Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative, elected body of government. Generally a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government (i.e., hearings, inquiries).

Although some restrict the use of the word parliament to parliamentary systems, it is also commonly used to describe the legislature in presidential systems (i.e. the French parliament), even where it is not in the official name.

Historically, parliaments included various kinds of deliberative, consultative, and judicial assemblies (i.e. the mediaeval parlements).

Etymology

The term is derived from Anglo-Norman parlement, from the verb parler 'talk'. The meaning evolved over time: originally any discussion, conversation, or negotiation (attested around 1100), through various kinds of deliberative or judicial groups, often summoned by the monarch. By 1400, it had come to mean in Britain specifically the British supreme legislature.

Origins

Various parliaments are claimed to be the oldest in the world, under varying definitions:

Parliament (band)

Parliament was a funk band most prominent during the 1970s. Both Parliament and its sister act, Funkadelic, were led by George Clinton.

History

Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop vocal group based at a Plainfield, New Jersey barbershop. The group was formed in the late 1950s and included George Clinton, Ray Davis, Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas. Clinton was the group leader and manager. The group finally had a hit single in 1967 with "(I Wanna) Testify" on Revilot Records. To capitalize, Clinton formed a backing band for a tour, featuring teenage barbershop employee Billy Bass Nelson on bass and his friend Eddie Hazel on guitar, with the lineup eventually rounded out by Tawl Ross on guitar, Tiki Fulwood on drums, and Mickey Atkins on organ.

During a contractual dispute with Revilot, Clinton temporarily lost the rights to the name "The Parliaments", and signed the ensemble to Westbound Records as Funkadelic, which Clinton positioned as a funk-rock band featuring the five touring musicians with the five Parliaments singers as uncredited guests. With Funkadelic as a recording and touring entity in its own right, in 1970 Clinton relaunched the singing group, now known as Parliament, at first featuring the same ten members. Clinton was now the leader of two different acts, Parliament and Funkadelic, which featured the same members but were marketed as creating two different types of funk.

Parliament of Poland

The parliament of Poland consists of an upper house – the Senate – and a lower house, the Sejm. Both houses are accommodated by the Sejm building complex in Warsaw. The parliament itself is without an official name; Poland's constitution refers only to the Sejm and the Senate.

Members of both houses are elected by popular elections, usually held every four years. The Sejm has 460 members, while the Senate has 100 senators. To become law, a bill must first be approved by both houses. The Sejm can override a Senate refusal to pass a bill.

On certain occasions, the Marshal of the Sejm summons the National Assembly that consists of the members of both houses of parliament. Its function is mostly ceremonial in nature and it convenes only occasionally, such as to witness the inauguration of the President. Under exceptional circumstances, the constitution endows the National Assembly with significant responsibilities, such as the power to bring the President before the State Tribunal (impeachment).The leading party is Law and Justice (PiS) with 234 out of 460 seats in Sejm and 61 out of 100 seats in Senate. Debating halls have designated seats for the deputies, senators and the Marshal. Seats are also equipped in voting devices, which deputies and senators use to vote.

Kenneth Kent Mackenzie

Kenneth Kent Mackenzie (1877–1934) was a lawyer and amateur botanist who wrote extensively on the genus Carex in North America. The standard abbreviation Mack. is used for Mackenzie when citing a botanical name.

Taxa

Cyperaceae

He described the following taxa in the family Cyperaceae (sedges); alternative combinations are indented.

Mack (publishing)

Mack (stylised as MACK) is an art and photography publishing house based in Brockley, London, working with established and emerging artists, writers and curators, and cultural institutions – releasing between 20-25 books per year. Mack was founded in 2011 in London by Michael Mack; John Koh, an antiquarian bookseller and entrepreneur; and Jean-Michel Dentand, a digital designer.Mapp (stylised as MAPP) is Mack's digital publishing company.

Details

Mack was founded in 2011 in London by Michael Mack, who previously worked as managing director of Steidl, founding the steidlMACK imprint; John Koh, an antiquarian bookseller and entrepreneur; and Jean-Michel Dentand, a digital designer.

Mack takes part in various book fairs, showcasing new titles, participating in talks, and organising artist book signings. These annual fairs include the NY Art Book Fair, in September; Paris Photo, in November; Rencontres d'Arles, in July; Frankfurt Book Fair; Photobook Bristol and The London Book Fair.

Mack (surname)

Mack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

As If (album)

As If is the sixth studio album by American dance-punk group !!!, released on October 16, 2015 on Warp Records.

Singles

Three official singles have been released from As If: "All U Writers", a 5 1/2 minute (5 minutes on the album) long song featuring vocals from Teresa Eggers, released 28 April 2015. "Freedom '15", a groovy leviathan of a disco track, released 30 July 2015, and features vocals from Yolanda Harris Dancy and Taletha Manor. A lyric video for "Freedom '15" was uploaded 20 August 2015. The third single from the album, "Bam City", was released 30 September 2015, with an accompanying music video. "Ooo", a grooving love song, was released with an accompanying music video on November 16, 2015.

Promotional singles

One promotional single has been released from the As If: "Sick Ass Moon", an "R&B-tinted house track", released with "Freedom '15" on 30 July 2015.

Critical Reception

In a positive review for Exclaim!, Daniel Sylvester called the album "one of the most enjoyable, if schizophrenic, dance albums of the year."