*-algebra

In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, a *-algebra (or involutive algebra) is a mathematical structure consisting of two involutive rings R and A, where R is commutative and A has the structure of an associative algebra over R. Involutive algebras generalize the idea of a number system equipped with conjugation, for example the complex numbers and complex conjugation, matrices over the complex numbers and conjugate transpose, and linear operators over a Hilbert space and Hermitian adjoints.

Terminology

*-ring

In mathematics, a *-ring is a ring with a map * : A → A that is an antiautomorphism and an involution.

More precisely, * is required to satisfy the following properties:

for all x, y in A.

This is also called an involutive ring, involutory ring, and ring with involution. Note that the third axiom is actually redundant, because the second and fourth axioms imply 1* is also a multiplicative identity, and identities are unique.

Ring (Suzuki novel)

Ring (リング, Ringu) is a Japanese mystery horror novel by Koji Suzuki, first published in 1991, and set in modern-day Japan. It was the basis for a 1995 television film (Ring: Kanzenban),a television series (Ring: The Final Chapter), a film of the same name (1998's Ring), and two remakes of the 1998 film: a South Korean version (The Ring Virus) and an American version (The Ring).

Plot synopsis

After four teenagers mysteriously die simultaneously in Tokyo, Kazuyuki Asakawa, a reporter and uncle to one of the deceased, decides to launch his own personal investigation. His search leads him to "Hakone Pacific Land", a holiday resort where the youths were last seen together exactly one week before their deaths. Once there he happens upon a mysterious unmarked videotape. Watching the tape, he witnesses a strange sequence of both abstract and realistic footage, including an image of an injured man, that ends with a warning revealing the viewer has a week to live. Giving a single means of avoiding death, the tape's explanation ends suddenly having been overwritten by an advertisement. The tape has a horrible mental effect on Asakawa, and he doesn't doubt for a second that its warning is true.

Ring (film)

Ring (リング, Ringu) is a 1998 Japanese psychological horror film directed by Hideo Nakata, adapted from the novel Ring by Kôji Suzuki, which in turn draws on the Japanese folk tale Banchō Sarayashiki. The film stars Nanako Matsushima, Hiroyuki Sanada, and Rikiya Ōtaka. The film follows TV reporter and single mother Reiko who is caught up in a series of deaths surrounding a cursed video tape.

Production took approximately 9 months.Ring and its sequel Rasen were released in Japan at the same time.

After release, Ring inspired numerous follow-ups within the Ring franchise and triggered a trend of Western remakes.

Plot

Two teenagers, Masami (Hitomi Satō) and Tomoko (Yūko Takeuchi), talk about a videotape recorded by a boy in Izu which is fabled to bear a curse that kills the viewer seven days after watching. Tomoko reveals that a week ago, she and three of her friends watched a weird tape and received a call after watching. Tomoko is killed by an unseen force as Masami watches, horrified.

Möja

Möja is an island in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden. Möja is one of the most popular islands in the archipelago for travellers and boaters, and is also significant in size.

Möja is frequented by the ferries of Waxholmsbolaget and other companies, and is easily accessible from Stockholm. There are food stores, cafés, restaurants, and hostels, and other facilities mostly destined to tourism.

Möja Archipelago

Möja forms part of the Storö-Bockö-Lökaö Nature Reserve, in Swedish colloquially referred to as Möjareservatet. Historically, this group of islands used to belong to the villages on Möja. Each village owned a specific island, which is still reflected in the names of the islands (i.e. Bergbo, Storö, Lökaön, and Ramsmoraö). Since the 19th century, all these islands have been subdivided into smaller plots of land. No permanent settlement on these islands are older than the 19th century, before which they were exclusively used for grazing, fishing, hunting, and for cultivating strawberries.

Moja (chimpanzee)

Moja (Swahili: "one") was a chimpanzee at the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute. She was born at the Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates (LEMSIP). In infanthood Moja was treated in a similar way to a child, and immersed in an environment of American Sign Language.

While engaging in play activities, she was observed changing her appearance while in the presence of a mirror using clothing, masks and make-up. She was observed also to place sunglasses upon her head, look into a mirror and make the sign-language sign for "glasses" on one occasion, also using the mirror for the application of lip-gloss and a crayon for the same purpose.

References