Closing credits

Closing credits or end credits are added at the very ending of a motion picture, television program, or video game to list the cast and crew involved in the production. They usually appear as a list of names in small type, which either flip very quickly from page to page, or move smoothly across the background or a black screen. Credits may crawl either right-to-left (which is common in U.K. and some Latin American television programs) or bottom-to-top (which is common in films and U.S. television). The term credit roll comes from the early production days when the names were literally printed on a roll of paper and wound past the camera lens. Sometimes, post-credits scenes or bloopers are added to the end of films along with the closing credits.

History

The use of closing credits in film to list complete production crew and cast was not firmly established in American film until the 1970s. Before this decade, most movies were released with no closing credits at all. Films generally had opening credits only, which consisted of just major cast and crew, although sometimes the names of the cast and the characters they played would be shown at the end, as in The Wizard of Oz, Citizen Kane, Mary Poppins, Oliver! and the 1964 Fail Safe. Two of the first major films to contain extensive closing credits – but almost no opening credits – were the blockbusters Around the World in 80 Days (1956) and West Side Story (1961). West Side Story showed only the title at the beginning of the film, and Around the World in 80 Days, like many films today, had no opening credits at all.

Chase & Status

Chase & Status are an English electronic music production duo composed of Saul Milton (Chase) and Will Kennard (Status). In addition, MC Rage & Andy Gangadeen also make up the live band. The duo are from London, and formed in 2003 after meeting at university in Manchester. The duo have since released three studio albums as well as collaborating with major artists such as Plan B, Cee Lo Green, Rihanna, Example and Tinie Tempah. They run the independent record label MTA Records.

History

2003–09: Beginnings and More Than Alot

Saul Milton (Chase) and Will Kennard (Status) originally met in London through a mutual friend although met up again whilst university students in Manchester. Will studied History of Art at the University of Manchester, while Saul studied English and Humanities at Manchester Metropolitan University. Will decided to drop out of university to pursue a music career although Saul did manage to achieve an honours in his studies despite spending most of his time on music.