Thomas Ernest "Satch" Sanders (born November 8, 1938, in New York City, New York) is a retired American college and professional basketball player and coach. He was a 6'6" and 210 lb forward. On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Sanders was elected to the 2011 class to enter the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor.

After playing at New York University as a stand out collegian he spent all of his 13 years in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Boston Celtics, being part of eight championship teams in 1961-66, 1968 and 1969. In NBA history, only teammates Bill Russell and Sam Jones have won more championship rings during their playing careers. He ended his career in 1973. He coached the team for a brief period in 1978.

External links[link]

• BasketballReference.com: Satch Sanders (as coach)
• BasketballReference.com: Satch Sanders (as player)

This biographical article relating to a United States basketball player, coach, or other figure born in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Tom Sanders may refer to:

• Satch Sanders, American basketball player (born 1938)
• Thomas Sanders (politician), American politician (1836-74)
• Thomas E. Sanders, production designer

• Tom Sandars, British newsreader for Radio 2 (born 1976)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Jeffers Petroglyphs Site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Jeffers Petroglyphs looking South East. Image is from a Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress), April, 1990
Nearest city:	Jeffers, Minnesota
Coordinates:	44°5′31″N 95°3′13″W / 44.09194°N 95.05361°W / 44.09194; -95.05361Coordinates: 44°5′31″N 95°3′13″W / 44.09194°N 95.05361°W / 44.09194; -95.05361
Governing body:	State
NRHP Reference#:	70000291[1]
Added to NRHP:	October 15, 1970

The Jeffers Petroglyphs site is an outcrop in southwestern Minnesota with pre-contact Native American petroglyphs. The petroglyphs are pecked into rock of the Red Rock Ridge, a 23-mile (37 km)-long Sioux quartzite outcrop that extends from Watonwan County, Minnesota to Brown County, Minnesota. The exposed surface is approximately 150 feet (50 m) by 650 feet (200 m) and surrounded by virgin prairie. Several old wagon trail ruts traverse the site, one of which is believed to be the old stage coach route from New Ulm, Minnesota to Sioux Falls, South Dakota.^[2]

The exact age of the petroglyphs is not known, but the earliest petroglyphs are estimated to be from 9000 to 7000 years ago (7000 to 5000 BCE).^[3] but some atlatl symbols at Jeffers are a close match with similar symbols at Indian Knoll in Kentucky, which have been dated to 3000 BCE during the Late Archaic Period. Another clue to the age comes from the projectile point carvings, which show a projectile point design used by hunters in the Late Archaic Period. Other carvings, such as thunderbirds, dragonflies, turtles, and shamans, are symbolic of later tribes such as the Otoe tribe, Sioux, and Iowa tribe. These are believed to date between 900 CE and 1750 CE. There are over 2000 American Indian images preserved in the bedrock. The bedrock was flattened and smoothed over by glaciers 14000 years ago.^[4]

A turtle

Several archaeologists have hypothesized theories about the purpose of the carvings. Some hypotheses include the practice of hunting magic, performance of sacred ceremonies, or recording historical events in the lives of warriors, shamans, and chiefs. The exact age and purpose of the carvings is only speculation, not established fact. Meanwhile, some Native Americans view the Jeffers site as sacred ground and a very spiritual place, not merely a site to be studied and speculated upon. Jerry Flute, a Dakota elder, was quoted as saying, "To the contemporary Native Americans who reside in and around the state, [Jeffers Petroglyphs] is a very spiritual place. It is a place where Grandmother Earth speaks of the past, present and future."

An example of a petroglyph

The Minnesota Historical Society purchased the site from W. R. Jeffers, Jr. in 1966^[2] and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is maintained by the Minnesota Historical Society and is open to the public between May and September. The site is bracketed by two important tracts of tallgrass prairie: Rock Ridge Prairie Scientific and Natural Area to the northwest^[5] and Red Rock Prairie, a preserve of The Nature Conservancy, to the east. Here federally threated prairie bush clover is found, as well as big bluestem, Indian grass, gray-headed coneflower, Maximilian's sunflower, cordgrass and coreopsis. The Upland Sandpiper, Regal Fritillary and Powesheik Skipper can be found on these prairies.^[6]

The visitor center is open from May through September and features hands-on exhibits and a multimedia presentation about the site. Daily natural and cultural history programs are offered about such topics as archaeology, how Native Americans made and used the atlatl, a travois and cordage, and prairie wildlife and plants.

Astronomy at Jeffers Petroglyphs[link]

The Starry Night, Prairie Night event is held annually in the park. ^[7] During this time the park manager allows amateur astronomers including the Minnesota Amateur Astronomers, MNAA, to use the park and facilities. Many amateur astronomers attend this event. Several members bring their telescopes and allow, and often encourage, others to share their views of the night sky.^[8] This site is valued not only because of its historic nature but also because of its dark night skies. The site is much darker than most populated areas in Minnesota and is rated green^[9] by the Clear Sky Chart.

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Gardner, Denis P. (2004). Minnesota Treasures: Stories Behind the State's Historic Places. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 0-87351-471-8. 
• Roefer, Florence (1970). "Cottonwood County Petroglyphs". The Centennial History of Cottonwood County Minnesota 1970. Cottonwood County Historical Society. pp. 324–325. 

External links[link]

• Jeffers Petroglyphs – Minnesota Historical Society
• Friends of the Jeffers Petroglyphs Historic Site