Crunk

Crunk is a genre of hip hop music originated by Three 6 Mafia in Memphis, Tennessee in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success around 2003–04. Performers of crunk music are sometimes referred to as "crunksters". Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hop's more club-oriented subgenres. An archetypal crunk track most frequently uses a drum machine rhythm, heavy bassline, and shouting vocals, often in a call and response manner. The term "crunk" is also used as a blanket term to denote any style of Southern hip hop, a side effect of the genre's breakthrough to the mainstream. The word derives from a slang past-tense form, "crunk", of the verb "to crank" (as in the phrase "crank up"), but has also been popularly assumed to mean "cronic-drunk", or "crazy drunk", after association with Crunk Juice, a brand of strong alcoholic beverage associated with the music genre. The term also means getting hyped or excited.

Etymology

The term has been attributed mainly to African-American slang, in which it holds various meanings. It most commonly refers to the verb phrase "to crank up". It is theorized that the use of the term came from a past-tense form of "crank", which was sometimes conjugated as "crunk" in the South, such that if a person, event or party was hyped-up, i.e. energetic – "cranked" or "cranked up" – it was said to be "crunk".

Noah23

Noah Raymond Brickley (born February 10, 1978), better known by his stage name Noah23, is a Canadian-American hip hop artist from Guelph, Ontario, currently based in Los Angeles, California. He is co-founder of the Plague Language collective and record label, and has been described as "one of Canada's best, most underrated MCs".

Career

Noah Raymond Brickly was born in 1978 in Natchez, Mississippi, and moved to Guelph, Ontario at the age of 4. He began rapping in the early 1990s and released his first album, originally entitled Plague Language, in 1999. This album, initially released on cassette, was remastered and released on CD in 2006 under the name Cytoplasm Pixel.

In the late 1990s, Noah23 started the record label Plague Language with producer Orphan (real name Kingston Maguire, who went on to become one half of production duo Blue Sky Black Death). In the early 2000s the Plague Language label released music from artists such as Baracuda,Livestock,Orko the Sycotik Alien,Penny, The Main, and Madadam. In 2004, following the departure of Orphan, the label entered into a period of indefinite hiatus. Plague Language continues to exist, however, as both an imprint on associated Canadian label Legendary Entertainment and as a loose collective of Guelph-based hip-hop artists.

Świt, Gmina Cekcyn

Świt [ɕfit] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cekcyn, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

References

Coordinates: 53°32′43″N 17°52′56″E / 53.54528°N 17.88222°E / 53.54528; 17.88222

! (album)

! is an album by The Dismemberment Plan. It was released on October 2, 1995, on DeSoto Records. The band's original drummer, Steve Cummings, played on this album but left shortly after its release.

Track listing

Personnel

The following people were involved in the making of !:

References

?! (album)

?! is the third studio album by Italian rapper Caparezza, and his first release not to use the former stage name MikiMix.

Reception

Reviewing the album for Allmusic, Jason Birchmeier wrote, "The Italian rapper drops his rhymes with just as much fluency and dexterity as his American peers throughout the album. [...] Caparezza's mastery of the Italian dialect [makes] this album so stunning."

Track listing

References

Album

Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at 33 ¹⁄₃ rpm. Vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century albums sales have mostly focused on compact disc (CD) and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used in the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl.

An album may be recorded in a recording studio (fixed or mobile), in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to several years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately, and then brought or "mixed" together. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed "live", even when done in a studio. Studios are built to absorb sound, eliminating reverberation, so as to assist in mixing different takes; other locations, such as concert venues and some "live rooms", allow for reverberation, which creates a "live" sound. The majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at separate times while listening to the other parts using headphones; with each part recorded as a separate track.