Climate as complex networks

The field of Complex Networks has emerged as an important area of science to generate novel insights into nature of complex systems. The application of the theory to Climate Science is a young and emerging field. , , , To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists model the climate data as Complex Networks.

Unlike most of the real-world networks in which nodes and edges are well defined, nodes in climate networks are identified with the spatial grid points of underlying global climate data set, which is defined arbitrarily and can be represented at various resolutions. Two nodes are connected by an edge depending on the degree of statistical dependence between corresponding pairs of time-series taken from climate data, on the basis of similarity shared in climatic variability.,, The climate network approach enables novel insights into the dynamics of the climate system over many spatial scales., ,

Construction of Climate Networks

Depending upon the choice of nodes and/or edges, climate networks may take many different forms, shapes, sizes and complexities. Tsonis et al introduced the field of complex networks to climate. In their model, the nodes for the network were constituted by a single variable (500 hPa) from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis datasets. In order to estimate the edges between nodes, correlation coefficient at zero time lag between all possible pairs of nodes was estimated. A pair of nodes was considered to be connected, if their correlation coefficient is above a threshold of 0.5.

Climate categories in viticulture

In viticulture, the climates of wine regions are categorised based on the overall characteristics of the area's climate during the growing season. While variations in macroclimate are acknowledged, the climates of most wine regions are categorised (somewhat loosely based on the Köppen climate classification) as being part of a Mediterranean (for example Tuscany), maritime (ex: Bordeaux) or continental climate (ex: Columbia Valley). The majority of the world's premium wine production takes place in one of these three climate categories in locations between the 30th parallel and 50th parallel in both the northern and southern hemisphere. While viticulture does exist in some tropical climates, most notably Brazil, the amount of quality wine production in those areas is so small that the climate effect has not been as extensively studied as other categories.

Influence of climate on viticulture

Beyond establishing whether or not viticulture can even be sustained in an area, the climatic influences of a particular area goes a long way in influencing the type of grape varieties grown in a region and the type of viticultural practices that will be used. The presence of adequate sun, heat and water are all vital to the healthy growth and development of grapevines during the growing season. Additionally, continuing research has shed more light on the influence of dormancy that occurs after harvest when the grapevine essentially shuts down and reserves its energy for the beginning of the next year's growing cycle.

Deep (Niacin album)

Deep is the third studio album from the jazz rock fusion trio Niacin, released in March 2000.

The album is heavily loaded with Billy Sheehan's powerful bass solos and features contributions from guest musicians Glenn Hughes on vocals and Steve Lukather on guitar.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians

Guest musicians

External links

References

Deep (Peter Murphy album)

Deep is the third solo studio album by English musician Peter Murphy. Produced by Simon Rogers, the album was released on 16 January 1990 through RCA and Beggars Banquet Records and features contributions from Murphy's backing band, The Hundred Men.

The album spawned three singles: "The Line Between the Devil's Teeth (And That Which Cannot Be Repeat)", "Cuts You Up" and "A Strange Kind of Love". The track "Cuts You Up" became a modern rock hit in 1990, spending seven weeks at the top of the U.S. charts and crossing over to Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 55. The other singles also charted on Modern Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number 18 and 21, respectively.

Critical reception

Ned Raggett of Allmusic praised the album, stating that "Deep showed Murphy balancing mass appeal and his own distinct art with perfection." He also wrote: " Murphy simply sounds like he's having the time of his life, singing both for the sheer joy of it and for the dramatic power of his commanding voice."

Chevy Woods

Kevin Woods (born May 13, 1981), better known by the stage name Chevy Woods, is an American rapper from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Throughout his career he has been heavily affiliated with rapper Wiz Khalifa and his Taylor Gang record label, also serving as Khalifa's usual hypeman on tour. His first major appearance was on Wiz Khalifa's song "Taylor Gang". Since then he has released various mixtapes such as The Cookout with Khalifa and the Gangland series.

Career

2003–2010: Career beginnings, the formation of Taylor Gang and mixtapes

Chevy Woods first began rapping as a child, saying he and his homies would "take instrumentals and rap over it playin’ around." After graduating high school, he attended Robert Morris University in Pennsylvania, where he began getting passionate about rapping. Woods said it became serious at a point, when he "met this dude who had his mixtapes pressed up and ready to go, passing them out." Woods told him "I wanna get down with that." Then he just started writing, "just doin' it straight paper, straight rappin'" under the name Kev Tha Hustla.

Change!

Change! is the second full-length album by the Black Swans. It is a follow-up to 2004's Who Will Walk in the Darkness with You? and their 2006 EP, Sex Brain. Harp Magazine described the album as a tip of the hat to Charles Simic, the Left Banke, and Fred Neil.

Cover

The cover of the CD release is a painting, "Untitled", by Debbie Porchetti, a member of Arc Industries North Workshop, a branch of Franklin County Board of MRDD. The workshop provides services to 300 adults with developmental challenges and recognize their talents by offering an environment that reinforces their confidence and self-expression. Change! was also released in a limited edition vinyl featuring original, one of a kind artwork by workshop members who applied their expression to 500 blank album sleves.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Jerry DeCicca, except "Blue Moon #9" by DeCicca, Faulkner & Forbes. 

Credits

Musicians

Change (Tears for Fears song)

"Change" is a song by the British band Tears for Fears. Written by Roland Orzabal and sung by bassist Curt Smith, it was the band's fourth single release. It would eventually become the second hit from their debut LP The Hurting (1983) and second UK Top 5 chart hit, following the success of "Mad World". The song also gave Tears for Fears their first charting single in America when it cracked the Billboard Top 100 in August 1983. "Change" was also a big international success, reaching the Top 40 in numerous countries.

Meaning

Song versions

The 7" version of "Change" is the same mix of the song found on The Hurting, but in a slightly edited form. An extended remix of the song is showcased as the lead track on the 12" single. While many copies of the 12" single use the 7" mix of the song as one of the b-sides, some feature an altogether different recording. Although uncredited on the singles themselves, this mix is labeled the "New Version" on the UK cassette release of The Hurting, where it was included as a bonus track. Featuring an alternate set of lyrics, this version actually predates the 7" mix, despite its title.