This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (May 2010) Don't speak German? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the German article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|de|Ralph Benatzky}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Ralph Benatzky (5 June 1884, (Mährisch) Budwitz (Czech: Moravské Budějovice)), Moravia, Austrian Empire – 16 October 1957), born in Moravské Budějovice as Rudolf Josef František Benatzki, was an Austrian composer of Czech^[1] origin (when Benatzky was born Bohemia was part of the Austrian empire, Benatzky mostly worked in Vienna). He composed operas and operettas, such as Casanova (1928), Die drei Musketiere (1929), Im weißen Rössl (1930), and Meine Schwester und ich (1930). He died in Zürich, Switzerland.

Works[link]

• Laridon (1911)
• Cherchez la femme (1911)
• Der lachende Dreibund (1913)
• Anno 14 (1914)
• Liebe im Schnee (1916)
• Die tanzende Maske (1918)
• Die Verliebten (1919)
• Apachen (1920)
• Ein Märchen aus Florenz (1923)
• Casanova (1928)
• Die drei Musketiere (1929)
• Im weissen Rössl (1930)
• Meine Schwester und Ich (1930)
• Zur goldenen Liebe (1931)
• Zirkus Aimée (1932)
• Büxl (1932)
• Reichste Mann der Welt (1935)
• Der König mit dem Regenschirm (1935)
• Axel an der Himmelstür (1936)
• Majetät – Privat (1937)
• Herzen im Schnee (1937)
• Der Silberhof (1941)

Notes[link]

Benatzky is often mistakenly referred to as Jewish due to an error published in a book of Jewish musicians during World War II. Benatzky himself was not Jewish, but he was twice married to Jewish women: Josma Selim, a singer (Hedwig Josma Fischer; born 1884 in Wien; died 1929 in Berlin) and Melanie "Mela" Hoffmann, a dancer^[2][3][4].

External links[link]

• http://www.ralph-benatzky.com
• http://www.operetta-research-center.org (with an English biography and historical English reviews)

References[link]

1. ^ Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd edition (1994), p.78: art. Benatzky, Ralph: "Czech composer"
2. ^ Theo Stengel, Herbert Gerigk: Lexikon der Juden in der Musik. Mit einem Titelverzeichnis jüdischer Werke. Zusammmengestellt im Auftrag der Reichsleitung der NSDAP auf Grund behördlich, parteiamtlich geprüfter Unterlagen. Hahnefeld, Berlin 1940. There were entrances for both women, but not one for Ralph Benatzky.
3. ^ Michael H. Kater: The Twisted Music. Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press, New York 1999.
4. ^ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933-1945. CD-ROM edition, Kiel, 2004, pp. 370 [1]

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Zarah Leander
Born	Sara Stina Hedberg (1907-03-15)15 March 1907 Karlstad, Sweden
Died	23 June 1981(1981-06-23) (aged 74) Stockholm, Sweden
Occupation	Actress, singer
Years active	1929–1979
Spouse	Nils Leander (1926–1930) Vidar Forsell (1932–1943) Arne Hülphers (1956–1978)

Zarah Leander (15 March 1907 – 23 June 1981) was a Swedish actress and singer.

Leander began her career in the late 1920s, and by the mid 1930s her success in Europe, particularly in Germany and the Scandinavian countries, led to invitations to work in the United States. Leander was reluctant to relocate her children, and opted to remain in Europe, and from 1936 was contracted to work for the German Universum Film AG (UFA) while continuing to record songs. Leander later noted that while her films were successful, her work as a recording artist was more profitable.

As a result of her controversial choice to work for the state-owned UFA in Adolf Hitler's Germany, her films and song lyrics were viewed by some as propaganda for the Nazi cause, although she took no public political position. Leander was strongly criticized as a result, particularly in Sweden where she returned after her Berlin home was bombed during an air raid. Initially she was shunned by much of the artistic community and public in Sweden, and found herself unable to resume her career after the Second World War. It was several years before she could make a comeback in Sweden, and she would remain a figure of public controversy for the rest of her life.

Eventually she returned to performing throughout Europe, but was unable to equal the level of success she had previously achieved. She spent her later years in retirement in Stockholm, and died there at the age of 74.

Beginnings[link]

She was born as Sara Stina Hedberg in Karlstad. While Zarah Leander's career in the Third Reich has been criticized, rumors nevertheless erroneously implied that Zarah was of Jewish heritage.^{[citation needed]} According to her son Göran, his mother's family, going back through generations, were from the Swedish provinces of Dalarna and Värmland.^{[citation needed]}

Although Zarah Leander studied piano and violin as a small child, and sang on stage for the first time at the age of six, she initially had no intention of becoming a professional performer and led an ordinary life for several years. As a teenager she lived two years in Riga (1922–1924), where she learned German, took up work as a secretary, married Nils Leander (1926), and had two children (1927 and 1929). However, in 1929 she was engaged, as an amateur, in a touring cabaret by the entertainer and producer Ernst Rolf and for the first time sang "Vill ni se en stjärna," ('Do you want to see a star?') which soon would become her signature tune.

In 1930, she participated in four cabarets in the capital, Stockholm, made her first records, including a cover of Marlene Dietrich's "Falling in Love Again", and played a part in a film. However, it was as "Hanna Glavari" in Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow that she had her definitive break-through (1931). By then she had divorced Nils Leander. In the following years, she expanded upon her career and made a living as an artist on stage and in film in Scandinavia. Her fame brought her proposals from the European continent and from Hollywood, where a number of Swedish actors and directors were working.

In the beginning of the 1930s she performed with the Swedish revue artist, producer and songwriter Karl Gerhard who was a prominent anti-Nazi. He wrote a song for Zarah Leander, "I skuggan av en stövel" (In the shadow of a boot), in 1934 which strongly condemned the persecution of Jews in Nazi-Germany.^[1]

Zarah Leander opted for an international career on the European continent. As a mother of two school-age children, she ruled out a move to America. In her view it was, most of all, too insecure. She feared the consequences, should she bring the children with her such a great distance and subsequently be unable to find employment. Despite the political situation, Austria and Germany were much closer, and Leander was already well-versed in German.

A second breakthrough, by contemporary measures her international debut, was the world premiere (1936) of Axel an der Himmelstür at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, directed by Max Hansen. It was a parody on Hollywood and not the least a parody of the German Marlene Dietrich, who had left a Europe marked by Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler. It was followed by the Austrian film Premiere, in which she played the role of a successful cabaret star.

The UFA star[link]

Zarah Leander on the cover of Swedish weekly Se 1941

In 1936, she landed a contract with UFA in Berlin. She became known as an extraordinarily tough negotiator, demanding influence and high salaries with half of her salary paid in Swedish kronor to a bank in Stockholm. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels dubbed her an "Enemy of Germany", but as a leading film star at UFA, she participated in ten films, most of them great successes. However, unlike other film stars at the time, such as Olga Chekhova, Leander neither socialized with leading party members nor took part in official Nazi party functions. (Both actresses are rumored to have been Communist spies.)

At a party she met the Nazi minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, who asked her ironically: "Zarah... Isn't this a Jewish name?" "Oh, maybe" the actress told "but what about Josef?" "Hmmm... yes, yes, a good answer" Goebbels replied.^[2]

In her films, Zarah Leander repeatedly played the role of a femme fatale, independently minded, beautiful, passionate and self-confident. Although most of her songs had a melancholic flair, some had a frivolous undertext, or could at least be interpreted that way. In 1942, in the midst of a burning war, Leander scored the two biggest hits of her recording career - in her signature deep voice, she sang her anthems of hope and survival: "Davon geht die Welt nicht unter" ('That is not the end of the world') and "Ich weiß, es wird einmal ein Wunder gescheh'n" ('I know that someday a miracle will happen'). These two songs in particular are often included in contemporary documentaries as obvious examples of effective Nazi propaganda at work; however, it should also be noted that Leander's performance on these tracks, along with countless other hits she had all over Europe, struck a chord with the German people. Although no exact record sales numbers exist, it is likely that she was among Europe's best-selling recording artists in the years prior to 1945. Zarah herself was quick to point out in later years that what made her a fortune was indeed not her salary from Ufa, but the royalties from the records she released.^[3] "Ich weiß, es wird einmal ein Wunder gescheh'n" was the song on which New Wave singer Nina Hagen (who grew up in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and as a child had idolized Leander) based her 1983 hit "Zarah".

Return to Sweden[link]

Her last film in Nazi Germany premiered on 3 March 1943. Her villa in the fashionable Berlin suburb of Grunewald was hit in an air raid, and the increasingly desperate Nazis pressured her to apply for German citizenship. At this point she decided to break her contract with Ufa, leave Germany, and retreat to Sweden, where she had bought a mansion at Lönö, not far from Stockholm.

After the Wehrmacht's defeat in the 1943 Battle of Stalingrad, public opinion in Sweden (the government of which remained officially neutral throughout the war, though ideologically aligned with the Allies, but also supplying the Nazis with strategic war materials), was more free to display outward hostility toward the Nazis, especially as news of the Holocaust became widespread^[4] (public opinion was mainly anti-Nazi from the start, but was censored in the press by the government, to avoid severe repercussions from Germany). Leander had been far too extensively associated with Nazi propaganda, and as a result was shunned. Gradually she managed to land engagements on the Swedish stage. After the war she did eventually return to tour Germany and Austria, giving concerts, making new records and acting in musicals. Her comeback found an eager audience among pre-war generations who had never forgotten her. She appeared in a number of films and television shows, but she would never regain the popularity she had enjoyed before and into the first years of World War II. In 1981, after having retired from show business, she died in Stockholm of a stroke.

After the war, Zarah Leander was often questioned about her years in Nazi Germany. Though she would willingly talk about her past, she stubbornly rejected allegations of her having had sympathy for the Nazi regime. She claimed that her position as a German film actress merely had been that of an entertainer working to please an enthusiastic audience in a difficult time. She repeatedly described herself as a political idiot.

Zarah Leander continued to be very popular in Germany for many decades after WWII. She was interviewed several times in German television until she died.

In 1987 two Swedish musicals were written about Zarah Leander.

In 2003 a bronze statue was placed in Zarah Leander's home town Karlstad, by the Opera house of Värmland where she first began her career. After many years of discussions, the town government accepted this statue on behalf of the first Swedish local Zarah Leander Society. A Zarah Leander museum is open near her mansion outside Norrköping. Every year a scholarship is given to a creative artist in Zarah's tradition. The performer Mattias Enn received the prize in 2010, the female impersonator Jörgen Mulligan in 2009 and Zarah's friend and creator of the museum Brigitte Pettersson in 2008.

Filmography[link]

• 1930 – Dantes mysterier, with Eric Abrahamson, Elisabeth Frisk, Gustaf Lövås
• 1931 – Falska millionären, with Sture Lagerwall, Fridolf Rhudin
• 1935 – Äktenskapsleken, with Einar Axelsson, Karl Gerhard, Elsa Carlsson
• 1936 – Premiere (her first film in German), with Karl Martell, Attila Hörbiger, Theo Lingen
• 1937 – Zu neuen Ufern, with Willy Birgel, Viktor Staal, Carola Höhn, Erich Ziegel, Hilde von Stolz
• 1937 – La Habanera, with Ferdinand Marian, Karl Martell, Paul Bildt, Edwin Juergenssen, Werner Finck
• 1938 – Heimat, with Heinrich George, Ruth Hellberg, Lina Carstens, Paul Hörbiger, Leo Slezak
• 1938 – Der Blaufuchs, with Willy Birgel, Paul Hörbiger, Jane Tilden, Karl Schönböck, Rudolf Platte
• 1939 – Es war eine rauschende Ballnacht, with Marika Rökk, Paul Dahlke, Aribert Wäscher
• 1939 – Das Lied der Wüste, with Gustav Knuth, Friedrich Domin, Herbert Wilk, Franz Schafheitlin
• 1940 – Das Herz der Königin, with Willy Birgel, Axel von Ambesser, Will Quadflieg, Margot Hielscher
• 1941 – Der Weg ins Freie, with Hans Stüwe, Agnes Windeck, Siegfried Breuer, Hedwig Wangel
• 1942 – Die große Liebe, with Viktor Staal, Paul Hörbiger, Grethe Weiser, Wolfgang Preiss
• 1942 – Damals, with Hans Stüwe, Rossano Brazzi, Karl Martell, Hilde Körber, Otto Graf
• 1950 – Gabriela, with Siegfried Breuer, Carl Raddatz, Grethe Weiser, Gunnar Möller
• 1952 – Cuba Cabana, with O. W. Fischer, Paul Hartmann, Hans Richter, Eduard Linkers, Karl Meixner, Werner Lieven
• 1953 – Ave Maria, with Hans Stüwe, Marianne Hold, Hilde Körber, Berta Drews, Carl Wery
• 1954 – Bei Dir war es immer so schön, with Willi Forst, Heinz Drache, Sonja Ziemann, Margot Hielscher
• 1959 – Der blaue Nachtfalter, with Christian Wolff, Marina Petrowa, Paul Hartmann, Werner Hinz
• 1964 – Das Blaue vom Himmel (TV-Film), with Karin Baal, Toni Sailer, Carlos Werner
• 1966 – Das gewisse Etwas der Frauen, with Nadja Tiller, Anita Ekberg, Romina Power, Robert Hoffmann, Michèle Mercier

Operettas and musicals[link]

• 1931 Franz Lehár, Die lustige Witwe
• 1936 Ralph Benatzky, Axel an der Himmelstür (as Gloria Mills)
• 1958 Ernst Nebhut, Peter Kreuder, Madame Scandaleuse (as Helene)
• 1960 Oscar Straus, Eine Frau, die weiß, was sie will (as Manon Cavallini)
• 1964 Karl Farkas u. Peter Kreuder, Lady aus Paris (as Mrs. Erlynne)
• 1968 Peter Thomas, Ika Schafheitlin, Helmuth Gauer, Wodka für die Königin (as Königin Aureliana)
• 1975 Stephen Sondheim, Hugh Wheeler, Das Lächeln einer Sommernacht (as Madame Armfeldt)

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

• Ascheid, Antje. Hitler's heroines : stardom and womanhood in Nazi cinema. Philadelphia, Pa. : Temple University Press, 2003
• Carter, Erica. Dietrich's ghosts : the sublime and the beautiful in Third Reich film. London : BFI Publishing, 2004
• Seiler, Paul. Ich bin eine Stimme. LinkBerlin : Ullstein, 1997

Autobiography[link]

• Es war so wunderbar. Mein Leben. Hamburg: Hoffmann u. Campe. 1973. ISBN 3-455-04090-X

External links[link]

• Zarah Leander at the Internet Movie Database
• Listen to Zarah sing
• Zarah Leander talking about her German film years (in Swedish)
• Photographs and bibliography
• Zarah Leander at Find a Grave
• Zarah Leander, German fan-site

Greta Keller-Bacon (February 8, 1903 – November 11, 1977) was a cabaret singer and Hollywood actress.

Biography[link]

Born Margaretha Keller in Vienna, Austria, she studied dance from the age of eight, followed by acting. Her début was in Pavillon, in Vienna. She also appeared on stage with Marlene Dietrich in Broadway, in which she sang and danced. A recording contract with Ultraphon in 1929 took her from Vienna to Prague and Berlin, where she enjoyed great success with Peter Igelhoff and Peter Kreuder. For over 45 years her voice was familiar worldwide, in radio shows, films, revues, concerts and musicals, but above all in recordings. First called The Great Lady Of Chanson in her native Vienna, the nickname followed her to London and America.

Marriage[link]

In Hollywood she met and married Gaspar Griswold Bacon, Jr. son of Gaspar G. Bacon from a prominent Boston Brahmin family. The elder Bacon was a member of the board of Harvard University, and had been a close associate of J.P. Morgan, and later served as Secretary of State under Theodore Roosevelt and ambassador to France under William Howard Taft.

Known in film and theater as David Bacon, her husband was murdered in 1943, two weeks after finishing a major role in the Republic serial The Masked Marvel. Speculation involved affairs with Howard Hughes and another actor, but the murder was never solved. Not long after that, their child was stillborn.

It took some time for her to recover from these events, but she restarted her career in Switzerland, then on to Vienna, Berlin and back to New York City.

Career[link]

Her lieder voice carried the charm of the Parisian women but never lost the heart of the girl from Vienna. Greta's singing in what some call "a style reminiscent of Marlene Dietrich" comes from the fact she was the model for how Marlene Dietrich developed her own voice. Greta Keller made recordings throughout the world and from the earliest days of "schellack" to the dawn of CDs. She spent many years in the United States, notably in hotel club rooms at the Waldorf and (later) the Stanhope in New York, where her show always included "My Way", with lyrics composed by Paul Anka, and a number of Noël Coward numbers. A "singer's singer," Keller often drew other performers to the room, including the Nordstrom Sisters, Beverly Sills and Hildegarde. Other regulars would book the same tables most nights that she was performing, including photographer Edgar de Evia. Favorites of the Stanhope crowd were the songs of Cole Porter and Noël Coward, for their sexual innuendo and double entendres. These included "Miss Otis Regrets" and "I'm the Other Woman in His Life" by her close friend Elisse Boyd. She regularly returned to Vienna. The poet and singer Rod McKuen was introduced by her to an audience in Vienna. McKuen, in turn,hosted a concert presenting her at Lincoln Center in the 1970s, and wrote the English lyric "If You Go Away" to Jacques Brel's "Ne Me Quitte Pas," which she always sang.

Greta's greatest strength was in her adaptability. She sang each song in a unique way. Her repertoire included songs from the 1930s through the war years as well as popular songs of the day. A few years before her death, her voice was heard in the Academy Award-winning movie, Cabaret (1972), for which she sang the song, "Heirat" (Married). The last years of her life, from 1973 until her death in November 1977 Greta lived, worked, and traveled with her last partner, Wolfgang Nebmaier, who now lives in Southern Oregon.

Filmography[link]

• Mann, der seinen Mörder sucht, Der (1931) (uncredited) .... Singer... aka Jim, der Mann mit der Narbe (Germany)... aka Looking for His Murderer
• Lied vom Leben, Das (1931) .... Singer... aka Song of Life (USA: informal literal English title)
• Melodie der Liebe (1932) .... Singer... aka Right to Happiness (USA)
• Abenteurer von Paris, Der (1936) .... Cabaret Singer... aka The Paris Adventure (USA)
• Reunion in France (1942) (uncredited) .... Baroness von Steinkamp... aka Mademoiselle France (UK)... aka Reunion
• Herz spielt falsch, Ein (1953) .... Chansonniere/Cabaret Singer ... aka A Heart's Foul Play (International: English title)
• Blaue Stunde (1967) .... Singer
• Cabaret (1972) her voice was heard on a record as the singer of: "Heirat"

Filmography as: Actor, Herself, Notable TV Guest Appearances[link]

Herself – filmography[link]

• Underground and Emigrants (1976)

Notable TV Guest Appearances[link]

• "Five Fingers" playing "Micheline" in episode: "Station Break" (episode # 1.1) 3 October 1959
• "'Drehscheibe, Die'" playing "Singer" 6 November 1968
• "V.I.P.-Schaukel" playing "Herself" (episode # 4.3) 15 December 1974

Discography[link]

LP: Greta Keller 1938, Das Schönste von damals (1935–1938) Telefunken HT-P 500, mit Peter Kreuder und Orchester

LP: GRETA KELLER 196?,BLACK FFRR LABEL,SLRW LONDON 5926M

LP: SINGS KURT WEILL 1953,TEN INCH LP,SWOBC,COOL BURT GOLDBLATT COVER ART ATLANTIC ALS 405M

LP: XII O'CLOCK: MUSIC IN A MIDNIGHT MOOD 195?,SOC DOLPHIN 5M

LP: WITH ALL MY LOVE UK, (MONO), SL CW, SM CORNER BEND DECCA ECLIPSE:2049

LP: LOVE IS A DAYDREAM STEREO MON:725

7" SINGLE: WENN DIE SONNE HINTER DEN DÄCHERN VERSINKT B: JONNY,WENN DU GEBURTSTAG HAST DE ELITE SPECIAL:010075

10": GROUP OF INTIMATE SONGS 1953 US HARVEST H-0056

LP: SINGS KURT WEILL ALS405

LP: IN CONCERT 1975 ORIGINAL RECORDED LIVE IN NEW YORK 1972 STANYAN:SR10041

LP: ERINNERUNGEN-HISTORISCHE AUFNAHMEN (1977)

LP: ERINNERUNGEN DE 1977 DE RCA INTERNATIONAL:42053

7" SINGLE: GOODBYE LIEBER JONNY / APOLLO UMBERTO SILVANO ROBERTO ROMANO UK CA45F10649

LP: GRETA KELLER CONCERT UK / 69 TSSCLR1261

LP: WITH ALL MY LOVE MONO UK / 71 PSEECM2049

LP: EINE BLAUE STUNDE (IMPORT) PLPE 30048

LP: GREAT SONGS OF THE 1930s STANYAN SR 10042

LP: REMEMBER ME LONDON, 1305

LP: GRETA KELLER IN CONCERT STANYAN:SR10041

LP: EINE BLAUE STUNDE ELITE SPECIALCHPLPE

LP: LEGENDE EINER STIMME TELEFUNKENG642 322

LP: REMEMBER ME LONDON:1305

LP: XII O'CLOCK DOLPHIN:5

SR 5040 • Evening In Vienna / Rod McKuen & Greta Keller

"Greta Keller Sings Love is a Daydream and other Songs by Yulya" Monitor Records MON00725

"Blue Moon" (January 29, 1935) was included on the album "Pennie's from Heaven" Decca DDV 5007/8 music from the BBC TV series "Pennies from heaven" starring Bob Hoskins

"Diverse Songs and Moods of the 1940's: Stella Brooks and Greta Keller" (1981) Folkways Records FW02830

External links[link]

• Greta Keller at the Internet Movie Database
• Keller Discography on Folkways

Henryk Gold (1902–1977) was a Polish Jewish composer, arranger, and orchestra director born in Warsaw to a musical family (his mother Helena was of the famous Warsaw klezmer Melodysta family, his father Michael a flautist in the Warsaw Opera Orchestra). He was the brother of Artur Gold.

When silent movies in Poland lost popularity following the arrival of Al Jolson's The Jazz Singer, (known in Yiddish as The Singing Buffoon), thousands of Polish musicians who'd played in the movie theaters lost their livelihood; they began to create large and small orchestras playing dance music and jazz.^[1] Artur and Henryk Gold, the brothers Jerzy and Stanislaw Petersburski, Zygmunt Karasinski and Szymon Kataszek, Kazimierz Englard, Julian Halicki were the pioneers; Henryk Gold was chief among them, giving concerts at the famous Ziemiańska Cafe on Kredytowa Street and the revue theater “Morskie-Oko” on Sienkiewicz Street. He ran the nightclub “Adria” with his brother on Moniuszki Street.^[2]

Gold wrote hundreds of tangos, polkas, foxtrots, and waltzes, interpolating Jewish motifs. His hits included Tęsknota (Nostalgia, in Yiddish Benkshaft); Jaśminy (Jasmine); Jak ja się dziś upiję (When I Get Drunk Today, in Yiddish Az 'Khvel Mikh Haynt Onshikirn); Moja pierswsza i ostatnia (My First and Last, Yiddish Mayn Ershte Un Letste); Szkoda twoich łez (Too bad about your tears, Yiddish A Shod Dayne Trern), and others.^[3]

During the Second World War, he and fellow composer Jerzy Petersburski toured the Soviet Union with a large jazz orchestra. In 1942 he left the Soviet Union with the Polish Anders Army, went to Israel, where he wrote songs "Arcenu ha-ktantonet", "Ruakh", "Shalom" and lastly emigrated to New York.^[3]

References[link]

External links[link]

• sztetl.org.pl

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (January 2011) Don't speak German? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the German article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|de|Viktor de Kowa}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Viktor de Kowa (also spelled Victor de Kowa, born Victor Paul Karl Kowalczyk; 8 March 1904 in Hohkirch near Görlitz – 8 April 1973 in Berlin) was a German stage and film actor, chanson singer, director, narrator and comic poet. He was married to the Japanese singer and actress Michiko Tanaka.

Selected filmography[link]

• Pension Schöller (1930)
• The Other Side (1931)
• Tannenberg (1932)
• Game on Board (1936)
• The Thing About Styx (1942)
• Bombs on Monte Carlo (1960)
• The House in Montevideo (1963)

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