Faith

Faith is confidence or trust in a person or thing; or the observance of an obligation from loyalty; or fidelity to a person, promise, engagement; or a belief not based on proof; or it may refer to a particular system of religious belief, such as in which faith is confidence based on some degree of warrant. The term 'faith' has numerous connotations and is used in different ways, often depending on context.

Etymology

The English word faith is thought to date from 1200–50, from the Middle English feith, via Anglo-French fed, Old French feid, feit from Latin fidem, accusative of fidēs (trust), akin to fīdere (to trust).

Epistemological validity

There is a wide spectrum of opinion with respect to the epistemological validity of faith.

Fideism

Fideism is an epistemological theory which maintains that faith is independent of reason, or that reason and faith are hostile to each other and faith is superior at arriving at particular truths (see natural theology).

Fideism is not a synonym for religious belief, but describes a particular philosophical proposition in regard to the relationship between faith's appropriate jurisdiction at arriving at truths, contrasted against reason. It states that faith is needed to determine some philosophical and religious truths, and it questions the ability of reason to arrive at all truth. The word and concept had its origin in the mid- to late-19th century by way of Catholic thought, in a movement called Traditionalism. The Roman Catholic Magisterium has, however, repeatedly condemned fideism.

Comes

Comes (/ˈkoʊmiːz/ KOH-meez), plural comites (/ˈkɒmɪtiːz/ KOM-i-teez), is the Latin word for "companion", either individually or as a member of a collective known as comitatus, especially the suite of a magnate, in some cases large and/or formal enough to have a specific name, such as a cohors amicorum. The word comes derives from com- "with" + ire "go."

Ancient Roman religion

Comes was a common epithet or title, added to the name (as Catholicism still does with Jesus and much-venerated saints, such as in Our Lady of Lourdes) for a hero or a divinity, as a way to mark a relationship with another divinity.

On Constantine I's coinage, the emperor is declared comes to Sol Invictus, the "Unconquered Sun" conceived of as a god.

Imperially bestowed court titles and various offices of Comites

Historically more significant, Comes became a secular title given to trusted (ex-)courtiers and others, as a mark of imperial confidence. It developed into a formal rank, deriving from the "Companions" of Alexander the Great, and rather equivalent to the Hellenistic Philos (Basilikos) or the paladin title of a Holy Roman Empire knight and a papal official. Thus the title was retained when one was appointed—often promoted—to a post away from court, often in the field or provincial administration. Next, it seemed logical to link it to specific charges calling for an incumbent of high rank, and even to make it part of the official title.

Hearing

Hearing, auditory perception, or audition is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear. Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.

Hearing mechanism

There are three main components of the human ear: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Outer ear

The outer ear includes the pinna, the visible part of the ear, as well as the ear canal which terminates at the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane. The pinna serves to focus sound waves through the ear canal toward the eardrum. Because of the asymmetrical character of the outer ear of most mammals, sound is filtered differently on its way into the ear depending on what vertical location it is coming from. This gives these animals the ability to localize sound vertically. The eardrum is an airtight membrane, and when sound waves arrive there, they cause it to vibrate following the waveform of the sound.

Kenneth Copeland

Kenneth Max Copeland (born December 6, 1936) is one of the leaders of the Charismatic Movement and is an American author, musician, public speaker, and televangelist. Copeland has been strongly identified with preaching a prosperity and abundance message, commonly referred to as the prosperity gospel, which has been criticized by various denominations. His Tarrant County, Texas-based Kenneth Copeland Ministries (KCM) advocates daily application of the "Word of God", meaning the Bible. KCM is a teaching ministry that specializes in biblical teaching that focuses on faith, love, healing, prosperity and restoration through diverse media, such as television, books, CD and DVD. KCM's motto is Jesus is Lord based upon Romans 10:9.

Early life and education

Kenneth Max Copeland was born on December 6, 1936, in Lubbock, Texas, and raised in West Texas near a United States Army Air Forces airfield, which inspired him to become a pilot. His parents were A.W. and Vinita Pearl (née Owens) Copeland, who stayed married, until his mother's death in 1988.

Faith Comes By Hearing

Faith Comes By Hearing is an international audio Bible recording company. It is run by a not-for-profit organization and has audio Bibles available in over 920 languages, mostly the New Testament. The organization has a four star Charity Navigator Rating. The Chairman of the Board for the organization is Murray J. Crawford, and its president is founder Gerald (Jerry) Jackson.

History

The ministry, which began under the name "Hosanna", was founded in 1972 by Jerry Jackson and his wife Annette Jackson as a library that lent tapes geared towards Christian themes and ideas provided by various teachers. The idea for producing audio Bibles came from a missionary visit of theirs to a Hopi Indian reservation, where they discovered that Bibles translated into the Hopi language were not being used due to chronic illiteracy. It entered the international marketplace in 1986, when the ministry began working with several Haitian missionaries to record a Creole translation of the Bible. From 1986 forward the ministry used revenues as well as donations to record translations of the Bible into hundreds of different languages. In 1991 its first international recording office opened in Ghana. The recordings use dramatic effects, including sound effects and music. The organization works with several Bible translators and distributors.