Pedal

A pedal (from the Latin pes, pedis, meaning 'foot') is a lever activated by one's foot, sometimes called a "foot pedal" (but all pedals are used by a foot). It may specifically refer to:

Transport

Music

Piano pedals

Piano pedals are foot-operated levers at the base of a piano which change the instrument's sound in various ways. Modern pianos usually have three pedals, from left to right, the soft pedal (or una corda), the sostenuto pedal, and the sustaining pedal (or damper pedal). Some pianos omit the sostenuto pedal, or have a middle pedal with a different purpose such as a muting function also known as silent piano.

The development of the piano's pedals is an evolution that began from the very earliest days of the piano, and continued through the late nineteenth century. Throughout the years, the piano had as few as one modifying stop, and as many as six or more, before finally arriving at its current configuration of three.

The individual pedals

The damper pedal

The damper pedal, sometimes called the sustaining pedal, is used more often than the other pedals, and is placed at the right of the array of pedals, most conveniently accessible to (mostly right-footed) players. The damper pedal raises all the dampers off the strings so that they keep vibrating after a key on the keyboard has been released. In effect, the damper pedal makes every string on the piano a sympathetic string, creating a rich tonal quality; it is probably this effect that lies behind the common saying that the damper pedal is "the soul of the piano". The damper pedal has the secondary function of allowing the player to connect into a legato texture notes that otherwise could not thus be played.

Angle

In planar geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. Angles formed by two rays lie in a plane, but this plane does not have to be a Euclidean plane. Angles are also formed by the intersection of two planes in Euclidean and other spaces. These are called dihedral angles. Angles formed by the intersection of two curves in a plane are defined as the angle determined by the tangent rays at the point of intersection. Similar statements hold in space, for example, the spherical angle formed by two great circles on a sphere is the dihedral angle between the planes determined by the great circles.

Angle is also used to designate the measure of an angle or of a rotation. This measure is the ratio of the length of a circular arc to its radius. In the case of a geometric angle, the arc is centered at the vertex and delimited by the sides. In the case of a rotation, the arc is centered at the center of the rotation and delimited by any other point and its image by the rotation.

Angle (album)

Angle is an album by English jazz pianist Howard Riley, which was released on CBS in 1969 as part of their Realm Jazz Series, and reissued on CD by Columbia in 1999. It features his working trio of that period, with bassist Barry Guy and drummer Alan Jackson. The fully notated "Three Fragments" is a flute-piano duet with Barbara Thompson.

Reception

The Penguin Guide to Jazz notes that "Riley is the only credited composer on the album, which perhaps accounts for its thoughful and rather reserved character."

Track listing

Personnel

References

Glossary of professional wrestling terms

Professional wrestling has accrued a considerable nomenclature through its long existence. Much of it stems from the industry's origins in the days of carnivals and circuses, and the slang itself is often referred to as "carny talk." In the past, wrestlers used such terms in the presence of fans so as not to reveal the worked nature of the business. In recent years, widespread discussion on the Internet has popularized these terms. Many of the terms refer to the financial aspects of pro wrestling in addition to performance-related terms.

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Notes

References