Posted by Chuck B Almada, Republished from a
Business Insider article
Written by Christopher Woody
October 21, 2016
The grisly accounting continues in Mexico,
as homicides hit a new high for the year in September — the third month in a
row in to lodge such a record.
Nationwide, there were 2,187 homicide victims in September,
exceeding the 2,155 of August and the 2,098 recorded in July. July was the
first time the number of homicide victims was over 2,000 since the government
began releasing that statistic at the start of 2014.
The number of homicide cases — a data point the Mexican
government has released since 1997 — were 1,974 in September, which was a high
for this year and the most registered since May 2012, meaning those 1,974 cases
are the most recorded in a month since current President Enrique Peña Nieto
took office in December 2012.
The number of homicide victims in September was a 37%
increase over the number in September 2015, 1,599, and the total number of
homicides recorded in the first nine months of this year, 16,747, was a 20%
increase over those in the first nine months of last year, 13,938, Mexican
security analyst Alejandro Hope noted on Twitter.
"Measured by daily average, September 2016 was the
month with most preliminary investigations for intentional homicide since June
of 2011," Hope said. 2011 and 2012 were the tail end of a period of
violence that lashed
Mexico
starting around 2009, a few years after then-President Felipe Calderon deployed
troops throughout the country to fight drug cartels.
"Let me put it this way: there were more homicides [in
September 2016] than in 11 of 12 months of 2012 and in 9 of 12 in 2011," Hope
added.
The 16,747 homicide victims recorded nationwide through the
first nine months of this year put the country on pace to vastly exceed the 18,673
registered through all of 2015 and the 17,324 the country saw in all of 2014,
returning to homicide levels not seen since 2011.
The ongoing spike in homicides is largely driven by
increasing violence among organized-crime groups involved in the drug trade.
In the parts of Mexico
where these groups are active, the number of killing vastly outstrips more
placid parts of the country.
Mexico
state, which wraps around
Mexico City
like a horseshoe, saw the most homicides in September, 185, though as
Mexico's
most populated state, with 16 million people, its homicide rates are typically
high.
Southwest Mexico, however, has been a
focal point of organized-crime-related violence.
Guerrero state saw 170 homicides. That number was down
significantly from the 217 the state had in August, but it was still the second
most in the country last month. Guerrero is home to extensive marijuana and
opium cultivation, and its location on the coast and near the country's center
has made it prize territory for traffickers.
It's thought regional groups, including the Guerreros Unidos
gang involved in the disappearance of 43 students in September 2014, are vying
for control of the state's eastern highlands, while other gangs and major
cartel groups like the Sinaloa cartel and the Jalisco New Generation cartel (CJNG)
are battling for control of Acapulco, a once idyllic resort city on the Pacific
coast that is now one of the most violent cities in the world.
Michoacan, in southwest
Mexico,
saw 164 homicides last month, the second most in the state so far this year. Michoacan
has long been a hotspot for cartel activity.
The brutal reign of the Knights Templar cartel sparked a
popular uprising around 2014, with citizen-formed auto defensas, or self-defense
groups, rising up.
That uprising, coupled with a heavy federal response,
undermined the Knights Templar, but since then other groups, including the
ascendant CJNG, have moved in.
In recent weeks, clashes in the state have intensified,
particularly in the state's central Tierra Caliente region, as remnants of the
Knight Templar, elements of the CJNG, state security forces, and others clash. A
government helicopter was shot down in September.
Jalisco state, just north of Michoacan, saw 123 homicides in
September, its second most this year. The state is thought to be the home turf
of the CJNG, but that group has clashed with the dominant Sinaloa cartel there.
In September, it's believed that CJNG gunmen abducted at
least one of incarcerated Sinaloa kingpin Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán's
sons.
He was released five days later, but the incident has
brought the Sinaloa-CJNG competition to the fore, and Sinaloa state, farther
north of Jalisco, has seen more killings and fighting between state security
forces and cartel gunmen in the weeks since.
The most shocking spike in killings has come in Colima, one
of
Mexico's
smallest states by size and population.
Nestled between Jalisco and Michoacan, Colima is home to the
port of Manzanillo
and is strategically valuable to any cartel trying to move product in and out
of
Mexico.
Colima saw 48 homicides this September, more than double the
23 it had last September and 24 times the two killings it had in September 2014.
The state's homicide rate so far this year, 58.99 per 100,000
people, is nearly five times the national average of 12.43.
The rising violence has also affected areas savaged by drug-related
violence between 2009 and 2012.
Chihuahua, which
borders the US
and is home to Ciudad Juarez, saw
its highest number of homicides so far this year in September, with 143.
This has likely been driven by violence in
Ciudad
Juarez, a city of some 1.3 million people and
through
which highly lucrative trafficking routes pass.
Increased fighting in and around the city appears to be
driven by instability within the Sinaloa cartel since Guzmán was recaptured in
January as well as the reemergence of the Juarez cartel,
which Guzmán's organization defeated in 2012.
The 2009 to 2012 period when the Sinaloa and Juarez cartels
fought over the city made it the most violent city in the world, with more than
3,000 homicides three years in a row.
Farther west, in
Baja California's
Tijuana, which is also a valuable
trafficking transit point, low-level
fighting between the Sinaloa cartel and
the CJNG cartel have pushed up homicide levels too.
The state as a whole saw 139 killings last month, the most
this year. Tijuana itself had 80
homicides in September, the most this year as well.
This isn't to say that all of
Mexico
has been swept by killings.
Nayarit, tucked between Jalisco and Sinaloa on the west
coast, has only had 31 killings this year.
Aguascalientes
in north-central Mexico
has only seen 32, and Yucatán, Mexico's
far eastern state on the Gulf of Mexico, has had just 37
killings.
States like Querétaro and Tlaxcala, which both border Hidalgo,
and Campeche, which neighbors
Yucatán, have had single-digit monthly homicide totals for much of this year.
In response to elevated crime levels, the Peña Nieto
government said earlier this year that it would send federal police and
soldiers to intervene in the 50 municipalities that had 42% of the country's
homicides.
The criteria used to structure this deployment likely left
out many areas with serious crime problems, Hope argued in September.
This kind of intervention also mirrors past responses to
crime, such as Calderon's massive deployment in 2007, to which several years of
brutal, nationwide violence has been attributed.
"The security policy continues suffering from a deficit
of imagination," Hope wrote in Mexican newspaper El Universal in early
September. "While that doesn't change, we are going to continue reporting
frightening numbers."
through
which highly lucrative trafficking routes pass.
