temperature (which is in fact the critical temperature), then - BAM - it's not magnetic anymore.
Phase transitions don't always depend on the temperature, it may also be due to pressure or other quantities.
The three researchers have now shown theoretically: The electrical properties of materials can also undergo such phase transitions. For example, electrical resistance. They showed that it will abruptly change when there is a particular magnetic field applied. So, phase transitions can happen between all possible properties of matter: Solid / liquid, magnetic / non-magnetic or even a good conductor / poor conductor.
For each phase transition there is a critical quantity: temperature, magnetic flow or something else.
Okay, so much for phase transitions. Now, there is a second term: topology. That comes from mathematics. It is about properties of materials, which do not change when an object is squeezed, twisted or otherwise
deformed. What could such a property be for example …? For example, the number of holes in an object.
Thor Hansson from the Nobel committee tried to demonstrate that with a pretzel and a Bagel. The bagel has one hole, the pretzel three. I can tear and squeeze - the number the holes is gonna remain the same. Of course, the winners have mostly not experimented with pretzels, but with very very thin materials. They can undergo phase transitions, too - if the thickness of materials decreases, until only a few layers of atoms sit on one another.
And now, some sort of holes can arise, as you can see here. These are not real holes, but rather vortices in the electromagnetic field. The number and type of holes determine the properties of material.
The researchers used the tools of topology to describe what's going on in such substances. Sort of like we use vectors to use problems with forces. Here, topology is just a convenient
way to describe phenomena.
In their theoretical work, the winners have explained why some materials show unexpected or surprising electrical properties. Because when temperature is very low, such vortex pairs will form. So this is a topological phenomenon. And the vortex pairs have influence on the electric conductivity.
A step towards understanding of superconductivity. This is gonna get really exciting and quite important hen it comes to quantum computing. ts technology is based on fundamental properties of materials - and if we understand them better we might eventually get awesome computers.
By the way: A really exciting story about phase transitions can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tZ2FmC7pWU It is about black ice. The video has been nominated for the Fast Forward Science Award - if you want to support me, please click it and hit "like". Thank you :-)
That was my little Nobel Prize update. The next regular video is coming on Thursday. See you!
https://wn.com/Einfach_Erklärt_Physik_Nobelpreis_2016_Topologische_Phasenübergänge_Extra_|_Phil's_Physics
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 an die Quantenforscher David Thouless, Duncan Haldane und Michael Kosterlitz verliehen! Und zwar für ein richtiges Hardcore-Physik-Thema: Für theoretische Entdeckungen von topologischen Phasenübergängen und topologischer Phasen von Materie.
Ich versuche das jetzt mal ein bisschen runterzubrechen und allgemein verständlich zu erklären, worum es hier geht und warum das die Welt verändern wird.
Hat dir das Video gefallen? Klick auf "Daumen hoch" und schenk mir ein Abo! Dein Feedback motiviert mich zu neuen Videos. Dankeschön :-)
Spannende Physik-Experimente, Anleitungen und Erklärungen findest du jede Woche auf meinem Kanal und in meinem Buch "Phil's Physics" (Philip Häusser, 2016): http://philsphysics.de/bestellen
=== ENGLISH TRANSCRIPT ===
Terms of use: Do not copy this text anywhere else. Link the video instead. Thanks.
Hey folks! You might have heard of it: Today the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded! ... For a real hardcore physics topic: For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases
of matter.
Wow. Probably most of you are like "Thank you, next video please". Let me try to break that down a little bit and give a general explanation for what all this is about and why it will change the world.
Let's start with those fancy terms. What is a phase transition? A phase transition is when a substance suddenly changes its material properties. Most people know the typical example: Water turns into ice when temperature is dropping.
Here, a phase transition happens in the physical state, when I reach a critical temperature, namely the freezing point.
There are also other phase transitions, for example with magnetism. A ferromagnet above a particular temperature is no longer magnetic.
What's special about phase transitions is that one property of a material suddenly changes - like when I heat up my magnet to above its Curie temperature (which is in fact the critical temperature), then - BAM - it's not magnetic anymore.
Phase transitions don't always depend on the temperature, it may also be due to pressure or other quantities.
The three researchers have now shown theoretically: The electrical properties of materials can also undergo such phase transitions. For example, electrical resistance. They showed that it will abruptly change when there is a particular magnetic field applied. So, phase transitions can happen between all possible properties of matter: Solid / liquid, magnetic / non-magnetic or even a good conductor / poor conductor.
For each phase transition there is a critical quantity: temperature, magnetic flow or something else.
Okay, so much for phase transitions. Now, there is a second term: topology. That comes from mathematics. It is about properties of materials, which do not change when an object is squeezed, twisted or otherwise
deformed. What could such a property be for example …? For example, the number of holes in an object.
Thor Hansson from the Nobel committee tried to demonstrate that with a pretzel and a Bagel. The bagel has one hole, the pretzel three. I can tear and squeeze - the number the holes is gonna remain the same. Of course, the winners have mostly not experimented with pretzels, but with very very thin materials. They can undergo phase transitions, too - if the thickness of materials decreases, until only a few layers of atoms sit on one another.
And now, some sort of holes can arise, as you can see here. These are not real holes, but rather vortices in the electromagnetic field. The number and type of holes determine the properties of material.
The researchers used the tools of topology to describe what's going on in such substances. Sort of like we use vectors to use problems with forces. Here, topology is just a convenient
way to describe phenomena.
In their theoretical work, the winners have explained why some materials show unexpected or surprising electrical properties. Because when temperature is very low, such vortex pairs will form. So this is a topological phenomenon. And the vortex pairs have influence on the electric conductivity.
A step towards understanding of superconductivity. This is gonna get really exciting and quite important hen it comes to quantum computing. ts technology is based on fundamental properties of materials - and if we understand them better we might eventually get awesome computers.
By the way: A really exciting story about phase transitions can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tZ2FmC7pWU It is about black ice. The video has been nominated for the Fast Forward Science Award - if you want to support me, please click it and hit "like". Thank you :-)
That was my little Nobel Prize update. The next regular video is coming on Thursday. See you!
- published: 04 Oct 2016
- views: 13098
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:29
- Updated: 06 Oct 2015
- views: 414
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University)
Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Inform...
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University)
Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Information and Computer Science (October 1, 2015)
We investigate topological phases and phase transitions in the framework of tensor network models. We discuss the role of symmetries in this description, and show how it allows to relate topological phases and transitions between them to symmetry broken and symmetry protected phases exhibited by the transfer operator of the system, i.e., at the boundary.
We will also discuss how topological excitations in the 2D bulk and can be understood as domain wall excitations, order parameters, and string order parameters of the symmetry broken or symmetry protected 1D boundary, respectively, and show that this yields a natural holographic picture for topological phase transitions induced by condensation and confinement of anyons.
https://wn.com/Norbert_Schuch_Topological_Phase_Transitions_In_Tensor_Networks_A_Holographic_Perspective
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University)
Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
QuICS Workshop on the Frontiers of Quantum Information and Computer Science (October 1, 2015)
We investigate topological phases and phase transitions in the framework of tensor network models. We discuss the role of symmetries in this description, and show how it allows to relate topological phases and transitions between them to symmetry broken and symmetry protected phases exhibited by the transfer operator of the system, i.e., at the boundary.
We will also discuss how topological excitations in the 2D bulk and can be understood as domain wall excitations, order parameters, and string order parameters of the symmetry broken or symmetry protected 1D boundary, respectively, and show that this yields a natural holographic picture for topological phase transitions induced by condensation and confinement of anyons.
- published: 06 Oct 2015
- views: 414
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:24
- Updated: 13 Apr 2015
- views: 4894
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition...
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition between solid, liquid and gaseous states that water passes through given some change in temperature, phase transitions are another hallmark of nonlinear systems. In this module we discuss the concept in tandem with its counterpart bifurcation theory.
For full courses, transcriptions and downloads please see:
http://www.complexityacademy.io
Twitter: https://goo.gl/Nu6Qap
Facebook: https://goo.gl/ggxGMT
LinkedIn:https://goo.gl/3v1vwF
Transcription excerpt:
Bifurcations & Phase transitions
As we have previously discussed the qualitative dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems is largely defined by the positive and negative feedback loops that regulate their development, with negative feedback working to dampen down or constrain change to a linear progression, while positive feedback works to amplify change typically in an super-linear fashion.
As opposed to negative feedback where we get a gradual and often stable development over a prolonged period of time, what we might call a normal or equilibrium state of development, positive feedback is characteristic of a system in a state of nonequilibrium. Positive feedback development is fundamentally unsustainable because all systems in reality exist in an environment that will ultimately place a limit on this grown.
From this we can see how the exponential grow enabled by positive feedback loops is what we might say special, it can only exist for a relatively brief period of time, when we look around us we see the vast majority of things are in a stable configuration constrained by some negative feedback loop whether this is the law of gravity, predator prey dynamics or the economic laws of having to get out of bed and go to work every day. These special periods of positive feedback development are characteristic and a key diver of what we call phase transitions.
A phase transition may be defined as some smooth, small change in a quantitative input variable that results in a qualitative change in the system’s state. The transition of ice to steam is one example of a phase transition. At some critical temperature a small change in the systems input temperature value results in a systemic change in the substance after which it is governed by a new set of parameters and properties, for example we can talk about cracking ice but not water, or we can talk about the viscosity of a liquid but not a gas as these are in different phases under different physical regimes and thus we describe them with respect to different parameters.
Another example of a phase transition may be the changes within a colony of bacteria that when we change the heat and nutrient input to the system we change the local interactions between the bacteria and get a new emergent structure to the colony, although this change in input value may only be a linear progression it resulted in a qualitatively different pattern emerging on the macro level of the colony. It is not simply that a new order or structure has emerged but the actual rules that govern the system change and thus we use the word regime and talk about it as a regime shift, as some small changes in a parameter that affected the system on the local level leads to different emergent structures that then feedback to define a different regime that the elements now have to operate under.
Another way of talking about this is in the language of bifurcation theory, whereas with phase transitions we are talking about qualitative changes in the properties of the system, bifurcation theory really talks about how a small change in parameter can causes a topological change in a system’s environment resulting in new attractor states emerging. A bifurcation means a branching, in this case we are talking about a point where the future trajectory of an element in the system divides or branches out, as new attractor states emerge, from this critical point it can go in two different trajectories which are the product of these attractors, each branch represents a trajectory into a new basin of attraction with a new regime and equilibrium.
https://wn.com/Nonlinear_Systems_11_Phase_Transitions_Bifurcations
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a period of rapid change. The classical example of this is the transition between solid, liquid and gaseous states that water passes through given some change in temperature, phase transitions are another hallmark of nonlinear systems. In this module we discuss the concept in tandem with its counterpart bifurcation theory.
For full courses, transcriptions and downloads please see:
http://www.complexityacademy.io
Twitter: https://goo.gl/Nu6Qap
Facebook: https://goo.gl/ggxGMT
LinkedIn:https://goo.gl/3v1vwF
Transcription excerpt:
Bifurcations & Phase transitions
As we have previously discussed the qualitative dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems is largely defined by the positive and negative feedback loops that regulate their development, with negative feedback working to dampen down or constrain change to a linear progression, while positive feedback works to amplify change typically in an super-linear fashion.
As opposed to negative feedback where we get a gradual and often stable development over a prolonged period of time, what we might call a normal or equilibrium state of development, positive feedback is characteristic of a system in a state of nonequilibrium. Positive feedback development is fundamentally unsustainable because all systems in reality exist in an environment that will ultimately place a limit on this grown.
From this we can see how the exponential grow enabled by positive feedback loops is what we might say special, it can only exist for a relatively brief period of time, when we look around us we see the vast majority of things are in a stable configuration constrained by some negative feedback loop whether this is the law of gravity, predator prey dynamics or the economic laws of having to get out of bed and go to work every day. These special periods of positive feedback development are characteristic and a key diver of what we call phase transitions.
A phase transition may be defined as some smooth, small change in a quantitative input variable that results in a qualitative change in the system’s state. The transition of ice to steam is one example of a phase transition. At some critical temperature a small change in the systems input temperature value results in a systemic change in the substance after which it is governed by a new set of parameters and properties, for example we can talk about cracking ice but not water, or we can talk about the viscosity of a liquid but not a gas as these are in different phases under different physical regimes and thus we describe them with respect to different parameters.
Another example of a phase transition may be the changes within a colony of bacteria that when we change the heat and nutrient input to the system we change the local interactions between the bacteria and get a new emergent structure to the colony, although this change in input value may only be a linear progression it resulted in a qualitatively different pattern emerging on the macro level of the colony. It is not simply that a new order or structure has emerged but the actual rules that govern the system change and thus we use the word regime and talk about it as a regime shift, as some small changes in a parameter that affected the system on the local level leads to different emergent structures that then feedback to define a different regime that the elements now have to operate under.
Another way of talking about this is in the language of bifurcation theory, whereas with phase transitions we are talking about qualitative changes in the properties of the system, bifurcation theory really talks about how a small change in parameter can causes a topological change in a system’s environment resulting in new attractor states emerging. A bifurcation means a branching, in this case we are talking about a point where the future trajectory of an element in the system divides or branches out, as new attractor states emerge, from this critical point it can go in two different trajectories which are the product of these attractors, each branch represents a trajectory into a new basin of attraction with a new regime and equilibrium.
- published: 13 Apr 2015
- views: 4894
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:17
- Updated: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 1049
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion.
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion.
https://wn.com/Landau_Ginzburg_Theory_Of_Phase_Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion.
- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 1049
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:51
- Updated: 21 Jan 2014
- views: 1427
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY
DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014
VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri
PROG...
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY
DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014
VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri
PROGRAM LINK: http://www.icts.res.in/program/asian8
The 8th Asian Winter School on Strings, Particles and Cosmology is part of a series that is being organized annually in turn by Korea, Japan, China and India. The school will be held in Puri, India, as a program of the International Center For Theoretical Sciences, TIFR.
The school is intended to be an advanced one. While String Theory is the primary focus, it also aims to provide a broader perspective emphasising that String theory is a useful framework for the basic questions of Particle physics and Cosmology and for the study of strongly coupled systems. The school is intended to give young researchers in Asia an opportunity to come together and learn about the latest important developments in the field from leading practioners of the subject. Typically the school is attended by advanced students, post-doctoral fellows and also active workers.
https://wn.com/Subir_Sachdev_Quantum_Phase_Transitions_In_Condensed_Matter_(1)
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY
DATES: Thursday 09 Jan, 2014 - Saturday 18 Jan, 2014
VENUE: Blue Lily Hotel, Puri
PROGRAM LINK: http://www.icts.res.in/program/asian8
The 8th Asian Winter School on Strings, Particles and Cosmology is part of a series that is being organized annually in turn by Korea, Japan, China and India. The school will be held in Puri, India, as a program of the International Center For Theoretical Sciences, TIFR.
The school is intended to be an advanced one. While String Theory is the primary focus, it also aims to provide a broader perspective emphasising that String theory is a useful framework for the basic questions of Particle physics and Cosmology and for the study of strongly coupled systems. The school is intended to give young researchers in Asia an opportunity to come together and learn about the latest important developments in the field from leading practioners of the subject. Typically the school is attended by advanced students, post-doctoral fellows and also active workers.
- published: 21 Jan 2014
- views: 1427
-
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
published: 30 Aug 2016 -
Disorder protein phase transition
published: 06 Feb 2016 -
-
Liquid Crystals Phase Transition
published: 25 Feb 2014 -
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
published: 14 Dec 2016 -
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
published: 03 Sep 2016 -
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
published: 07 Sep 2016 -
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
published: 12 Sep 2016 -
Phase Transitions Primers in Complex Systems
published: 24 Oct 2016 -
The Physics of Phase Transitions Concepts and Applications
published: 01 Dec 2016
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 30 Aug 2016
- views: 3
- published: 30 Aug 2016
- views: 3
Disorder protein phase transition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 06 Feb 2016
- views: 43
- published: 06 Feb 2016
- views: 43
Trailer Presentación
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 12 Jan 2016
- views: 31
Liquid Crystals Phase Transition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 25 Feb 2014
- views: 251
- published: 25 Feb 2014
- views: 251
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 14 Dec 2016
- views: 55
- published: 14 Dec 2016
- views: 55
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 03 Sep 2016
- views: 0
- published: 03 Sep 2016
- views: 0
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:53
- Updated: 07 Sep 2016
- views: 11
- published: 07 Sep 2016
- views: 11
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:18
- Updated: 12 Sep 2016
- views: 99
- published: 12 Sep 2016
- views: 99
Phase Transitions Primers in Complex Systems
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 24 Oct 2016
- views: 60
- published: 24 Oct 2016
- views: 60
The Physics of Phase Transitions Concepts and Applications
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 01 Dec 2016
- views: 2
- published: 01 Dec 2016
- views: 2
-
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition
published: 21 Apr 2016 -
First Phase Transition 5 22 16
published: 23 May 2016 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
published: 02 Apr 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
published: 27 Mar 2014 -
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 1/4/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29:02
- Updated: 21 Apr 2016
- views: 12
- published: 21 Apr 2016
- views: 12
First Phase Transition 5 22 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:18
- Updated: 23 May 2016
- views: 5
- published: 23 May 2016
- views: 5
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 56
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 56
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 86
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 86
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 32
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 32
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 118
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 118
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 106
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 106
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 02 Apr 2014
- views: 93
- published: 02 Apr 2014
- views: 93
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 27 Mar 2014
- views: 51
- published: 27 Mar 2014
- views: 51
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 1/4/2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45:00
- Updated: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 519
- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 519
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34:00
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
This is a video of part of a lecture course in thermal and statistical physics I taught at...
published: 16 Jul 2014
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
4. Phase Transitions -- Course in Thermal and Statistical Physics
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- published: 16 Jul 2014
- views: 3067
2:03
Phase Transition
eCHEM 1A: Online General Chemistry
College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkele...
published: 15 Aug 2012
Phase Transition
Phase Transition
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- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 2073
60:42
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
Lecture Series on Classical Physics by Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Department of Physics, IIT Mad...
published: 22 Jun 2009
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
Mod-01 Lec-27 Probability distributions (concld.). Phase transitions (Part 1)
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- published: 22 Jun 2009
- views: 13779
5:32
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
2014 Salam Distinguished Lecturer explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
published: 03 Feb 2014
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
Subir Sachdev explains "Quantum Phase Transitions"
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- published: 03 Feb 2014
- views: 1974
1:54
Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
Benjamin Yellen, professor of materials science and mechanical engineering at Duke Univers...
published: 02 Mar 2015
Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
Visualizing Atoms During Phase Transition
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- published: 02 Mar 2015
- views: 1531
4:48
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
Hey Leute! Wahrscheinlich habt ihr es schon mitbekommen: Heute wurde der Physik-Nobelpreis...
published: 04 Oct 2016
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
Einfach erklärt: Physik-Nobelpreis 2016 - Topologische Phasenübergänge [EXTRA] | Phil's Physics
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- published: 04 Oct 2016
- views: 13098
43:29
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
Norbert Schuch (Aachen University)
Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Hol...
published: 06 Oct 2015
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
Norbert Schuch: Topological Phase Transitions in Tensor Networks: A Holographic Perspective
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- published: 06 Oct 2015
- views: 414
6:24
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
A phase transition is the transformation of a system from one state to another through a p...
published: 13 Apr 2015
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
Nonlinear Systems: 11 Phase Transitions & Bifurcations
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- published: 13 Apr 2015
- views: 4894
47:17
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory is introduced. Special attention is given to the Ginzburg criterion...
published: 20 Jan 2016
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
Landau Ginzburg theory of Phase Transitions
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- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 1049
68:51
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
PROGRAM: THE 8TH ASIAN WINTER SCHOOL ON STRINGS, PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY
DATES: Thursday 0...
published: 21 Jan 2014
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
Subir Sachdev - Quantum phase transitions in condensed matter (1)
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- published: 21 Jan 2014
- views: 1427
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0:16
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
published: 30 Aug 2016
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
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- published: 30 Aug 2016
- views: 3
0:30
Disorder protein phase transition
published: 06 Feb 2016
Disorder protein phase transition
Disorder protein phase transition
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- published: 06 Feb 2016
- views: 43
0:46
Trailer Presentación
Phase Transition
published: 12 Jan 2016
Trailer Presentación
3:07
Liquid Crystals Phase Transition
published: 25 Feb 2014
Liquid Crystals Phase Transition
Liquid Crystals Phase Transition
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- published: 25 Feb 2014
- views: 251
0:16
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
published: 14 Dec 2016
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
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- published: 14 Dec 2016
- views: 55
0:16
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
published: 03 Sep 2016
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
Evolution of Phase Transitions A Continuum Theory
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17:53
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
published: 07 Sep 2016
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
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18:18
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
published: 12 Sep 2016
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
Unit 3 Phase Transitions and Diagrams
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- published: 12 Sep 2016
- views: 99
0:16
Phase Transitions Primers in Complex Systems
published: 24 Oct 2016
Phase Transitions Primers in Complex Systems
Phase Transitions Primers in Complex Systems
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- published: 24 Oct 2016
- views: 60
0:16
The Physics of Phase Transitions Concepts and Applications
published: 01 Dec 2016
The Physics of Phase Transitions Concepts and Applications
The Physics of Phase Transitions Concepts and Applications
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- published: 01 Dec 2016
- views: 2
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1:29:02
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition
published: 21 Apr 2016
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition
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- published: 21 Apr 2016
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32:18
First Phase Transition 5 22 16
published: 23 May 2016
First Phase Transition 5 22 16
First Phase Transition 5 22 16
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- published: 23 May 2016
- views: 5
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 56
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 86
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 32
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
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1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 106
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
published: 02 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
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- published: 02 Apr 2014
- views: 93
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
published: 27 Mar 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/3/2014
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- published: 27 Mar 2014
- views: 51
1:45:00
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 1/4/2014
published: 01 Apr 2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 1/4/2014
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 1/4/2014
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- published: 01 Apr 2014
- views: 519
Caltech ph12c lecture15 phase transition...
First Phase Transition 5 22 16...
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/2/2014...
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 25/2/2014...
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 4/3/2014...
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 11/3/2014...
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena 18/3/2014...
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What If Donald Trump Proves To Be Right About Making America Safe And Great?
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Feb 2017
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas DarlingFrom comparing President Donald Trump to Adolf Hitler and a Fascist dictator to calling him a pathological liar, not to mention being accused of possibly spreading a deadly flesh-eating bacteria, it seems America’s new president just can’t get a break from Never Trumpers and political opponents ... In other words, they believe there can never be liberty without security ... 3 www.ynetnews.com ... ....
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Steve Bannon: 'We're Going to War in the South China Sea ... No Doubt'
Edit Alternet 02 Feb 2017
Only months ago Donald Trump’s chief strategist predicted military involvement in east Asia and the Middle East in Breitbart radio shows. The United States and China will fight a war within the next 10 years over islands in the South China Sea, and “there’s no doubt about that”. At the same time, the US will be in another “major” war in the Middle East ... In the first weeks of Trump’s presidency, Bannon has emerged as a central figure....
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Wife TV Clip Poses New Problems For French President François Fillon
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Feb 2017
François Fillon, the embattled French presidential candidate, was fighting to keep his candidacy alive after previously unreleased excerpts from a television interview involving his wife Penelope talking to a journalist in 2007 were aired, Agence-FrancePresse reported.Fillon is under investigation following allegations Penelope Fillon was involved in an alleged no-show job working as a parliamentary aide for her husband....
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Democrats face their powerlessness
Edit CNN 02 Feb 2017
(CNN)Democrats are spending the opening weeks of the Trump administration trying to flex their muscle any way they can -- boycotting confirmation hearings, refusing to work with Republicans on Obamacare and pondering a filibuster of President Donald Trump's Supreme Court pick. But as Democrats throw every procedural hurdle they can think of at Trump, they're facing a bleak reality. they have virtually no power in Washington ... Read More ... ....
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[UPDATE]: Delaware Correction Employee Dead After Hostage Situation Ended at Prison
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Feb 2017
The hostage situation at a Delaware prison ended early Thursday morning with a Department of Correction employee dead and Delaware State Police ending the standoff by storming the building, ABC News reported. The standoff inside the James T. Vaughn Correctional Center in Smyrna ended shortly after 5 a.m. EST when state police breached C Building, where the hostage situation had gone on for nearly 24 hours, the report said....
Quantum phase transition observed for the first time
Edit PhysOrg (NewsDB Live) 02 Feb 2017
A group of scientists led by Johannes Fink from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) reported the first experimental observation of a first-order phase transition in a dissipative quantum system. Phase transitions include such phenomena as the freezing of water at the critical temperature of 0 degrees Celsius....
Union Budget 2017: Phasing out of FIPB will cut a layer of red tape
Edit Financial Express 02 Feb 2017UP Polls: Filing of nominations for fifth phase begins
Edit DNA India 02 Feb 2017
Lucknow, Feb 2 (PIT) Filing of nominations for the fifth phase of polling in Uttar Pradesh started this morning with the issuance of notification for 52 seats spread across 11 districts including Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi's parliamentary constituency Amethi....
Ballpark Village Phase II Developer Ask County Residents Desires
Edit CBS Sports 02 Feb 2017
We already know the Cardinals’ $220 million plans for phase II of Ballpark Village, which is said to be ‘more than five times the scale of the first phase.’ ... Ballpark Village phase two is also expected to include office space, a hotel and a ‘marketplace.’ ... The Cardinals plan to begin construction on phase two during the second half of 2017. Some areas could open in 2018 ... ....
Movement Adds Richie Hawtin, TestPilot, Carl Craig & More in Phase 2 Lineup
Edit Billboard 02 Feb 2017
With headliners including Carl Cox, The Belleville Three, Adam Beyer and more, it was already sure to be a big year, but the celebrated fest's phase two lineup wants to kick things up a big notch ... The full phase two announcement also includes Juicy J, Carl Craigpresents Versus Synthesizer Ensemble, and more....
Blue-phase liquid crystal opens door to 1,500 DPI displays
Edit PC Gamer 02 Feb 2017
Researchers have developed a new type of blue-phase liquid crystal that could allow for computers monitors, televisions, and other displays to cram significantly more pixels into the same space while using less power than what's needed to run today's displays, The Optical Society reports ... The idea of a blue-phase LCD is not a new one ... blue-phase liquid crystal....
BRIEF-TaiwanJ Pharmaceuticals starts Phase 2 clinical study on Autoimmune Hepatitis
Edit Reuters 02 Feb 2017
* Says it began JKB-122 Phase 2 clinical study on Autoimmune Hepatitis, an orphan disease, in late January and the study is expected to last for 16 weeks ....
Total starts development of South Pars phase 11
Edit Irna 02 Feb 2017
Tehran, Feb 2, IRNA - Deputy Head of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) for Engineering and Development Affairs, Gholam-Reza Manouchehri, says Total, the oil and gas corporation in France, has practically started works for development of the phase 11 of the South Pars Gas Field ... ....
Aviragen Therapeutics Announces Top-Line Results from Phase 2a RSV Challenge Study of BTA585
Edit Pharmiweb 02 Feb 2017BRIEF-Nabriva Therapeutics anticipate topline data from phase 3 trials in second half of 2017
Edit Reuters 02 Feb 2017
* Nabriva therapeutics confirms no sample size adjustment required for leap 1 phase 3 trial of lefamulin in community acquired bacterial pneumonia ....
BRIEF-Cytomx announces the first patient treated in phase 1/2 proclaim-072 trial
Edit Reuters 02 Feb 2017
* Cytomx announces the first patient treated in phase 1/2 proclaim-072 trial Source text for Eikon. Further company coverage. ....
Budget 2017: Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme to be phased out
Edit Zeenews 02 Feb 2017
Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme (RGESS), under which tax benefits of up to Rs 25,000 for small investors in equities have been proposed to be phased out, seems to have had limited takers with more than 4,500 accounts having no investments at all ... ....
Transgender teenager sues former school that told him it was 'just a phase'
Edit The Independent 02 Feb 2017
... told him his wish to be male was a “phase” and that he was “attention seeking”....
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