- published: 16 Jan 2014
- views: 60923
The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, is a large, multiple-armed starfish (or seastar) that usually preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns sea star receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the Biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest sea stars in the world.
A. planci has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region.
The body form of the crown-of-thorns starfish is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish, with a central disk and radiating arms. Its special traits, however, include being disc-shaped, multiple-armed, flexible, prehensile, and heavily spined, and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass. Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm. In being multiple-armed, it has lost the five-fold symmetry (pentamerism) typical of starfish, although it begins with this symmetry in its life cycle.
According to three of the canonical Gospels a woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the Crucifixion of Jesus. It was one of the instruments of the Passion, employed by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority. It is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew (27:29), Mark (15:17), and John (19:2, 5) and is often alluded to by the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others.
In later centuries, relics believed by many to be all or part of the Crown of Thorns have been venerated.
Christian writers associated thorns with the Fall of Man, following God's pronouncement to Adam that "thorns also and thistles shall [the ground] bring forth to thee" (Genesis 3:18, KJV). They have also seen a shadow of Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac, which was averted by the appearance of a ram caught "by its horns in the thicket" (Genesis 22:13, NAB) — i.e.,with thorns around its head. Like Jesus, the ram subsequently became a substitutionary sacrifice.
The venomous thorn-like spines that protect this starfish are the least of our problems - this species is destroying coral reefs in many parts of the world due to an imbalance in the oceans - find out more in this video.
Despite a new, potent injectable to help divers kill record numbers of Crown of Thorns Starfish, the plague continues to eat huge swathes of the Great Barrier Reef down to white skeletons. Reporter Anja Taylor visits some QLD scientists working on creative ways of controlling their numbers, from robot starfish terminators to the terrifying smell of giant underwater snails.
Hordes of Crown-of-Thorns starfish can devour coral reefs. The Crown-of-Thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) feeds on coral. Low numbers of this starfish increase reef diversity, but large numbers can destroy reefs. Avoiding human activities that increase starfish numbers is more effective than trying to control Crown-of-Thorns outbreaks once they happen. A DVD of over 30 Microdocs can be purchased at http://ggfilms.com/products-page/
Researchers at AIMS are currently investigating the mechanisms that drive Crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef and how they might be controlled. One project, part of the Australian Government's National Landcare Initiative Reef Rescue Program, is looking into the potential for natural predators to be used to control COTS numbers. The giant triton, a large marine snail, is a known natural predator of COTS. Using its well-developed sense of smell, a giant triton is able to locate and pursue a COTS, eventually catching, killing and eating it. However, COTS also have a keen sense of smell, and can sense when a giant triton is near. Read more about the project here: http://www.aims.gov.au/docs/media/featured-content/-/asset_publisher/Ydk18I5jDwF7/content/the...
Help us save the Great Barrier Reef. Your donation will support our research on containing the Crown of Thorns Starfish outbreaks that devastate the Reef: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Help-the-Reef Since 1980, Australia's Great Barrier Reef has lost half its coral. The main causes are storm damage and COTS. We can’t stop the storms, but we can promote coral recovery by containing COTS. Further research is required on causal factors and methods of control. The Australian Museum’s Lizard Island Research Station is ideally located for COTS research and has hosted significant discoveries, such as the new single-shot injection technique shown in the video above. It is expensive to maintain first-rate marine research facilities on a remote tropical island. Visiting scientists contribute as ...
The Pacific triton (Charonia tritonis, also known as the “giant triton”) is a large marine snail that inhabits coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. They feed on echinoderms, and are particularly fond of crown-of-thorns starfish, a coral-eating starfish that occurs in outbreak proportions on the Great Barrier Reef and elsewhere. Despite the COTS sharp spines and having a highly toxic coating (saponin), tritons are highly effective COTS hunters, as shown in this video, taken at AIMS' Townsville facility. For more information on AIMS research into the Pacific triton and COTS, head to: http://ow.ly/dRV3302yKns
Crown of thorns starfish are responsible for more than half of all coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef. Scientists are looking for ways to use their natural enemy, the giant triton, to disperse the starfish. Source: AIMS http://ow.ly/nKjZ303uQp6
Simon goes for a dive looking for crown of thorns starfish, and they really live up to their name. But the danger they pose to the Great Barrier Reef means that conservationists must resort to drastic measures to protect the delicate coral and ecosystems. Subscribe to the BBC Worldwide channel: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=BBCWorldwide BBC Worldwide Channel: http://www.youtube.com/BBCWorldwide This is a channel from BBC Worldwide who help fund new BBC programmes.
Day 2 entire sequence. Giant Triton (Charonia tritonis) attacks and consumes Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) on Beaver Reef (Mission Beach, Australia) in 2002. Filmed by Kylie and video courtesy of Big Blue Office. Thanks also to Quick Cat Cruises, Mission Beach. https://www.change.org/p/science-hunt-for-food-not-trophies http://www.avaaz.org/en/petition/The_Giant_Triton_Charonia_tritonis_listed_on_CITES/?czUdvdb
SUMMARY: To encourage home cooks to grow their own food, we have discovered an eco-friendly fertilizer that doubles plant yield and minimizes pest resistance, while creating a livelihood program for Asia-Pacific fisherfolk. This fertilizer is made from harvested Crown of Thorns Starfish, a dangerous pest that feeds on the coral reefs of APAC oceans. Home cooking and food preparation isn’t just about modern city/suburban homes - some of the largest problems in home cooking come from the people who actually make the food we eat. Take the thousands of farmers across the Philippines, who farm food for themselves and the country’s, but often lack access to chemical fertilizers that can make their crop-yield resilient and competitive. Yet the answers to problems like these don’t always com...
To celebrate World Tourism Day, we want to showcase the people dedicated to conserving the world’s greatest reef system. These are our Reef Warriors: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwsOom-PMbdXMvpBIQUqhR9Xvl0NojpvR Armed with only scuba suits and syringes, an army of divers led by Col McKenzie, is taking on one of the biggest threats to the Great Barrier Reef - the Crown of Thorns Starfish (CoTS) - one shot at a time. In healthy numbers Crown of Thorns Starfish are essential to the Great Barrier Reef, consuming fast growing corals allowing slower growing corals to develop. But, left unchecked, one CoTS has the potential to devour large coral outcrops. Thanks to a new culling technique, which sees the starfish injected with bile salts from cattle, Col McKenzie and his team at A...
The crown of thorns starfish is one of the Great Barrier reefs main reasons the Great Barrier Reef is bleached and dying
A giant sea snail could be the answer to getting rid of coral-eating starfish from the Great Barrier Reef, Myles Gough reports. Australian researchers are investigating whether the scent of a natural predator can help repel millions of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) from corals on the Great Barrier Reef.
Crown-of-thorns starfish are marine invertebrates that feed on coral Crown-of-thorns Starfish / Dornenkronenseestern (Acanthaster planci) Umm El-Sid - Dahab - Egypt http://www.nemodahab.com/behind-the-mask
Seminar title: Coral disease: the emerging legacy of cyclones, crown of thorns starfish predation and climate change Presented by: Bette Willis Date: Tuesday Friday 4th July 2014 Seminar type: CoralCoE symposium Presentation given at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies 2014 Symposium: The Future of Coral Reefs. Biography: Bette is a Program Leader in the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and a Professor in the School of Marine and Tropical Biology at James Cook University. Her research addresses questions relating to the health of reef corals in an era of climate change and increasing anthropogenic impacts. Her current research strives to understand inter-kingdom symbiotic partnerships that underpin coral health, factors driving outbreaks of coral disease, a...
Alex Dempsey, a Coral Reef Ecologist with the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, travels around the world on the Global Reef Expedition conducting research on Crown of Thorns Starfish, their patterns of outbreak, and the damage they do to coral reefs. Outbreaks of COTS have decimated reefs across the Indo-Pacific, but very little is known about what causes an outbreak or where the predatory starfish come from, or even if the starfish are all one species or two. Join Alex to find out more about Crown of Thorns Starfish outbreaks and how they impact the health and resiliency of coral reefs. Social Media: @LivingOceansFdn Presentation: Crown of Thorns Starfish: Voracious Villains of Coral Reefs Coral reefs are among one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the plan...
Seminar title: Recent advances and knowledge gaps in crown-of-thorns sea star Seminar type: CoralCoE seminar series Presented by: Jairo Rivera Date: Thursday, 28 February 2013 Abstract: Outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns sea star (COTS), Acanthaster planci, represent one of the most significant biological disturbances on coral reefs and remain one of the principal causes of widespread decline in live coral cover in the GBR. Control of COTS outbreaks may be the most immediate and effective mechanism by which to reverse sustained declines in the abundance of live coral cover, thereby maximizing opportunities for coral reef organisms to resist and adapt to sustained and ongoing threats from climate change and other more direct anthropogenic disturbances. However, previous control measures have...
Giant Triton eats Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Days1 and 2 Beaver Reef, GBR). Video courtesy Big Blue Office 2002
Seminar title: Environmental influences on the reproductive, larval, and postsettlement biology of the crown-of-thorns starfish Seminar type: PhD confirmation of candidature seminar Presented by: Ciemon Caballes Date: Friday 6th of September 2013 Abstract: Outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, represent one of the most significant biological disturbances on coral reefs and remain one of the principal causes of widespread decline in live coral cover in Indo-Pacific reefs. In the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), for example, predation by A. planci accounted for 42% of substantial declines in coral cover in the past 27 years. Increasing frequency and intensity of outbreak episodes have resulted in progressively slower recovery, which consequently degrades the integrity of r...
This video provides: Detailed guidance on equipment assembly for each injection gun related to the two endorsed injection solutions for crown-of-thorns starfish on the Great Barrier Reef. How to prepare the two different injection solutions: bile salts and sodium bisulphate. Where to inject the starfish, the shelf-life of each solution and its effectiveness.
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe From cardboard coffins to compost, a group of environmentalists are carving a greener path to the great hereafter. With the venomous Crown of Thorns starfish decimating Australia's Barrier Reef, hope comes from a surprising source. How did an international agreement signed in 1987 successfully protect humans and the earth's ecosystems? At Al Jazeera English, we focus on people and events that affect people's lives. We bring topics to light that often go under-reported, listening to all sides of the story and giving a 'voice to the voiceless.' Reaching more than 270 million households in over 140 countries across the globe, our viewers trust Al Jazeera English to keep them informed, inspired, and entertained. Our impartial, fact-based rep...
สารคดี โลกที่ไร้ความกลัว ตอน แนวปะการังที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก - ชื่อเรียก : เกรท แบริเออร์ รีฟ (Great Barrier Reef) หรือที่เรียกว่า แนวปะการังยักษ์ - สถานที่ตั้ง : แหลมเคปยอร์ค รัฐควีนแลนด์(Queensland) ประเทศออสเตรเลีย(Australia) - ประกอบไปด้วย : ปะการังกว่า 2,900 ชนิด รวมตัวกันเป็นกลุ่มก้อน เป็นเกาะ กว่า 900 จุด โดยทอดตัวเป็นแนวยาวกว่า 2,600 กิโลเมตร กินอาณาบริเวณกว่า 344,400 ตารางกิโลเมตร - ได้รับการคัดเลือกจาก UNESCO เป็นมรดกโลก (World Heritage List) - ได้รับการคัดเลือกจาก CNN ให้เป็น 1 ใน 7 สิ่งมหัศจรรย์ของโลก ทางธรรมชาติ - แนวปะการังยักษ์ นี้ได้รับการปกป้องดูแลโดย Great Barrier Reef Marine Park เพื่อดูแลปริมาณนักท่องเที่ยว การใช้ประโยชน์ต่างๆ - ขณะนี้แนวปะการังยักษ์ กำลังถูกคุกคามจาก crown-of-thorns starfish(ปลาดาวชนิดหนึ่งมีหนามแหลม) เข้ากัดกินแนวปะการังอย่างหนัก เนื่องจากการเปลี่ยนแปลง...
Dr Robert Endean 1925-1996, the controversial former Reader in Zoology at University of Queensland, Brisbane. MORE: http://CoralSeaOz.blogspot.com.au "Crown of Thorns starfish" (Acanthaster planci).
[Speaking:]
It's 2005
I'm 'bout to blow some heads off, man
I got so much shit 'bout to hit these dudes, man
Feast (?) classic, Juju Mob classic, y'know I mean?
My team is comin', Good Hands
[Verse 1:]
Yo, I give it to you straight, never speak fakely
Shareef T lace it, they say he's crazy
I'm only Lost Cauze when I got the .380
This is my costume, no moniker to make you eat daisies
None needed, son weeded
For some reason, on the mic I become some demon
Other emcees eat they lungs even
You think not? Come see 'em
From the stage you will run fleein'
I need more cowbell, throw in your towels
You make the crowd swell with bottles
Thrown at you, I'm the grave robber, throne snatcher
Don't matter, I attack like throat cancer
You can't rap, but you's a dope dancer
A hype man, go adjust my mic stand
I roll with ???, who love to make your life stop
You've been dismissed, go home and get your shine box
[Chorus:]
[Echo:] It's the Cauze, it's the Cauze...
[Scratch: KRS-One] Emcees act like they don't know
[Scratch: 50 Cent] I'm the underground king, and I ain't been crowned
[Scratch: Styles P] Motherfuckers hit your knees and just pray to the Lord
[Verse 2:]
No pimp cup, no gators (?)
No trucker hat, no blazer
I'm from the city that spawned Joe Frasier
Bernard Hopkins, stay the fuck out of my zone, haters
Now I'm no Messiah, I'm no savior
But when the mic's in my clutch there's no greater
It's like a vato loco with no razor
A black man's Kool Aid with no flavor
ESPN with no Raiders
Or the Lost Cauze out for sale with no takers
That movie +Tron+ with no lasers
An episode of +Oz+ with no rapers
The X Games with no skaters
You get the gist; my only exercise is sit and twist
I'm just as quick as Michael Vick
Cuz I'm getting' blitzed like a three-four defense
Won't be tackled in the Three Four Precinct
[Chorus]
[Verse 3:]
I'm the omen in rhyme form
You soft as nylon
I spit hot fire like Dilawn, Dilawn, Dilawn
Mind gone from buds 's big as pine cones
The Lost Cauze is a motherfucking cyclone
Get caught in my path, and I divide homes
You don't want to die, homes
I talk with my nine chrome
He's highly upset
Rush the stage with pure rage if you deny me a set
I ain't playin', dog
This is beast music, this is Reef music
Treat your face like bongos, this the beat movement
Daddy-yo the beat bruiser, leave your teeth looser
You'll be foolish to not cop that +Feast+, stupid
Cuz this a banger-banger, cock the thing and bang ya
Danger, danger, one remains in the chamber
Hot wire hanger, bash your face in
Now go fuck yourself like masturbation
The father of this bastard nation
I'm hard like chemistry and math equations
Leave your face full of holes like the mask of Jason
I'm past the waitin', getting at these bastards hatin'
I'm sicker than a faggot Hatian filling his veins with H hits
My gun plastic like some fake tits (Nigga!)
I don't make hits, I just crap classics that make you want to break shit
you fake bitch!
Bleh! Bleh! Bleh! Bleh! Bleh!
[Talking]
White Boy 1: Everybody's always talking about the legends, they talking
about Biggie and Pac (White Boy 2: Yeah, fuck those two) and Pun and Big L
No one's talking about the real legends (WB2: Hell yeah)
The guys on top right now (WB2: Hell yeah)
I'm talking about the Sages (WB2: Sage? Sage is down with the Klan!)
The Aesops, ??? Combustion right here, are you kidding me?
[WB3:] (Old school rap is doo doo, dude, it's garbage)
He's the next big thing, listen to him
[WB3:] I need, like, beats that don't even sound like beats
[WB1:] Yeah, exactly, they should be like “ERr Err err err”
[WB3:] Who wants to dance anymore anyways?
[WB2:] It's the blacks
[WB3:] Yo, yo, rip that shit Combustion
[Combustion: Rapping]
Yo, yo, yo, yo
My rhyme style you can't even measure
Cuz I flow like Helium (WB2: Mmm) at 40 times atmospheric pressure (WB2:
Here he goes)
I'm super fluid nice, can't rap but I can almost write (WB2: Uh ha)
Can't fight but I can almost bite
Hate Bush cuz he's stealing my rights
Actually I just like to gripe (WB2: West Hartford, what!) because my skin is
white
I hate my dad, see, cuz he don't like
Paying for me to sit on my ass and smoke this pipe (WB2: Go John)
That's what I do because I'm so bored
Got this super silver haze weed that you can't afford (WB2: Connecticut!)
And I'm crazy fly like the Wright Brothers
Nerd rapper of the yo, yo, yo man like Tom and Dick's mothers
Might be ??? ugly, but I'm “Mister Lover Lover”
[Black A&R;:]
Man, that shit is corny, man. Ok?
Let me tell you somethin'
My artist Corleone Capone from Big Dog Entertainment (Barks)
He gon' eat yo' shit...
Ay, Corleone, tells these niggaz how the street, hood, y'know'm sayin'
Rich, big time, killa crack niggaz do it
[Corleone:]
Yo, yo this young Corleone Capone a force of AKA Real Clinton
y'feel what I'm sayin'?
[Rapping:] Yo, I cop the coke, pop the toast
Keep a bottle of Cris to pop and toast
Cook the crack, cut the crack, I sell the crack
I love the crack! Then I mix and I got crack, nigga
Keep a gat that'll put it in your back, nigga
Four shots you'll be layin' out flat, nigga, OH!
Pop the top, drop the top
Cop a grip, chop the block
About to cop the block, the block is hot
The block is a block that block the blocks, OH! Feel me?!
I rock the rocks, that rock the rocks
Then drop the drop, cop the shot, the pop...
I got shots for tops, niggaz!
[Talking: with A&R; talking shit in the background]
Young Corleone Capone a force of AKA Real Clinton, y'know'm sayin'?
JFK Jr. of this rap shit, y'know'm sayin'?
I got bricks comin' out my ass, nigga, y'know'm sayin'?
I sleep bricks, nigga, y'know'm sayin'?