- published: 07 Nov 2016
- views: 314
Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.
The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.
Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old East Norse, Old West Norse, and Old Gutnish. Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them. For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway, although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden. Most speakers spoke Old East Norse in what is present day Denmark and Sweden. Old Gutnish, the more obscure dialectal branch, is sometimes included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It developed its own unique features and shared in changes to both other branches.
Old or OLD may refer to:
The Word "Ragnarok" in Old Norse
Reading Old Norse Manuscripts: Tips & Tricks
Old Norse Lesson 1: Introducing the Language
Old Norse vs. Modern Icelandic
The Lord's Prayer in Old Norse
Old Norse and Old English
Learn to Pronounce Old Norse in 2 Min.
Old Norse: Languages of the World: Introductory Overviews
Pronunciation of Old Norse Gods' Names
"I love you" in Old Norse
A look at the word "Ragnarok" in Old Norse: its variant forms and what they mean. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language with this step-by-step video series: https://www.youtube.com/play...
A look at some of the abbreviations and symbols used in writing Old Norse manuscripts like the Codex Regius. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language with this step-by-step video series: h...
What is Old Norse? How old is it? How is it related to English and the other languages of Northern Europe? In this first video of a planned series, Dr. Jackson Crawford (UC Berkeley) sets out what you need to know about the language in order to appreciate what's written in it. Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusi...
Is Modern Icelandic the same thing as Old Norse? Is it even possible for a language to undergo no change? A linguist who has taught both languages offers some thoughts. Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the...
I made this after browing Youtube for videos in Old Norse and noticed that there was a more than average amount of videos of the Lord's Prayer in Old English, so I decided to make my own. I'm not sure if the pronunciation is completely correct, but I tried my best. The background music is the World Trade Center movie theme by Craig Armstrong. Text: Faþer vár es ert í himenríki, verði nafn þitt hæilagt Til kome ríke þitt, værði vili þin sva a iarðu sem í himnum. Gef oss í dag brauð vort dagligt Ok fyr gefþu oss synþer órar, sem vér fyr gefom þeim er viþ oss hafa misgert Leiðd oss eigi í freistni, heldr leys þv oss frá öllu illu.
Were Old Norse and Old English close enough for a Viking and an early medieval Englishman to understand each other? A linguist offers some thoughts. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse langua...
If you only have 2 minutes to learn the basics, this video will help you avoid the most common mistakes people make. For a more detailed, letter by letter guide, see this older video: https://youtu.be/4rajv8BSzRI Note that this video uses reconstructed medieval pronunciation, not Modern Icelandic pronunciation. For more on the differences between Old Norse and Modern Icelandic, see: https://youtu.be/5_T5jxWyxk8 Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Supp...
Alexander Arguelles presents a series of videos to provide introductory overviews of the languages of the world. Working diachronically through various language families in turn, he demonstrates how to identify each language, translates a text sample to show how it works, and discusses its genetic affiliation and cultural context. For further information about the series, please refer to http://www.foreignlanguageexpertise.com/
(expanded Old Norse pronunciation guide: https://youtu.be/4rajv8BSzRI ) Below are the names I say in the video, in the form they're written in my translation, in Old Norse, in IPA, and then in rough English pronunciation. Odin, Óðinn, [ˈo:.ðin:], "OWE-thin" Thor, Þórr, [θο:r:], "thore" Frey, Freyr, [frøyr], "froyr" Freyja, [ˈfrøy.ja], "FROY-yah" Njorth, Njǫrðr, [ˈnjɔrðr], "NYOR-thrr" Heimdall, Heimdallr, [ˈheim.dal:r], "HAME-doll-rr" Balder, Baldr, [ˈbaldr], "BALD-rr" Hoth, Hǫðr, ['hɔðr], "HAWTH-rr" Loki, ['lo.ki], "LOW-key" Asgard, Ásgarðr, ['ɔ:s.garðr], "AWS-garth-rr" Midgard, Miðgarðr, ['mið.garðr], "MYTH-garth-rr" Hel, [hεl], "hell" Valhalla, Valhǫll, ['val.hɔl:], "VALL-haul" -accent is off in video Valkyrie, Valkyrja, ['val.kyr.ja], "VALL-keur-yah" -accent is off in video The AMA t...
The most-requested phrase in Old Norse (presented here with reconstructed medieval, not Modern Icelandic, pronunciation). "Ek ann þér" (note that the letter "þ" in the last word is not a "p" but a unique letter for the "th"-sound). Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation reques...
Get your free audiobook or ebook: http://yazz.space/sabk/35/en/B001E0R69S/info This book offers the first account of Old Norse syntax for almost a hundred years and the first ever in a non-scandinavian language. The language of the Vikings and of the Old Icelandic sagas is the best documented medieval Germanic language and the author is able to present a comprehensive analysis of its syntax and overviews of its phonology and morphology. He supports his analyses with examples taken from Norwegian and Icelandic manuscript editions. Professor Faarlund's approach is descriptive, in a generative framework with a minimum of technical detail. He includes a complete bibliography of Old Norse syntax.the book is intended for advanced students and scholars of historical linguistics, Germanic and Scan...
Get your free audiobook or ebook: http://skyble.space/sabk/35/en/B00B6081ZO/trial Consisting of more than 70 papers written by scholars concerned with pre-christian Norse religion, the articles discuss subjects such as archaeology, art history, historical archaeology, history, history of ideas, theological history, literature, onomastics, Scandinavian languages, and Scandinavian studies. The interdisciplinary aim of the book brings together text-based and material-based researchers to improve scholarly exchange and dialogue and provide a variety of contributions that elucidate topics such as worldview and cosmology, ritual and religious practice, myth and memory, as well as reception and present-day use of old Norse religion.
Get your free audiobook or ebook: http://skyble.space/sabk/35/en/B007REXS24/trial Whether they focus on Thor's powerful hammer, the wailing Valkyrie, the palatial home of the gods Asgard or ravenous wolves and fierce elemental giants, the Norse myths are packed with rowdy incident. But at the centre of their cosmos stands a gnarled old ash tree, Yggdrasil, from which all distances and times are measured. When the old tree creaks, Ragnarok the end of the world and of the gods themselves is at hand. It is from this tree that Odin, father of the gods, hanged himself in search of the wisdom of the dead: a disturbing image of divine sacrifice far removed from the feasting and fighting of his otherworld home, Valhalla. And an image so problematic for thirteenth century Christians that they left ...
I decided to make a new viking ambient music (norse viking music) so This time I imagined old scandinavian god called "Óðinn" now Odin. You can feel this cold breath of Odin on this music's background theme. I hope you like it so please subscribe for more this type of music :) Enjoy ;) Composed by Çağatay Kılıç All rights reserved © Çağatay Kılıç
Get your free audiobook or ebook: http://skyble.space/sabk/35/en/B00RKS7AFI/trial The study of Old Norse religion is a truly multidisciplinary and international field of research. The rituals, myths, and narratives of pre-christian Scandinavia have been studied and interpreted in detail relying mainly on Christian Icelandic literature from the Middle Ages. Here, Anders Andrén offers a long-term perspective on Old Norse cosmology and argues that the fundamental ideas of an ordered universe, time, and space in Old Norse religion can be studied in a dialogue between archaeology and the Icelandic narrative tradition. Ideas about the world tree, middle earth, and the sun can be traced in images and material culture from Scandinavian prehistory. By combining the prehistoric representations with ...
Get your free audiobook or ebook: http://yazz.space/sabk/35/en/B00HN9IV70/info The nornir or norns were a group of female supernatural beings closely related to ideas about fate in Old Norse tradition. Karen Bek-pedersen provides a thorough understanding of the role played by norns and other beings like them in the relevant sources. Although they are well known, even to people who have only a superficial knowledge of Old Norse mythology, this is the first detailed discussion of the norns to be published amongst the literature dealing with Old Norse beliefs. Surprisingly little has been written specifically about the norns. Although often mentioned in scholarship treating Old Norse culture, the norns are all too often dealt with in overly superficial ways. The research presented in this boo...
The aptrganga or "again-walker" is a zombie-like undead creature that preys on the living in the Sagas of the Icelanders. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language with this step-by-step v...
A shorter, more basic video that summarizes the same material: https://youtu.be/rjKLt7Qwag0 In this video, Dr. Jackson Crawford presents a letter-by-letter tour through the vowels and consonants that will teach you how to pronounce Old Norse words and names more authentically. Many textbooks and internet sources use Modern Icelandic pronunciation in Old Norse, but this video uses reconstructed pronunciation for Old Norse from the period when the sagas and Eddas were written down, in roughly the thirteenth century AD. With minor adjustments this pronunciation would be fairly similar to that of the Viking Age in most dialects. Note that some textbooks and internet sources will use the letter Ö ö to represent "hook-O" and often "slash-O" (Ø ø) too. This is often done both because Ö ö is ea...
(this video cuts off at the end, but is essentially complete) Moving on from pronunciation, this video presents an introduction to how noun inflection works in Old Norse. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Lear...
This video gives a basic overview of how verbs work, and introduces the "a-type" weak verbs. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language with this step-by-step video series: https://www.youtu...
See below for the runes and their names. Dr. Jackson Crawford introduces the Younger Futhark, the runic alphabet that was actually in use during the Old Norse period, and offers a brief tutorial on which letters represent which sounds in Old Norse. Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including tra...
My first video for the new channel: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBluFfAHHEdAQbt7sJVl5Ug
Dr. Jackson Crawford presents an introduction to the Old Norse poem Hávamál, attributed to the god Odin, with readings from its five sections in both Old Norse and English, as well as from his unique Cowboy Hávamál. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts,...
Whether you've learned Old Norse grammar from Jackson Crawford's videos or somewhere else, the first video in Unit 2 of the Old Norse lesson series focuses on teaching you how to read Old Norse better, which starts with using dictionaries effectively. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content includin...
This lesson clears up some frequently asked questions about I-Mutation and introduces some nouns that it affects. Support Dr. Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and literature on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content. Dr. Crawford's new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at http://www.amazon.com/Poetic-Edda-Stories-Hackett-Classics/dp/1624663567/ Old Norse Lesson 1 (General Intro.): http://youtu.be/yfWoqIryYa8 Old Norse Lesson 2 (Pronunciation): http://youtu.be/4rajv8BSzRI Old Norse Lesson 3 (Nouns): http://youtu.be/mxzw2kUbC_I Old Norse Lesson 4 (Names): http://youtu.be/JmZBwcBgZhU Old Norse Lesson 5 (The Verb "To Be"): http...
Introduction to strong verbs and review of some critical sound change rules. Dr. Jackson Crawford is an Old Norse specialist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language with this step-by-step video series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?...
Using Old Norse as an example, linguist Dr. Jackson Crawford discusses some of the ways that scholars figure out what extinct languages sounded like. Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist who teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA), and is credited in Disney’s Frozen. His new, contemporary translation of the Poetic Edda—the most important source for the stories of the Norse gods and heroes—is available at https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567 Support Jackson Crawford's educational videos about Old Norse language and myth on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw and get exclusive bonus content including translation requests, rune fonts, and previews of upcoming publications. Learn the Old Norse language...