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April 15 – Jackie Robinson , an African-American, plays first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, ending the sport's unofficial rule against blacks playing.
June 26 - Sindh province joins Pakistan, after the majority voted in favour.
June 29 - Balochistan (Pakistan) province joins Pakistan, after the majority voted in favour.
July 2 - North-West Frontier Province province joins Pakistan, after the majority voted in favour.
July 19 - Punjab (Pakistan) province joins Pakistan, after the majority voted in favour.
July 22 – The former East Bengal province joins Pakistan on the basis of a Muslim-majority region the people had voted in to join the cause for Pakistan, according to the Partition Plan, based on the Two-nation theory . It later becomes the present day People's Republic of Bangladesh, since 1971.
August 14 – Pakistan is granted freedom from Britain , end of the British Raj .
August 15 – India gains independence from Britain .
January 1 - Jon Corzine , American politician
January 8 – David Bowie , British singer
March 8 – Carole Bayer Sager , American actress and singer
March 24 - Alan Sugar , British businessman
March 24 - Christine Gregoire , American politician
March 25 – Elton John , British singer
April 16 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , American basketball player
April 18 - James Woods , American actor
May 8 - John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan , British politician
July 9 - O. J. Simpson , American football player
July 17 - Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
July 30 - Arnold Schwarzenegger , Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and politician, former Governor of California
July 31 - Richard Griffiths , British actor (d. 2013 )
August 16 – Carol Moseley Braun , American jurist
September 30 - Marc Bolan , British musician (d. 1977 )
October 4 - Ann Widdecombe , British politician
October 26 – Hillary Clinton , former First Lady of the United States and United States Secretary of State
November 10 - Bachir Gemayel , Lebanese politician (d. 1982 )
November 10 - Greg Lake , American musician
December 8 – Gregg Allman , American rock musician
Emil J. Brach , American candy manufacturer (b. 1859 )
January 25 – Al Capone , American gangster (b. 1899 )
March 11 – Victor Lustig , Austrian-born con artist (b. 1890 )
March 18 – William C. Durant , American automobile pioneer (b. 1861 )
March 19 – Prudence Heward , Canadian painter (b. 1896 )
March 20 – Victor Goldschmidt , Swiss geochemist (b. 1888 )
March 30 – Arthur Machen , Welsh-born writer (b. 1863 )
April 1 – King George II of Greece (b. 1890 )
April 7 – Henry Ford , American automobile manufacturer (b. 1863 )
April 20 – King Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870 )
April 24 – Willa Cather , American novelist (b. 1873 )
May 8 – Harry Gordon Selfridge , American department store magnate (b. 1858 )
May 16 – Frederick Hopkins , English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1861 )
May 17 – George William Forbes , Prime Minister of New Zealand
May 20 – Philipp Lenard , Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862 )
May 24 – C. F. Ramuz , Swiss writer (b. 1878 )
July 19 – Aung San , Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915 )
July 30 – Joseph Cook , sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860 )
October 4 – Max Planck , German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858 )
November 25 – Léon-Paul Fargue , French writer (b. 1876 )
December 1 – Aleister Crowley , British occultist (b. 1875 )
December 1 – G. H. Hardy , British mathematician (b. 1877 )
December 7 – Tristan Bernard , French writer and lawyer (b. 1866 )
December 7 – Nicholas M. Butler , American president of Columbia University, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862 )
December 17 – J. N. Brønsted , Danish chemist (b. 1879 )