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Monday, 03 June 2019

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Data segment
Data (disambiguation)
DATA (band)
Communications protocol
Medical protocol
Cryptographic protocol

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Data segment

In computing, a data segment (often denoted .data) is a portion of an object file or the corresponding virtual address space of a program that contains initialized static variables, that is, global variables and static local variables. The size of this segment is determined by the size of the values in the program's source code, and does not change at run time.

The data segment is read-write, since the values of variables can be altered at run time. This is in contrast to the read-only data segment (rodata segment or .rodata), which contains static constants rather than variables; it also contrasts to the code segment, also known as the text segment, which is read-only on many architectures. Uninitialized data, both variables and constants, is instead in the BSS segment.

Historically, to be able to support memory address spaces larger than the native size of the internal address register would allow, early CPUs implemented a system of segmentation whereby they would store a small set of indexes to use as offsets to certain areas. The Intel 8086 family of CPUs provided four segments: the code segment, the data segment, the stack segment and the extra segment. Each segment was placed at a specific location in memory by the software being executed and all instructions that operated on the data within those segments were performed relative to the start of that segment. This allowed a 16-bit address register, which would normally provide 64KiB (65536 bytes) of memory space, to access a 1MiB (1048576 bytes) address space.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Data_segment

Data (disambiguation)

Data is uninterpreted information.

Data or DATA may also refer to:

Data (computing), in computer science, often distinguished from code or software

Data (Euclid), a book by Euclid

Data (moth), a moth genus

Data (Star Trek), a fictional android in the Star Trek universe

Data URI scheme

Design and Technology Academy, a school in San Antonio, Texas, USA

Durham Area Transit Authority, the public transit agency serving Durham, North Carolina, USA

Data, a character in The Goonies

DATA, a diaryltriazine, a class of organic molecules

DATA, a non-governmental organization founded by Bono

Draughtsmen's and Allied Technicians' Association, a defunct British trade union

Data (word), for the word "data" in English

Music

Data Records, a record label

DATA (band), a techno-pop band created by Georg Kajanus

DatA, French electro musician

Data, British drum and bass musician

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Data_(disambiguation)

DATA (band)

DATA were an electronic music band created in the late 1970s by Georg Kajanus, creator of such bands as Eclection, Sailor and Noir (with Tim Dry of the robotic/music duo Tik and Tok). After the break-up of Sailor in the late 1970s, Kajanus decided to experiment with electronic music and formed DATA, together with vocalists Francesca ("Frankie") and Phillipa ("Phil") Boulter, daughters of British singer John Boulter.

The classically orientated title track of DATA’s first album, Opera Electronica, was used as the theme music to the short film, Towers of Babel (1981), which was directed by Jonathan Lewis and starred Anna Quayle and Ken Campbell. Towers of Babel was nominated for a BAFTA award in 1982 and won the Silver Hugo Award for Best Short Film at the Chicago International Film Festival of the same year.

DATA released two more albums, the experimental 2-Time (1983) and the Country & Western-inspired electronica album Elegant Machinery (1985). The title of the last album was the inspiration for the name of Swedish pop synth group, elegant MACHINERY, formerly known as Pole Position.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/DATA_(band)

Communications protocol

In telecommunications, a communications protocol is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. These are the rules or standard that defines the syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.

Communicating systems use well-defined formats (protocol) for exchanging messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communications protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communications as programming languages are to computations.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Communications_protocol

Medical protocol

Medical protocol can refer to:

medical guidelines for a medical treatment. It usually includes a treatment plan, summarized consensus statements and addresses practical issues.

Clinical protocol, which has a more specific meaning. It describes a method to be used in a clinical trial (e.g. of a drug or medical treatment) or a medical research study.

A set of rules followed by providers such as EMTs or nurses. Often considered to be stricter than a guideline, and to carry more weight with the law, but there is no hard evidence to support this view and the terms are usually used interchangeably.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Medical_protocol

Cryptographic protocol

A security protocol (cryptographic protocol or encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences of cryptographic primitives. A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used. A sufficiently detailed protocol includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program.

Cryptographic protocols are widely used for secure application-level data transport. A cryptographic protocol usually incorporates at least some of these aspects:

Key agreement or establishment

Entity authentication

Symmetric encryption and message authentication material construction

Secured application-level data transport

Non-repudiation methods

Secret sharing methods

Secure multi-party computation

For example, Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that is used to secure web (HTTP/HTTPS) connections. It has an entity authentication mechanism, based on the X.509 system; a key setup phase, where a symmetric encryption key is formed by employing public-key cryptography; and an application-level data transport function. These three aspects have important interconnections. Standard TLS does not have non-repudiation support.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Cryptographic_protocol