- published: 10 Mar 2015
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In organic chemistry, syn and anti addition are different ways in which two substituents can be added to a double bond or triple bond. This article will use cycloalkenes as examples.
Syn addition is the addition of two substituents to the same side (or face) of a double bond or triple bond, resulting in a decrease in bond order but an increase in number of substituents. Generally the substrate will be an alkene or alkyne. An example of syn addition would be the oxidation of an alkene to a diol via a suitable oxidizing agent such as Osmium tetroxide OsO4 or Potassium permanganate KMnO4.
Anti addition is in direct contrast to syn addition. In anti addition, two substituents are added to opposite sides (or faces) of a double bond or triple bond, once again resulting in a decrease in bond order but an increase in number of substituents. The classical example of this is bromination (any halogenation) of alkenes.
Depending on the substrate double bond, addition can have different effects on the molecule. After addition to a straight-chain alkene such as C2H4, the resulting alkane will rapidly and freely rotate around its single sigma bond under normal conditions (i.e. room temperature). Thus whether substituents are added to the same side (syn) or opposite sides (anti) of a double can usually be ignored due to free rotation. However, if chirality or the specific absolute orientation of the substituents needs to be taken into account, knowing the type of addition is significant. Unlike straight-chain alkenes, cycloalkene syn addition allows stable addition of substituents to the same side of the ring, where they remain together. The cyclic locked ring structure prevents free rotation.
Addition (often signified by the plus symbol "+") is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, with the others being subtraction, multiplication and division. The addition of two whole numbers is the total amount of those quantities combined. For example, in the picture on the right, there is a combination of three apples and two apples together; making a total of 5 apples. This observation is equivalent to the mathematical expression "3 + 2 = 5" i.e., "3 add 2 is equal to 5".
Besides counting fruits, addition can also represent combining other physical objects. Using systematic generalizations, addition can also be defined on more abstract quantities, such as integers, rational numbers, real numbers and complex numbers and other abstract objects such as vectors and matrices.
In arithmetic, rules for addition involving fractions and negative numbers have been devised amongst others. In algebra, addition is studied more abstractly.
Addition has several important properties. It is commutative, meaning that order does not matter, and it is associative, meaning that when one adds more than two numbers, the order in which addition is performed does not matter (see Summation). Repeated addition of 1 is the same as counting; addition of 0 does not change a number. Addition also obeys predictable rules concerning related operations such as subtraction and multiplication.
In this video, two reactions are shown that distinguishes the syn addition product from the anti addition product.
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains the difference between syn addition and anti addition reactions. It discusses how to determine if you get 1 or 2 major products in an electrophilic alkene addition reaction. It also explains how to determine the product will be a pair of enantiomers, diastereomers, meso compounds or constitutional isomers. Here is a list of topics: 1. Syn Addition vs Anti Addition Stereochemistry 2. Cis and Trans Geometric Isomers of Alkenes 3. Halogenation of Alkenes - Bromination and Chlorination 4. Halohydrin Formation Reaction 5. Syn Hydroxylation Using KMnO4 and OH- 6. Enantiomers vs Diastereomers 7. Meso Compounds 8. Constitutional Isomers vs Stereoisomers 9. Chiral Centers and Symmetrical vs Assymetrical Molecules 10. Chiral Carbon Atoms -...
This webcast discusses the stereochemistry consequences of addition reactions to alkenes. We describe addition by considering the faces of the double bond. The elements being added may go to the same face (i.e., syn addition) or opposite face (i.e., anti addition).
"IITian Faculty" explains the above concept in entertaining and conceptual manner.
stereochemical aspects of reaction with Br2 and alkaline KMnO4
This video provides an overview of the most important reactions of alkenes that you need to know for your test. This video quickly shows you how to find the major product. It discusses which reactions proceed via markovnikov and antimarkovnikov addition as well as syn vs anti addition. It also shows you how to tell if the product of a reaction will be a single meso compound or a pair of enantiomers. It provides a ton of examples and practice problems. Here is a list of reactions that are covered: addition of hydrogen halide to an alkene: alkene to alkyl halide 1-butene + HBr = 2-bromobutane 1-butene + HBr + H2O2 = 1-bromobutane 1-butene + HCl = 2-chlorobutane 3-methyl-1-butene + HBr = 2-bromo-2-methylbutane Alkene to Alcohol: Hydroboration Oxidation: vinyl cyclopentane + BH3 THF H2O2 ...
Leave a LIKE for Synergy ! Today we have this insane introducing episode from Gkams! This episode has an awesome combination of clean and complex killcams and it emphasises how great of an addition to the team he really is! Player: http://www.youtube.com/user/daGeeKamz Editor: http://www.youtube.com/user/byrapy Music: Woody - Paperworld ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow us on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/itsSynergy http://www.twitter.com/SynWZPA http://www.twitter.com/SynergyRy If you enjoyed this episode make sure you never miss one again! Follow us on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/itsSynergy http://www.twitter.com/SynWZPA http://www.twitter.com/SynergyRy Want a sick Custom Controller from our sponsor? Visit this ...
In this video, two reactions are shown that distinguishes the syn addition product from the anti addition product. This webcast discusses the stereochemistry consequences of addition reactions to alkenes. We describe addition by considering the faces of the double bond. Organic Chemistry with Todd Rothman View the full video at This video was made to help visualize syn and anti alkene additions. The mechanisms are not complete but show the key stereochemical features.
Now that we've mastered nucleophilic substitution and elimination, we must move on to new territory. Addition reactions! Don't worry, they're super fun. Learn Organic Chemistry the easy way with Professor Dave! Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveSubscribe ProfessorDaveExplains@gmail.com http://professordaveexplains.com http://facebook.com/ProfessorDaveExpl... http://twitter.com/DaveExplains General Chemistry - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem Organic Chemistry - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem Science for Common Folk - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveScience4CommonFolk
In this video, two reactions are shown that distinguishes the syn addition product from the anti addition product.
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains the difference between syn addition and anti addition reactions. It discusses how to determine if you get 1 or 2 major products in an electrophilic alkene addition reaction. It also explains how to determine the product will be a pair of enantiomers, diastereomers, meso compounds or constitutional isomers. Here is a list of topics: 1. Syn Addition vs Anti Addition Stereochemistry 2. Cis and Trans Geometric Isomers of Alkenes 3. Halogenation of Alkenes - Bromination and Chlorination 4. Halohydrin Formation Reaction 5. Syn Hydroxylation Using KMnO4 and OH- 6. Enantiomers vs Diastereomers 7. Meso Compounds 8. Constitutional Isomers vs Stereoisomers 9. Chiral Centers and Symmetrical vs Assymetrical Molecules 10. Chiral Carbon Atoms -...
This webcast discusses the stereochemistry consequences of addition reactions to alkenes. We describe addition by considering the faces of the double bond. The elements being added may go to the same face (i.e., syn addition) or opposite face (i.e., anti addition).
"IITian Faculty" explains the above concept in entertaining and conceptual manner.
stereochemical aspects of reaction with Br2 and alkaline KMnO4
This video provides an overview of the most important reactions of alkenes that you need to know for your test. This video quickly shows you how to find the major product. It discusses which reactions proceed via markovnikov and antimarkovnikov addition as well as syn vs anti addition. It also shows you how to tell if the product of a reaction will be a single meso compound or a pair of enantiomers. It provides a ton of examples and practice problems. Here is a list of reactions that are covered: addition of hydrogen halide to an alkene: alkene to alkyl halide 1-butene + HBr = 2-bromobutane 1-butene + HBr + H2O2 = 1-bromobutane 1-butene + HCl = 2-chlorobutane 3-methyl-1-butene + HBr = 2-bromo-2-methylbutane Alkene to Alcohol: Hydroboration Oxidation: vinyl cyclopentane + BH3 THF H2O2 ...
Leave a LIKE for Synergy ! Today we have this insane introducing episode from Gkams! This episode has an awesome combination of clean and complex killcams and it emphasises how great of an addition to the team he really is! Player: http://www.youtube.com/user/daGeeKamz Editor: http://www.youtube.com/user/byrapy Music: Woody - Paperworld ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow us on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/itsSynergy http://www.twitter.com/SynWZPA http://www.twitter.com/SynergyRy If you enjoyed this episode make sure you never miss one again! Follow us on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/itsSynergy http://www.twitter.com/SynWZPA http://www.twitter.com/SynergyRy Want a sick Custom Controller from our sponsor? Visit this ...
In this video, two reactions are shown that distinguishes the syn addition product from the anti addition product. This webcast discusses the stereochemistry consequences of addition reactions to alkenes. We describe addition by considering the faces of the double bond. Organic Chemistry with Todd Rothman View the full video at This video was made to help visualize syn and anti alkene additions. The mechanisms are not complete but show the key stereochemical features.
Now that we've mastered nucleophilic substitution and elimination, we must move on to new territory. Addition reactions! Don't worry, they're super fun. Learn Organic Chemistry the easy way with Professor Dave! Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveSubscribe ProfessorDaveExplains@gmail.com http://professordaveexplains.com http://facebook.com/ProfessorDaveExpl... http://twitter.com/DaveExplains General Chemistry - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem Organic Chemistry - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem Science for Common Folk - Online Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveScience4CommonFolk
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains the difference between syn addition and anti addition reactions. It discusses how to determine if you get 1 or 2 major products in an electrophilic alkene addition reaction. It also explains how to determine the product will be a pair of enantiomers, diastereomers, meso compounds or constitutional isomers. Here is a list of topics: 1. Syn Addition vs Anti Addition Stereochemistry 2. Cis and Trans Geometric Isomers of Alkenes 3. Halogenation of Alkenes - Bromination and Chlorination 4. Halohydrin Formation Reaction 5. Syn Hydroxylation Using KMnO4 and OH- 6. Enantiomers vs Diastereomers 7. Meso Compounds 8. Constitutional Isomers vs Stereoisomers 9. Chiral Centers and Symmetrical vs Assymetrical Molecules 10. Chiral Carbon Atoms -...
This organic chemistry video tutorial focuses on reactions of alkenes. It provides plenty of examples and practice problems including mechanisms. Here is a list of topics: 1. Nucleophile vs Electrophile - Curve Arrow Notation 2. 1-butene + HBr - Hydrohalogenation Reaction Mechanism - Racemic Mixture 3. Electrophilic Addition Reactions - Markovnikov vs Antimarkovnikov Regiochemistry 4. 3-methyl-1-butene + HCl - Hydride Shift Carbocation Rearrangement 5. Regioselectivity vs Stereoselectivity - Chiral vs Achiral Products 6. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene + ICl - Methyl Shift 7. 2-Pentene + HI in CH2Cl2 - Dichloromethane Solvent 8. 1-Pentene + HBr + H2O2 - Radical Halogenation Reaction 9. Acid Catalyzed Hydration of MethylCyclohexene 10. Alkene + CH3OH + H2SO4 11. Cyclohexene + Sulfuric Ac...
This video tutorial provides an introduction or basic overview on what you will learn in your first college semester of organic chemistry. Here is a list of topics covered in this video: 1. How To Draw Lewis Structures of Organic Compounds -Butane, Hexane, 2-methylpentane, 2-chloro-3-bromoheptane, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane, 2-butene, and 3-hexyne 2. How To Draw a Line Structure From a Condensed Structure: CH3CHCH2, (CH3)3CCH2CCH, (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 3. How to Draw The Lewis Structure of Functional Groups Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Aldehydes, Ketones, Alkyl Halides, Ethers, Amines, Amides, & Ionic Structures 4. Octet Rule, Multiple Bonding, Nonbonding Electrons, & Valency of Elements Such as Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, & Halogens like Fluorine, Bromine, and Chlorine 5. How To Ca...
This video tutorial provides a summary of organic chemistry reactions involve alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, alkyl halides and Benzene. It provides the reaction mechanism as well as examples and plenty of practice problems. Here is a list of topics: 1. Addition, Elimination and Substitution Reactions 2. Hydrohalogenation Reaction Mechanism of Alkenes Using HBr 3. Markovnikov vs Anti Markovnikov Regiochemistry 4. 1-butene + HCl = Racemic Mixture 5. Free Radical Substitution Halogenation Reaction of Alkanes Using NBS 6. Halogenation Reaction of Alkenes Using Br2 CH2Cl2 - Anti Addition Reaction Mechanism 7. Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes 8. Hydration of Alkenes - Acid Catalyzed H2O H+ 9. Hydrogenation Reaction of Alkenes Using H2 Pt 10. Syn Addition & Meso Products 11. ...
Organic Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review Study Guide Topics: Alkene Addition Reactions: Hydroboration-Oxidation (BH3, THF, H2O2, OH-) Oxymercuration-Demercuration ( Hg(oac)2, H2O, NaBH4) Epoxidation: MCPBA or Peroxyacid Epoxide Formation Permanganate Oxidation - KMnO4, OH-, Cold, Dilute Simmons Smith Reaction - Zn, Cu, CH2I2 Halogenation: Br2, Cl2, CH2Cl2 Radical Monobromination: NBS + Alkene Halohydrin Reaction: Br2, Cl2, H2O Cyclopropane Ring: CHCl3 or CHBr3, KOH Carbene Intermediate Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration: Hg(OAc)2, CH3OH, NaBH4 Ozonolysis: O3, Ozone, Zn, H2O, HOAc, (CH3)2S or Me2S Syn Hydroxylation: OsO4, H2O2 Hydrohalogenation: HBr, HBr & ROOR peroxides - H2O2 Hydrogenation: H2 and Pt, or D2 and Pd Alkyne Synthesis: Acetylene, NaNH2 - Sodium Amide + Alkyl Halide Cis Alkene - H2...
Isomerism | Class 11 XI Chemistry | CBSE | IIT-JEE | AIPMT Topics included in this video are as mentioned below: Structural Isomerism, Tautomerism, Stability of Taumers, Factors affecting Stability, Catalysis in Tautomerism, Geometrical Isomerism, E-Z Nomenclature, Properties of G.I., No. of G.I., Interconversion of G.I., OPtical Isomerism and its Condition, Different types of Projection, R-S configuration, Relationship, between optical isomers, Dissymmetry in a Molecule, Enantiomers, Mesomers, Diastereomers, Special Case of Optical Isomerism, No, of Optical Isomers, Stereoisomers, D,L Configuration, Retention and Invention, Inversion, Measurement of Optical Activity, No. of Isomers, Resolution of Optical Isomers, Syn, Anti Addition, Elimination, Conformation Isomers, Conformers of Propa...
This organic chemistry video tutorial focuses on the hydroboration oxidation reaction mechanism of alkenes to produce alcohols via anti-markovnikov regiochemistry. This video contains plenty of practice problems and examples. Here is a list of topics: 1. How To Predict The Major Product of an Alkene with BH3 & THF 2. Anti-markovnikov Regiochemistry - Least Substituted Carbon 3. 1-butene to 1-butanol Using Borane & Tetrahydrofuran To Form an AlkylBorane Functional Group Followed By Oxidation By H2O2 and OH- 4. Hydroboration of 3-methyl-1-butene to form a Primary Alcohol 5. Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity of Hydroboration - Oxidation Mechanism 6. Syn Addition - Stereoselective 7. Hydroboration of Terminal & Internal Alkenes 8. Cyclohexene + B2D6 - Diborane With Deuterium 9....
This organic chemistry 1 final exam review is for students taking a standardize multiple choice exam at the end of their semester. This review contains plenty of examples and practice problems with solutions covering topics commonly taught in a typical organic chemistry course. Here is a list of topics: 1. Functional Groups and IUPAC Nomenclature 2. Hybridization, Lewis Structure, and Formal Charge Calculations 3. Resonance Structures, Acids and Bases 4. Identifying The Strongest Acid Using Periodic Trends Such as Atomic Size and Electronegativity 5. Identifying The Most Stable Chair Conformation and Newman Projection 6. Heat of Combustion and Stability 7. Chair, Boat, Twist-Boat, and Half Chair Conformation 8. Stereochemistry & R/S Absolute Confiiguration 9. Enantiomers, Dias...
This part 1 video tutorial focuses on the organic chemistry section of the MCAT exam. It contains a list of reactions associated with alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, and epoxides. This study guide contains the mechanisms as well as plenty of examples and sample practice questions. Here is a list of topics: 1. Hydrohalogenation Reaction of Alkenes - HBr, HCl, HI 2. Markovnikov vs Antimarkovnikov Regiochemistry - HBr H2O2 3. Cyclohexene + Br2 + CH2Cl2 - Halogenation Mechanism 4. Halohydrin Formation - Alkene + Br2 + H2O or Cl2 + CH3OH 5. Epoxidation With MCPBA / RCO3H - Peroxy Acid 6. Cis 1,2 Diols Using OsO4 + NaHSO3 7. Cyclopropane Ring Formation Using CH2N2 or Zn + Cu + CH2I2 - Simmons Smith Reaction 8. Syn Hydroxylation of Alkenes Using KMnO4 OH- Cold Dilute Conditions 9. ...
This video tutorial provides a review of organic chemistry for those taking the DAT exam. It provides plenty of notes, examples, and practice questions with reaction mechanisms to help you learn the most important topics in organic chemistry. You should definitely incorporate flashcards to help you memorize some important reactions. Here is a list of topics: 1. Hybridization – s, sp, sp2, sp3, Molecular Geometry, and Bond Angle 2. Functional Groups – Ketones, Aldehydes, Ethers, Esters, Nitriles & Amides 3. Formal Charge, Resonance Structures, Boiling Point, & Water Solubility 4. Carbocation, Carbanion, Radical, and Alkene Stability 5. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Hydrogen & Carbon atoms, Amines, & Alcohols 6. Acidity & Pka – Brownsted Lowry & Lewis Acids & Bases – Acid Streng...