- published: 18 Jun 2016
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The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest evolving parts of the human genome. To date, over 200 Y-linked genes have been identified. All Y-linked genes are expressed and (apart from duplicated genes) hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in the cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (See Y linkage.)
The Y chromosome was identified as a sex-determining chromosome by Nettie Stevens at Bryn Mawr College in 1905 during a study of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. Edmund Beecher Wilson independently discovered the same mechanisms the same year. Stevens proposed that chromosomes always existed in pairs and that the Y chromosome was the pair of the X chromosome discovered in 1890 by Hermann Henking. She realized that the previous idea of Clarence Erwin McClung, that the X chromosome determines sex, was wrong and that sex determination is, in fact, due to the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. Stevens named the chromosome "Y" simply to follow on from Henking's "X" alphabetically.
Scientists know that the Y chromosome has been shrinking in size over millions of years, but recent studies suggest that it has more important genes, besides the ones that cause biological maleness. Hosted by: Michael Aranda ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters -- we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shout out to Justin Ove, Andreas Heydeck, Justin Lentz, Will and Sonja Marple, Benny, Chris Peters, Tim Curwick, Philippe von Bergen, Patrick, Fatima Iqbal, Lucy McGlasson, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Accalia Elementia, Kathy & Tim Philip, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Thomas J., and Patrick D. Ashmore. ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to pu...
In the 1960s and 1970s geneticists pursued a fascinating hypothesis: Is it possible that a man could be born with a criminal gene? For more: http://www.vox.com/2015/2/25/8103965/genetics-crime-xyy Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Produced & narrated by Estelle Caswell Vox.com is news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o
This is a video from the free online course Genealogy: Researching Your Family Tree from University of Strathclyde, available on FutureLearn.com: https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/genealogy/ An interesting look at how the Y chromosome is passed on to males through the different generations, much like a surname is passed down. At FutureLearn, we want to inspire learning for life. We offer a diverse selection of free, high quality online courses from some of the world's leading universities and other outstanding cultural institutions. Browse all courses and sign up here: http://www.futurelearn.com
The evolution of the Y chromosome Daniel Bellott and Henrik Kaessmann on the evolution of the Y chromosome. - Reprieve for men: Y chromosome is not vanishing The sex chromosome has been shrinking throughout mammalian evolution, but many of its remaining genes play crucial roles beyond sex determination. Nature 24 April 2014 doi:10.1038/nature.2014.15103 http://www.nature.com/news/reprieve-for-men-y-chromosome-is-not-vanishing-1.15103 References 1. Bellott, D. W. et al. Nature 508, 494--499 (2014). Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators Nature 508, 494--499 (24 April 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13206 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v508/n7497/full/nature13206.html 2. Cortez, D. et al. Nature 508, 488--493 (2014). Origins and functional evolution of Y...
David Page describes the odd history of the Y chromosome, its apparent loss of genes and its presumed fragility. He explains the great difficulty of decoding the Y chromosome, and what scientists have discovered about its complex role in evolution. He also discusses an emerging interest in this field regarding the relationship between the sex chromosomes and conditions that affect males or females disproportionately: for example why autism affects males much more than females. David Page, M.D., Director, Whitehead Institute; Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
For 3 years now, it has been widely debated whether or not the Y chromosome will disappear. Will men cease to exist on Earth without the gene that created them? Anthony takes a look at recent findings in regards to genetics and the slow demise of the Y chromosome. Read More: Study Dispels Theories of Y Chromosome's Demise http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/01/09/study-dispels-theories-of-y-chromosomes-demise/ "A comparison of Y chromosomes in eight African and eight European men dispels the common notion that the Y's genes are mostly unimportant and that the chromosome is destined to dwindle and disappear." Natural Selection Reduced Diversity on Human Y Chromosomes http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004064 "The human Y chromosome exhibits surprisi...
XX and XY are the chromosome pairs that determine your sex but what happens when you’re born with XXX or XYY? How often does this happen? Check out Wise Crack for more cool videos like this one: Is Gender Real? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkilQ87UUj8 Read More: Human Sex Chromosomes Are Sloppy DNA Swappers http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/human-sex-chromosomes-are-sloppy-dna-swappers-180955946/?no-ist “The genetic bundles that code for males and females can get a little messy when they trade pieces during cell division” Evolution of the Y Chromosome http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolution-y-chromosome “The human X and Y chromosomes are a unique pair. The other chromosome pairs, called the autosomes, appear to be identical twins; they are superficially i...
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List of Resources Used in Video X Linked Disorder https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdam8pKhRNo 0:36-0:45, 0:47-1:10 What is Turner’s Syndrome? Animated Explanation Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQG8o5b4lKg 0:44-0:51, 1:10-1:27, 1:59-2:11 Boy or Girl? Parents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t0dLqY8Uts&oref;=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1t0dLqY8Uts&has;_verified=1 0:46-0:49 Genetics 1: Sex Linkage: XY Chromosomes and Gender https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QF6wYajLvNw 0:02-0:26 Discover the Beluga Whales at Arctic Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ08zvLDCmM 0:11-0:16 Up Close with Insects and Arachnids https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCIA-_kyMXU 0:11-0:14 Plant Time Lapse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyRw597JBVg 1:17-1:20 How Mendel’s Pea Plants Helped Us...
The Kolbe Center for the Study of Creation is a Catholic apostolate based in Mt. Jackson, VA, USA.