- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 4852
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This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus. although some chemical digestion of carbohydrates does occur.
Please rate and comment.
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Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: http://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of hollow organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with layers of smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their walls, known as peristalsis. Peristalsis is the force that propels food down the tract.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler components, so they can be absorbed by the body. Basically, carbohydrates such as sugars and starch are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
Digestion starts in the oral cavity where the food is moistened with saliva and chewed, food bolus is formed to facilitate swallowing. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin that can be further processed in the small intestine. Saliva also contains salivary lipase, which starts the process of fat digestion.
The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus by peristalsis into the stomach, the major organ of the GI tract. The stomach produces gastric juice containing pepsin- a protease, and hydrochloric acid which act to digest proteins. At the same time, mechanical churning is performed by muscular contraction of the stomach wall. The result is the formation of chyme - a semi-liquid mass of partially digested food. Chyme is stored in the stomach and is slowly released into the first part of the small intestine – the duodenum. The duodenum receives the following digestive enzymes from accessory organs:
- Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; bile emulsifies fats and makes it easier for lipase to break them down.
- Pancreatic juice from the pancreas. This mixture contains proteases, lipases and amylase and plays major role in digestion of proteins and fats.
The small intestine also produces its own enzymes: peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Intestinal enzymes contribute mainly to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides.
The small intestine is where most of digestion and absorption take place. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream, which in turn delivers them to the rest of the body. In the small intestine, the chyme moves more slowly allowing time for thorough digestion and absorption. This is made possible by segmentation contractions of the circular muscles in the intestinal walls. Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions. This allows a better mixing with digestive juices and a longer contact time with the intestinal walls.
The large intestine converts digested left-over into feces. It absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The bacteria of the colon, known as gut flora, can break down substances in the chyme that are not digestible by the human digestive system. Bacterial fermentation produces various vitamins (B, K) that are absorbed through the walls of the colon.
The semi-solid fecal matter is then stored in the r. until it can be pushed out from the body during a bowel movement.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
- published: 09 Nov 2016
- views: 2455
The Digestive System
Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a person's mouth, the teeth cut, tear, crush and grind food. In the mouth, salivary glands respond to the thought or presence of food by producing a fluid containing mucus and the enzymes amylase and maltase. The tongue then mixes the food and rolls it into a soft ball, called the bolus, which is pushed toward the esophagus. Passing through the esophagus the bolus is dropped into the stomach where gastric glands, one secreting digestive enzymes and the other secreting hydrochloric acid, begin to break the food down into smaller pieces. The stomach wall discharges mucus during this phase to protect itself against the action of the gastric acid. From there the food passes into the small intestine through the phylorus, a sphincter muscle that controls the flow of food. It is in the small intestine where a major part of digestion and absorption occurs. The intestinal wall releases enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Blood and lymph vessels, which supply the small intestine, take away the final products of digestion. The lymphatics transport the fats around the body and finally release them into the bloodstream. Blood takes sugars and amino acids to the liver via the portal vein. The pancreas, like the small intestine, secretes enzymes in an alkaline juice to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also manufactures hormones which regulate the blood sugar level. From the small intestine, the digested food is received by the liver, which manufactures bile for the gall bladder. The gall bladder stores and discharges the bile, which helps to break down fats into minute droplets. Undigested food from the small intestine is then passed into the large intestine. There blood vessels supplying the large intestine carry away water extracted from the undigested waste. After passing through to the large intestine the ileocecal valve prevents digested food from returning to the small intestine. Undigested food is eliminated from the system through the anus.
- published: 04 Aug 2007
- views: 622181
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme.
Next, peristalsis continues in the small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
Peristalsis concludes in the large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. Finally, the remaining waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus.
- published: 11 Mar 2016
- views: 5091
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve the food as the teeth grind and cut it. Food is forced back into the throat, pharynx, by the tongue. Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex. The larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea. Food goes from the larynx to the esophagus. Food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis. The peristaltic wave reaches the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach. The unique muscular structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called "chyme". Chyme exists through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum of the small intestine. The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs in the small intestine. The mucosa secretes enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver. This completes the chemical process of digestion.
The walls are covered with villi, where nutrient absorption takes place. The structure of each villus contains a capillary and lacteal to pick up the digestive nutrients. The nutrients are transported by the blood to all the cells of the body. The undigested food reaches into the ileo-cecal valve and enters the large intestine or colon. The colon absorbs water, manufactures vitamins, produces mucous, and form and expels feces. Mass peristalsis pushes the feces into the rectum which stimulates the defecation reflex.
- published: 25 Aug 2011
- views: 741243
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area.
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Table of Contents
1) Surface Area to the Max! 3:21
2) Mouth to Esophagus 5:23
3) Stomach 6:38
4) Small Intestine 7:55
5) Large Intestine 9:44
References
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071008102334.htm
crash course, biology, anatomy, digestive system, animal, development, digestive tract, nervous system, vertebrate, micro-ecology, microorganism, human, omnivore, acid, enzyme, surface area, mouth, teeth, saliva, nutrient, intestine, salivary amylase, swallow, mastication, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, rugae, gastric juice, pepsin, chyme, duodenum, absorb, secrete, villi, gall bladder, liver, bile, emulsify, fatty acid, cecum, appendix, poop, anal, sphincter Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
- published: 06 Aug 2012
- views: 1161024
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Food Bolus)
Digestion In Buccal Cavity ( Starch Digestion , Ptyalin, The Esophagus (Peristallsis) ,( Function of Esophagus), Esophageal Spincter , 3 Phase Of Gastric Digestine( 1: Cephalic Phase 2: Gastric Phase 3: Intestine Phase , Outline Of Stomach digestion , Digestine In Small Intestine ( 1: Action Of Bile, 2: Pancriatic secretion ) 3 Parts Of Small intestine( 1: Deudenum 2: Jejunum 3:Ilium ) ,Intestine (Function) ; Video by Edupedia World (www.edupediaworld.com). All right reserved.
- published: 08 Sep 2015
- views: 108
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com
Introduction to the Digestive System
The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system”. This system fulfills two of the basic and essential requirements for being alive… Food intake and Waste elimination.
In this video we will be discussing the functions of the Digestive System, the connection with the immune system, the components and accessory organs that make it up, as well as the process of digestion.
Components of The Digestive System
Mouth: To begin the descent into the digestive system it is important to start in the mouth. The mouth is known as the oral, or buccal [buhk-uh l] cavity. The Mouth contains the tongue, teeth and the dangling tissue called the Uvula.
Alimentary Canal: The primary structure of the digestive system is known as the Alimentary Canal. The alimentary canal is a long smooth involuntary muscular tube that begins at the mouth and continues to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, followed by the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus.
This system is accompanied by a number of accessory organs such as the salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
The Process of Digestion
Digestion begins in the mouth with Mastication. Mastication is the mechanical process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.In this first stage of digestion, the food is also being chemically mixed with amylase, [am-uh-leys ] an enzyme contained in the saliva.
At this point the moistened and softened food is called a bolus.
The swallowing action and motion of the tongue, takes the bolus to the first part of its journey, which is the throat or pharynx (which is shared with the respiratory system).
From here it descends via the esophagus by means of a rhythmic wavelike involuntary movement of its muscles. This movement is called peristalsis.
After the esophagus, it passses through the first sphincter muscle, known as the esophageal or the cardiac sphincter. From there, into the stomach or gastr/o.
The stomach, which is a pouch that expands as food enters, secretes hydrochloric acids and other enzymes to further break down the food into what is now called Chyme.
The chyme leaves the stomach via the Pyloric sphincter muscle, and moves into the first section of the small intestine.
The accessory organs we mentioned earlier such as the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas, come into play at this juncture. Here they all secrete bile and pancreatic juice to continue the the job of breaking down the chyme to a fluid that can be absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi. The villi are found throughout the 3 sections of the small intestine. These 3 sections are the duodenum [doo-uh-dee-nuh m, jejunum [ji-joo-nuh m] and the ileum.
The point where the ileum and the colon (large intestine) connect is called the ileocecal valve [il-ee-oh-see-kuh l] . This is the third sphincter muscle.
Food that is not liquefied and absorbed through the small intestine is passed through the ileocecal valve into the large intestine for the purpose of eliminating waste.
Large Intestine (Colon)
The main function of the Large Intestine is to move waste towards the anus, which is the last sphincter muscle of the Alimentary Canal. The first section of the Large Intestine is called the Cecum. The appendix attaches at this junction. The cecum is followed by 4 more sections.
The ascending colon
The transverse colon
The descending colon, and...
The sigmoid colon.
This last section of the colon connects to the rectum. Once the waste is packed into the rectum the urge to have a bowel movement is turned on and the body eliminates the waste through the anus.
One more function of the Large Intestine that we should mention is that it will also absorb any water or nutrient that may have slipped through the small intestine.
Anatomy, Physiology, Digestive System, Digestive, Gastrointestinal, system, villi, colon, large intestine, immune system, mouth, oral, buccal, cavity, uvula, alimentary, canal, alimentary canal, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus, rectum, digestion, salivary, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, gall, bile, amylase, saliva, bolus, swallow, swallowing, peristalsis, esophageal, sphincter, chyme, pyloric, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, ileocecal, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, bowel movement,
- published: 08 Oct 2015
- views: 3143
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Digestion-
Key Purpose: Break Down Food So That Nutrients Can Be Extracted
Overall Analogy provided: Megabus Route = Digestive Tract
Starting Point = Oral Cavity
- Amylase
- Saliva
- Mastication
- Bolus
1st Bus Stop = Esophagus
- Toothpaste being squeezed out of the Toothpaste tube
- Peristaltic contractions
- Bolus
2nd Bus Stop: Stomach
- Cardiac Sphincter (Front Gate)
- Stomach Acid
- Pepsin (protease)
- Chyme
- Pyloric Sphincter (Back Gate)
3rd Bus Stop: Small Intestine
- Further digestion
- Microvilli
- Chyme
- Accessory Organs: Liver(bile), Gall Bladder(storage), Pancreas(reduces acidity)
4th Bus Stop: Large Intestine
- Water absorption
- Fecal Matter
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- published: 04 Feb 2017
- views: 36
Bolus (digestion)
In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, "ball") is a mass of food that (with animals that can chew) has been chewed at the point of swallowing. Under normal circumstances, the bolus then travels down the esophagus to the stomach for digestion.The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bolus has the same colour as the food that has been chewed by the person and is different from chyme. The bolus is a rolled up ball-like structure formed when the animal is about to swallow. Its pH is alkaline because of the presence of saliva.
See also
References
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Bolus_(digestion)
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.
In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Digestion
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Human digestive system
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). In this system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth (oral cavity). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components which can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The secretion of saliva helps to produce a bolus which can be swallowed to pass down the oesophagus and into the stomach.
Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae on the tongue and also from serous glands in the main salivary glands. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular actions of peristalsis and segmentation contractions. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Human_digestive_system
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Large intestine
The large intestine, also called the colon or the large bowel, is the last part of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation.
Terminologia Anatomica, Medscape, and Gray's Anatomy define the large intestine as the combination of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. Other sources, such as Mosby's Medical Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionaries of Medicine and Biology exclude the anal canal. In humans, it begins in the right iliac region of the pelvis, just at or below the waist, where it is joined to the end of the small intestine. It then continues up the abdomen, across the width of the abdominal cavity, and then down to its endpoint at the anus. Overall, in humans, the large intestine is about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long, which is about one-fifth of the whole length of the gastrointestinal tract.
Structure
The colon is the last part of the digestive system in most vertebrates. It extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body and is the site in which flora-aided (large bacterial) fermentation of unabsorbed material occurs. Unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients. About 1.5 litres or 45 ounces of water arrives in the colon each day.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Large_intestine
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Bus stop (disambiguation)
A bus stop is a place, other than a terminal, established for buses to pick up and drop off passengers
Bus Stop may also refer to:
Theatre, film and TV
Film
TV
Music
Songs
References
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Bus_stop_(disambiguation)
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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4:57Digestion in the Mouth
Digestion in the MouthDigestion in the Mouth
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus. although some chemical digestion of carbohydrates does occur. Please rate and comment. Follow me on: Twitter - @herbstscience www.herbstscience.com -
3:51The Digestive System, Animation.
The Digestive System, Animation.The Digestive System, Animation.
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: http://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of hollow organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with layers of smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their walls, known as peristalsis. Peristalsis is the force that propels food down the tract. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler components, so they can be absorbed by the body. Basically, carbohydrates such as sugars and starch are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion starts in the oral cavity where the food is moistened with saliva and chewed, food bolus is formed to facilitate swallowing. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin that can be further processed in the small intestine. Saliva also contains salivary lipase, which starts the process of fat digestion. The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus by peristalsis into the stomach, the major organ of the GI tract. The stomach produces gastric juice containing pepsin- a protease, and hydrochloric acid which act to digest proteins. At the same time, mechanical churning is performed by muscular contraction of the stomach wall. The result is the formation of chyme - a semi-liquid mass of partially digested food. Chyme is stored in the stomach and is slowly released into the first part of the small intestine – the duodenum. The duodenum receives the following digestive enzymes from accessory organs: - Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; bile emulsifies fats and makes it easier for lipase to break them down. - Pancreatic juice from the pancreas. This mixture contains proteases, lipases and amylase and plays major role in digestion of proteins and fats. The small intestine also produces its own enzymes: peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Intestinal enzymes contribute mainly to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides. The small intestine is where most of digestion and absorption take place. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream, which in turn delivers them to the rest of the body. In the small intestine, the chyme moves more slowly allowing time for thorough digestion and absorption. This is made possible by segmentation contractions of the circular muscles in the intestinal walls. Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions. This allows a better mixing with digestive juices and a longer contact time with the intestinal walls. The large intestine converts digested left-over into feces. It absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The bacteria of the colon, known as gut flora, can break down substances in the chyme that are not digestible by the human digestive system. Bacterial fermentation produces various vitamins (B, K) that are absorbed through the walls of the colon. The semi-solid fecal matter is then stored in the r. until it can be pushed out from the body during a bowel movement. All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. -
2:25How the Body Works : The Digestive System
How the Body Works : The Digestive SystemHow the Body Works : The Digestive System
The Digestive System Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a person's mouth, the teeth cut, tear, crush and grind food. In the mouth, salivary glands respond to the thought or presence of food by producing a fluid containing mucus and the enzymes amylase and maltase. The tongue then mixes the food and rolls it into a soft ball, called the bolus, which is pushed toward the esophagus. Passing through the esophagus the bolus is dropped into the stomach where gastric glands, one secreting digestive enzymes and the other secreting hydrochloric acid, begin to break the food down into smaller pieces. The stomach wall discharges mucus during this phase to protect itself against the action of the gastric acid. From there the food passes into the small intestine through the phylorus, a sphincter muscle that controls the flow of food. It is in the small intestine where a major part of digestion and absorption occurs. The intestinal wall releases enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Blood and lymph vessels, which supply the small intestine, take away the final products of digestion. The lymphatics transport the fats around the body and finally release them into the bloodstream. Blood takes sugars and amino acids to the liver via the portal vein. The pancreas, like the small intestine, secretes enzymes in an alkaline juice to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also manufactures hormones which regulate the blood sugar level. From the small intestine, the digested food is received by the liver, which manufactures bile for the gall bladder. The gall bladder stores and discharges the bile, which helps to break down fats into minute droplets. Undigested food from the small intestine is then passed into the large intestine. There blood vessels supplying the large intestine carry away water extracted from the undigested waste. After passing through to the large intestine the ileocecal valve prevents digested food from returning to the small intestine. Undigested food is eliminated from the system through the anus. -
1:01How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract VideoHow Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme. Next, peristalsis continues in the small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. Peristalsis concludes in the large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. Finally, the remaining waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus. -
1:49Human Digestive System
Human Digestive SystemHuman Digestive System
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve the food as the teeth grind and cut it. Food is forced back into the throat, pharynx, by the tongue. Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex. The larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea. Food goes from the larynx to the esophagus. Food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis. The peristaltic wave reaches the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach. The unique muscular structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called "chyme". Chyme exists through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum of the small intestine. The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs in the small intestine. The mucosa secretes enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver. This completes the chemical process of digestion. The walls are covered with villi, where nutrient absorption takes place. The structure of each villus contains a capillary and lacteal to pick up the digestive nutrients. The nutrients are transported by the blood to all the cells of the body. The undigested food reaches into the ileo-cecal valve and enters the large intestine or colon. The colon absorbs water, manufactures vitamins, produces mucous, and form and expels feces. Mass peristalsis pushes the feces into the rectum which stimulates the defecation reflex. -
10:22Digestion project following the food bolus
Digestion project following the food bolus -
11:53The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area. Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC Like Crash Course? http://www.facebook.com/youtubecrashcourse Follow Crash Course: http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Table of Contents 1) Surface Area to the Max! 3:21 2) Mouth to Esophagus 5:23 3) Stomach 6:38 4) Small Intestine 7:55 5) Large Intestine 9:44 References Campbell Biology, 9th ed. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071008102334.htm crash course, biology, anatomy, digestive system, animal, development, digestive tract, nervous system, vertebrate, micro-ecology, microorganism, human, omnivore, acid, enzyme, surface area, mouth, teeth, saliva, nutrient, intestine, salivary amylase, swallow, mastication, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, rugae, gastric juice, pepsin, chyme, duodenum, absorb, secrete, villi, gall bladder, liver, bile, emulsify, fatty acid, cecum, appendix, poop, anal, sphincter Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse -
29:57DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Food Bolus) Digestion In Buccal Cavity ( Starch Digestion , Ptyalin, The Esophagus (Peristallsis) ,( Function of Esophagus), Esophageal Spincter , 3 Phase Of Gastric Digestine( 1: Cephalic Phase 2: Gastric Phase 3: Intestine Phase , Outline Of Stomach digestion , Digestine In Small Intestine ( 1: Action Of Bile, 2: Pancriatic secretion ) 3 Parts Of Small intestine( 1: Deudenum 2: Jejunum 3:Ilium ) ,Intestine (Function) ; Video by Edupedia World (www.edupediaworld.com). All right reserved. -
1:56An Introduction to the Digestive System
An Introduction to the Digestive SystemAn Introduction to the Digestive System
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com Introduction to the Digestive System The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system”. This system fulfills two of the basic and essential requirements for being alive… Food intake and Waste elimination. In this video we will be discussing the functions of the Digestive System, the connection with the immune system, the components and accessory organs that make it up, as well as the process of digestion. Components of The Digestive System Mouth: To begin the descent into the digestive system it is important to start in the mouth. The mouth is known as the oral, or buccal [buhk-uh l] cavity. The Mouth contains the tongue, teeth and the dangling tissue called the Uvula. Alimentary Canal: The primary structure of the digestive system is known as the Alimentary Canal. The alimentary canal is a long smooth involuntary muscular tube that begins at the mouth and continues to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, followed by the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus. This system is accompanied by a number of accessory organs such as the salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The Process of Digestion Digestion begins in the mouth with Mastication. Mastication is the mechanical process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.In this first stage of digestion, the food is also being chemically mixed with amylase, [am-uh-leys ] an enzyme contained in the saliva. At this point the moistened and softened food is called a bolus. The swallowing action and motion of the tongue, takes the bolus to the first part of its journey, which is the throat or pharynx (which is shared with the respiratory system). From here it descends via the esophagus by means of a rhythmic wavelike involuntary movement of its muscles. This movement is called peristalsis. After the esophagus, it passses through the first sphincter muscle, known as the esophageal or the cardiac sphincter. From there, into the stomach or gastr/o. The stomach, which is a pouch that expands as food enters, secretes hydrochloric acids and other enzymes to further break down the food into what is now called Chyme. The chyme leaves the stomach via the Pyloric sphincter muscle, and moves into the first section of the small intestine. The accessory organs we mentioned earlier such as the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas, come into play at this juncture. Here they all secrete bile and pancreatic juice to continue the the job of breaking down the chyme to a fluid that can be absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi. The villi are found throughout the 3 sections of the small intestine. These 3 sections are the duodenum [doo-uh-dee-nuh m, jejunum [ji-joo-nuh m] and the ileum. The point where the ileum and the colon (large intestine) connect is called the ileocecal valve [il-ee-oh-see-kuh l] . This is the third sphincter muscle. Food that is not liquefied and absorbed through the small intestine is passed through the ileocecal valve into the large intestine for the purpose of eliminating waste. Large Intestine (Colon) The main function of the Large Intestine is to move waste towards the anus, which is the last sphincter muscle of the Alimentary Canal. The first section of the Large Intestine is called the Cecum. The appendix attaches at this junction. The cecum is followed by 4 more sections. The ascending colon The transverse colon The descending colon, and... The sigmoid colon. This last section of the colon connects to the rectum. Once the waste is packed into the rectum the urge to have a bowel movement is turned on and the body eliminates the waste through the anus. One more function of the Large Intestine that we should mention is that it will also absorb any water or nutrient that may have slipped through the small intestine. Anatomy, Physiology, Digestive System, Digestive, Gastrointestinal, system, villi, colon, large intestine, immune system, mouth, oral, buccal, cavity, uvula, alimentary, canal, alimentary canal, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus, rectum, digestion, salivary, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, gall, bile, amylase, saliva, bolus, swallow, swallowing, peristalsis, esophageal, sphincter, chyme, pyloric, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, ileocecal, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, bowel movement, -
23:53All About Digestion
All About DigestionAll About Digestion
SUBSCRIBE Now! → http://beatschoolcollege.com/subscribe Check Out Our Website → http://beatschoolcollege.com/ Beat School Book → http://beatschoolcollege.com/studentbook Digestion- Key Purpose: Break Down Food So That Nutrients Can Be Extracted Overall Analogy provided: Megabus Route = Digestive Tract Starting Point = Oral Cavity - Amylase - Saliva - Mastication - Bolus 1st Bus Stop = Esophagus - Toothpaste being squeezed out of the Toothpaste tube - Peristaltic contractions - Bolus 2nd Bus Stop: Stomach - Cardiac Sphincter (Front Gate) - Stomach Acid - Pepsin (protease) - Chyme - Pyloric Sphincter (Back Gate) 3rd Bus Stop: Small Intestine - Further digestion - Microvilli - Chyme - Accessory Organs: Liver(bile), Gall Bladder(storage), Pancreas(reduces acidity) 4th Bus Stop: Large Intestine - Water absorption - Fecal Matter Thanks For Watching Us!! Have Fun Beating School!! Follow Us on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest: @webeatschool
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Digestion in the Mouth
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus. although some chemical digestion of carbohydrates does occur. Please rate and comment. Follow me on: Twitter - @herbstscience www.herbstscience.com
published: 12 Nov 2012 -
The Digestive System, Animation.
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: http://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of hollow organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with layers of smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their wall...
published: 09 Nov 2016 -
How the Body Works : The Digestive System
The Digestive System Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a person's mouth, the teeth cut, tear, crush and grind food. In the mouth, salivary glands respond to the thought or presence of food by producing a fluid containing mucus and the enzymes amylase and maltase. The tongue then mixes the food and rolls it into a soft ball, called the bolus, which is pushed toward the esophagus. Passing through the esophagus the bolus is dropped into the stomach where gastric glands, one secreting digestive enzymes and the other secreting hydrochloric acid, begin to break the food down into smaller pieces. The stomach wall discharges mucus during this phase to protect itself against the action of the g...
published: 04 Aug 2007 -
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme. Next, peristalsis continues in the small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. Peristalsis concludes in the large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. Finally, the remaining waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus.
published: 11 Mar 2016 -
Human Digestive System
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve the food as the teeth grind and cut it. Food is forced back into the throat, pharynx, by the tongue. Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex. The larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea. Food goes from the larynx to the esophagus. Food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis. The peristaltic wave reaches the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach. The unique muscular structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called "chyme". Chyme exists through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum of the small intestine. The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs i...
published: 25 Aug 2011 -
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The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area. Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC Like Crash Course? http://www.facebook.com/youtubecrashcourse Follow Crash Course: http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Table of Contents 1) Surface Area to the Max! 3:21 2) Mouth to Esophagus 5:23 3) Stomach 6:38 4) Small Intestine 7:55 5) Large Intestine 9:44 References Campbell Biology, 9th ed. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071008102334.htm crash course, biology, anatomy, digestive system, animal, development, digestive tract, nervous system, vertebrate, micro-ecology, microorganism, human, omnivore, acid, enzyme, surface area, mouth, teeth, saliva, nutrient, intestine, salivary amylase, swallo...
published: 06 Aug 2012 -
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Food Bolus) Digestion In Buccal Cavity ( Starch Digestion , Ptyalin, The Esophagus (Peristallsis) ,( Function of Esophagus), Esophageal Spincter , 3 Phase Of Gastric Digestine( 1: Cephalic Phase 2: Gastric Phase 3: Intestine Phase , Outline Of Stomach digestion , Digestine In Small Intestine ( 1: Action Of Bile, 2: Pancriatic secretion ) 3 Parts Of Small intestine( 1: Deudenum 2: Jejunum 3:Ilium ) ,Intestine (Function) ; Video by Edupedia World (www.edupediaworld.com). All right reserved.
published: 08 Sep 2015 -
An Introduction to the Digestive System
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com Introduction to the Digestive System The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system”. This system fulfills two of the basic and essential requirements for being alive… Food intake and Waste elimination. In this video we will be discussing the functions of the Digestive System, the connection with the immune system, the components and accessory organs that make it up, as well as the process of digestion. Components of The Digestive System Mouth: To begin the descent into the digestive system it is important to start in the mouth. The mouth is known as the oral, or buccal [buhk-uh l] cavity. The Mouth contains the tongue, teeth and the dangling tissue called the Uvula. Alimentary Canal: The primary structure of...
published: 08 Oct 2015 -
All About Digestion
SUBSCRIBE Now! → http://beatschoolcollege.com/subscribe Check Out Our Website → http://beatschoolcollege.com/ Beat School Book → http://beatschoolcollege.com/studentbook Digestion- Key Purpose: Break Down Food So That Nutrients Can Be Extracted Overall Analogy provided: Megabus Route = Digestive Tract Starting Point = Oral Cavity - Amylase - Saliva - Mastication - Bolus 1st Bus Stop = Esophagus - Toothpaste being squeezed out of the Toothpaste tube - Peristaltic contractions - Bolus 2nd Bus Stop: Stomach - Cardiac Sphincter (Front Gate) - Stomach Acid - Pepsin (protease) - Chyme - Pyloric Sphincter (Back Gate) 3rd Bus Stop: Small Intestine - Further digestion - Microvilli - Chyme - Accessory Organs: Liver(bile), Gall Bladder(storage), Pancreas(reduces acidity) 4th Bus Stop:...
published: 04 Feb 2017
Digestion in the Mouth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 4852
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus....
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus. although some chemical digestion of carbohydrates does occur.
Please rate and comment.
Follow me on:
Twitter - @herbstscience
www.herbstscience.com
https://wn.com/Digestion_In_The_Mouth
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. The mouth's main purpose is to "mush" food into a ball called a bolus. although some chemical digestion of carbohydrates does occur.
Please rate and comment.
Follow me on:
Twitter - @herbstscience
www.herbstscience.com
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 4852
The Digestive System, Animation.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 09 Nov 2016
- views: 2455
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download...
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: http://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of hollow organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with layers of smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their walls, known as peristalsis. Peristalsis is the force that propels food down the tract.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler components, so they can be absorbed by the body. Basically, carbohydrates such as sugars and starch are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
Digestion starts in the oral cavity where the food is moistened with saliva and chewed, food bolus is formed to facilitate swallowing. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin that can be further processed in the small intestine. Saliva also contains salivary lipase, which starts the process of fat digestion.
The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus by peristalsis into the stomach, the major organ of the GI tract. The stomach produces gastric juice containing pepsin- a protease, and hydrochloric acid which act to digest proteins. At the same time, mechanical churning is performed by muscular contraction of the stomach wall. The result is the formation of chyme - a semi-liquid mass of partially digested food. Chyme is stored in the stomach and is slowly released into the first part of the small intestine – the duodenum. The duodenum receives the following digestive enzymes from accessory organs:
- Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; bile emulsifies fats and makes it easier for lipase to break them down.
- Pancreatic juice from the pancreas. This mixture contains proteases, lipases and amylase and plays major role in digestion of proteins and fats.
The small intestine also produces its own enzymes: peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Intestinal enzymes contribute mainly to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides.
The small intestine is where most of digestion and absorption take place. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream, which in turn delivers them to the rest of the body. In the small intestine, the chyme moves more slowly allowing time for thorough digestion and absorption. This is made possible by segmentation contractions of the circular muscles in the intestinal walls. Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions. This allows a better mixing with digestive juices and a longer contact time with the intestinal walls.
The large intestine converts digested left-over into feces. It absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The bacteria of the colon, known as gut flora, can break down substances in the chyme that are not digestible by the human digestive system. Bacterial fermentation produces various vitamins (B, K) that are absorbed through the walls of the colon.
The semi-solid fecal matter is then stored in the r. until it can be pushed out from the body during a bowel movement.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
https://wn.com/The_Digestive_System,_Animation.
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: http://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of hollow organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with layers of smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their walls, known as peristalsis. Peristalsis is the force that propels food down the tract.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler components, so they can be absorbed by the body. Basically, carbohydrates such as sugars and starch are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
Digestion starts in the oral cavity where the food is moistened with saliva and chewed, food bolus is formed to facilitate swallowing. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin that can be further processed in the small intestine. Saliva also contains salivary lipase, which starts the process of fat digestion.
The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus by peristalsis into the stomach, the major organ of the GI tract. The stomach produces gastric juice containing pepsin- a protease, and hydrochloric acid which act to digest proteins. At the same time, mechanical churning is performed by muscular contraction of the stomach wall. The result is the formation of chyme - a semi-liquid mass of partially digested food. Chyme is stored in the stomach and is slowly released into the first part of the small intestine – the duodenum. The duodenum receives the following digestive enzymes from accessory organs:
- Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; bile emulsifies fats and makes it easier for lipase to break them down.
- Pancreatic juice from the pancreas. This mixture contains proteases, lipases and amylase and plays major role in digestion of proteins and fats.
The small intestine also produces its own enzymes: peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Intestinal enzymes contribute mainly to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides.
The small intestine is where most of digestion and absorption take place. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream, which in turn delivers them to the rest of the body. In the small intestine, the chyme moves more slowly allowing time for thorough digestion and absorption. This is made possible by segmentation contractions of the circular muscles in the intestinal walls. Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions. This allows a better mixing with digestive juices and a longer contact time with the intestinal walls.
The large intestine converts digested left-over into feces. It absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The bacteria of the colon, known as gut flora, can break down substances in the chyme that are not digestible by the human digestive system. Bacterial fermentation produces various vitamins (B, K) that are absorbed through the walls of the colon.
The semi-solid fecal matter is then stored in the r. until it can be pushed out from the body during a bowel movement.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
- published: 09 Nov 2016
- views: 2455
How the Body Works : The Digestive System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 04 Aug 2007
- views: 622181
The Digestive System
Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a p...
The Digestive System
Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a person's mouth, the teeth cut, tear, crush and grind food. In the mouth, salivary glands respond to the thought or presence of food by producing a fluid containing mucus and the enzymes amylase and maltase. The tongue then mixes the food and rolls it into a soft ball, called the bolus, which is pushed toward the esophagus. Passing through the esophagus the bolus is dropped into the stomach where gastric glands, one secreting digestive enzymes and the other secreting hydrochloric acid, begin to break the food down into smaller pieces. The stomach wall discharges mucus during this phase to protect itself against the action of the gastric acid. From there the food passes into the small intestine through the phylorus, a sphincter muscle that controls the flow of food. It is in the small intestine where a major part of digestion and absorption occurs. The intestinal wall releases enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Blood and lymph vessels, which supply the small intestine, take away the final products of digestion. The lymphatics transport the fats around the body and finally release them into the bloodstream. Blood takes sugars and amino acids to the liver via the portal vein. The pancreas, like the small intestine, secretes enzymes in an alkaline juice to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also manufactures hormones which regulate the blood sugar level. From the small intestine, the digested food is received by the liver, which manufactures bile for the gall bladder. The gall bladder stores and discharges the bile, which helps to break down fats into minute droplets. Undigested food from the small intestine is then passed into the large intestine. There blood vessels supplying the large intestine carry away water extracted from the undigested waste. After passing through to the large intestine the ileocecal valve prevents digested food from returning to the small intestine. Undigested food is eliminated from the system through the anus.
https://wn.com/How_The_Body_Works_The_Digestive_System
The Digestive System
Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the energy your body needs to perform its many functions. Upon entry into a person's mouth, the teeth cut, tear, crush and grind food. In the mouth, salivary glands respond to the thought or presence of food by producing a fluid containing mucus and the enzymes amylase and maltase. The tongue then mixes the food and rolls it into a soft ball, called the bolus, which is pushed toward the esophagus. Passing through the esophagus the bolus is dropped into the stomach where gastric glands, one secreting digestive enzymes and the other secreting hydrochloric acid, begin to break the food down into smaller pieces. The stomach wall discharges mucus during this phase to protect itself against the action of the gastric acid. From there the food passes into the small intestine through the phylorus, a sphincter muscle that controls the flow of food. It is in the small intestine where a major part of digestion and absorption occurs. The intestinal wall releases enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Blood and lymph vessels, which supply the small intestine, take away the final products of digestion. The lymphatics transport the fats around the body and finally release them into the bloodstream. Blood takes sugars and amino acids to the liver via the portal vein. The pancreas, like the small intestine, secretes enzymes in an alkaline juice to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also manufactures hormones which regulate the blood sugar level. From the small intestine, the digested food is received by the liver, which manufactures bile for the gall bladder. The gall bladder stores and discharges the bile, which helps to break down fats into minute droplets. Undigested food from the small intestine is then passed into the large intestine. There blood vessels supplying the large intestine carry away water extracted from the undigested waste. After passing through to the large intestine the ileocecal valve prevents digested food from returning to the small intestine. Undigested food is eliminated from the system through the anus.
- published: 04 Aug 2007
- views: 622181
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 11 Mar 2016
- views: 5091
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis beg...
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme.
Next, peristalsis continues in the small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
Peristalsis concludes in the large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. Finally, the remaining waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus.
https://wn.com/How_Food_Travels_Through_Digestive_System_Animation_Peristaltic_Movement_In_Digestive_Tract_Video
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme.
Next, peristalsis continues in the small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
Peristalsis concludes in the large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. Finally, the remaining waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus.
- published: 11 Mar 2016
- views: 5091
Human Digestive System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 25 Aug 2011
- views: 741243
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve th...
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve the food as the teeth grind and cut it. Food is forced back into the throat, pharynx, by the tongue. Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex. The larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea. Food goes from the larynx to the esophagus. Food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis. The peristaltic wave reaches the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach. The unique muscular structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called "chyme". Chyme exists through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum of the small intestine. The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs in the small intestine. The mucosa secretes enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver. This completes the chemical process of digestion.
The walls are covered with villi, where nutrient absorption takes place. The structure of each villus contains a capillary and lacteal to pick up the digestive nutrients. The nutrients are transported by the blood to all the cells of the body. The undigested food reaches into the ileo-cecal valve and enters the large intestine or colon. The colon absorbs water, manufactures vitamins, produces mucous, and form and expels feces. Mass peristalsis pushes the feces into the rectum which stimulates the defecation reflex.
https://wn.com/Human_Digestive_System
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body. Food in the mouth is mixed with saliva; saliva begins to dissolve the food as the teeth grind and cut it. Food is forced back into the throat, pharynx, by the tongue. Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex. The larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea. Food goes from the larynx to the esophagus. Food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis. The peristaltic wave reaches the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach. The unique muscular structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called "chyme". Chyme exists through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum of the small intestine. The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs in the small intestine. The mucosa secretes enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver. This completes the chemical process of digestion.
The walls are covered with villi, where nutrient absorption takes place. The structure of each villus contains a capillary and lacteal to pick up the digestive nutrients. The nutrients are transported by the blood to all the cells of the body. The undigested food reaches into the ileo-cecal valve and enters the large intestine or colon. The colon absorbs water, manufactures vitamins, produces mucous, and form and expels feces. Mass peristalsis pushes the feces into the rectum which stimulates the defecation reflex.
- published: 25 Aug 2011
- views: 741243
Digestion project following the food bolus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Updated: 25 May 2010
- views: 204
bio project..... didnt have much to work with so i just had fun with it
......... this is the result
bio project..... didnt have much to work with so i just had fun with it
......... this is the result
https://wn.com/Digestion_Project_Following_The_Food_Bolus
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:53
- Updated: 06 Aug 2012
- views: 1161024
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area.
Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http...
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area.
Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC
Like Crash Course? http://www.facebook.com/youtubecrashcourse
Follow Crash Course: http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Table of Contents
1) Surface Area to the Max! 3:21
2) Mouth to Esophagus 5:23
3) Stomach 6:38
4) Small Intestine 7:55
5) Large Intestine 9:44
References
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071008102334.htm
crash course, biology, anatomy, digestive system, animal, development, digestive tract, nervous system, vertebrate, micro-ecology, microorganism, human, omnivore, acid, enzyme, surface area, mouth, teeth, saliva, nutrient, intestine, salivary amylase, swallow, mastication, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, rugae, gastric juice, pepsin, chyme, duodenum, absorb, secrete, villi, gall bladder, liver, bile, emulsify, fatty acid, cecum, appendix, poop, anal, sphincter Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
https://wn.com/The_Digestive_System_Crashcourse_Biology_28
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all about surface area.
Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC
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Table of Contents
1) Surface Area to the Max! 3:21
2) Mouth to Esophagus 5:23
3) Stomach 6:38
4) Small Intestine 7:55
5) Large Intestine 9:44
References
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071008102334.htm
crash course, biology, anatomy, digestive system, animal, development, digestive tract, nervous system, vertebrate, micro-ecology, microorganism, human, omnivore, acid, enzyme, surface area, mouth, teeth, saliva, nutrient, intestine, salivary amylase, swallow, mastication, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, rugae, gastric juice, pepsin, chyme, duodenum, absorb, secrete, villi, gall bladder, liver, bile, emulsify, fatty acid, cecum, appendix, poop, anal, sphincter Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
- published: 06 Aug 2012
- views: 1161024
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:57
- Updated: 08 Sep 2015
- views: 108
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Fo...
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Food Bolus)
Digestion In Buccal Cavity ( Starch Digestion , Ptyalin, The Esophagus (Peristallsis) ,( Function of Esophagus), Esophageal Spincter , 3 Phase Of Gastric Digestine( 1: Cephalic Phase 2: Gastric Phase 3: Intestine Phase , Outline Of Stomach digestion , Digestine In Small Intestine ( 1: Action Of Bile, 2: Pancriatic secretion ) 3 Parts Of Small intestine( 1: Deudenum 2: Jejunum 3:Ilium ) ,Intestine (Function) ; Video by Edupedia World (www.edupediaworld.com). All right reserved.
https://wn.com/Digestion_And_Absorption_(Section_4)
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chewing) 2: Deghitition (Swallowing), Peristalsis(Wave like Movement in Food Bolus)
Digestion In Buccal Cavity ( Starch Digestion , Ptyalin, The Esophagus (Peristallsis) ,( Function of Esophagus), Esophageal Spincter , 3 Phase Of Gastric Digestine( 1: Cephalic Phase 2: Gastric Phase 3: Intestine Phase , Outline Of Stomach digestion , Digestine In Small Intestine ( 1: Action Of Bile, 2: Pancriatic secretion ) 3 Parts Of Small intestine( 1: Deudenum 2: Jejunum 3:Ilium ) ,Intestine (Function) ; Video by Edupedia World (www.edupediaworld.com). All right reserved.
- published: 08 Sep 2015
- views: 108
An Introduction to the Digestive System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Updated: 08 Oct 2015
- views: 3143
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com
Introduction to the Digestive System
The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system...
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com
Introduction to the Digestive System
The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system”. This system fulfills two of the basic and essential requirements for being alive… Food intake and Waste elimination.
In this video we will be discussing the functions of the Digestive System, the connection with the immune system, the components and accessory organs that make it up, as well as the process of digestion.
Components of The Digestive System
Mouth: To begin the descent into the digestive system it is important to start in the mouth. The mouth is known as the oral, or buccal [buhk-uh l] cavity. The Mouth contains the tongue, teeth and the dangling tissue called the Uvula.
Alimentary Canal: The primary structure of the digestive system is known as the Alimentary Canal. The alimentary canal is a long smooth involuntary muscular tube that begins at the mouth and continues to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, followed by the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus.
This system is accompanied by a number of accessory organs such as the salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
The Process of Digestion
Digestion begins in the mouth with Mastication. Mastication is the mechanical process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.In this first stage of digestion, the food is also being chemically mixed with amylase, [am-uh-leys ] an enzyme contained in the saliva.
At this point the moistened and softened food is called a bolus.
The swallowing action and motion of the tongue, takes the bolus to the first part of its journey, which is the throat or pharynx (which is shared with the respiratory system).
From here it descends via the esophagus by means of a rhythmic wavelike involuntary movement of its muscles. This movement is called peristalsis.
After the esophagus, it passses through the first sphincter muscle, known as the esophageal or the cardiac sphincter. From there, into the stomach or gastr/o.
The stomach, which is a pouch that expands as food enters, secretes hydrochloric acids and other enzymes to further break down the food into what is now called Chyme.
The chyme leaves the stomach via the Pyloric sphincter muscle, and moves into the first section of the small intestine.
The accessory organs we mentioned earlier such as the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas, come into play at this juncture. Here they all secrete bile and pancreatic juice to continue the the job of breaking down the chyme to a fluid that can be absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi. The villi are found throughout the 3 sections of the small intestine. These 3 sections are the duodenum [doo-uh-dee-nuh m, jejunum [ji-joo-nuh m] and the ileum.
The point where the ileum and the colon (large intestine) connect is called the ileocecal valve [il-ee-oh-see-kuh l] . This is the third sphincter muscle.
Food that is not liquefied and absorbed through the small intestine is passed through the ileocecal valve into the large intestine for the purpose of eliminating waste.
Large Intestine (Colon)
The main function of the Large Intestine is to move waste towards the anus, which is the last sphincter muscle of the Alimentary Canal. The first section of the Large Intestine is called the Cecum. The appendix attaches at this junction. The cecum is followed by 4 more sections.
The ascending colon
The transverse colon
The descending colon, and...
The sigmoid colon.
This last section of the colon connects to the rectum. Once the waste is packed into the rectum the urge to have a bowel movement is turned on and the body eliminates the waste through the anus.
One more function of the Large Intestine that we should mention is that it will also absorb any water or nutrient that may have slipped through the small intestine.
Anatomy, Physiology, Digestive System, Digestive, Gastrointestinal, system, villi, colon, large intestine, immune system, mouth, oral, buccal, cavity, uvula, alimentary, canal, alimentary canal, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus, rectum, digestion, salivary, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, gall, bile, amylase, saliva, bolus, swallow, swallowing, peristalsis, esophageal, sphincter, chyme, pyloric, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, ileocecal, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, bowel movement,
https://wn.com/An_Introduction_To_The_Digestive_System
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com
Introduction to the Digestive System
The Digestive System is also known as the “gastrointestinal system”. This system fulfills two of the basic and essential requirements for being alive… Food intake and Waste elimination.
In this video we will be discussing the functions of the Digestive System, the connection with the immune system, the components and accessory organs that make it up, as well as the process of digestion.
Components of The Digestive System
Mouth: To begin the descent into the digestive system it is important to start in the mouth. The mouth is known as the oral, or buccal [buhk-uh l] cavity. The Mouth contains the tongue, teeth and the dangling tissue called the Uvula.
Alimentary Canal: The primary structure of the digestive system is known as the Alimentary Canal. The alimentary canal is a long smooth involuntary muscular tube that begins at the mouth and continues to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, followed by the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus.
This system is accompanied by a number of accessory organs such as the salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
The Process of Digestion
Digestion begins in the mouth with Mastication. Mastication is the mechanical process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.In this first stage of digestion, the food is also being chemically mixed with amylase, [am-uh-leys ] an enzyme contained in the saliva.
At this point the moistened and softened food is called a bolus.
The swallowing action and motion of the tongue, takes the bolus to the first part of its journey, which is the throat or pharynx (which is shared with the respiratory system).
From here it descends via the esophagus by means of a rhythmic wavelike involuntary movement of its muscles. This movement is called peristalsis.
After the esophagus, it passses through the first sphincter muscle, known as the esophageal or the cardiac sphincter. From there, into the stomach or gastr/o.
The stomach, which is a pouch that expands as food enters, secretes hydrochloric acids and other enzymes to further break down the food into what is now called Chyme.
The chyme leaves the stomach via the Pyloric sphincter muscle, and moves into the first section of the small intestine.
The accessory organs we mentioned earlier such as the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas, come into play at this juncture. Here they all secrete bile and pancreatic juice to continue the the job of breaking down the chyme to a fluid that can be absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi. The villi are found throughout the 3 sections of the small intestine. These 3 sections are the duodenum [doo-uh-dee-nuh m, jejunum [ji-joo-nuh m] and the ileum.
The point where the ileum and the colon (large intestine) connect is called the ileocecal valve [il-ee-oh-see-kuh l] . This is the third sphincter muscle.
Food that is not liquefied and absorbed through the small intestine is passed through the ileocecal valve into the large intestine for the purpose of eliminating waste.
Large Intestine (Colon)
The main function of the Large Intestine is to move waste towards the anus, which is the last sphincter muscle of the Alimentary Canal. The first section of the Large Intestine is called the Cecum. The appendix attaches at this junction. The cecum is followed by 4 more sections.
The ascending colon
The transverse colon
The descending colon, and...
The sigmoid colon.
This last section of the colon connects to the rectum. Once the waste is packed into the rectum the urge to have a bowel movement is turned on and the body eliminates the waste through the anus.
One more function of the Large Intestine that we should mention is that it will also absorb any water or nutrient that may have slipped through the small intestine.
Anatomy, Physiology, Digestive System, Digestive, Gastrointestinal, system, villi, colon, large intestine, immune system, mouth, oral, buccal, cavity, uvula, alimentary, canal, alimentary canal, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus, rectum, digestion, salivary, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, gall, bile, amylase, saliva, bolus, swallow, swallowing, peristalsis, esophageal, sphincter, chyme, pyloric, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, ileocecal, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, bowel movement,
- published: 08 Oct 2015
- views: 3143
All About Digestion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:53
- Updated: 04 Feb 2017
- views: 36
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Digestion-
Key Purpose: Break Down Food So That Nutrients Can Be Extracted
Overall Analogy provided: Megabus Route = Digestive Tract
Starting Point = Oral Cavity
- Amylase
- Saliva
- Mastication
- Bolus
1st Bus Stop = Esophagus
- Toothpaste being squeezed out of the Toothpaste tube
- Peristaltic contractions
- Bolus
2nd Bus Stop: Stomach
- Cardiac Sphincter (Front Gate)
- Stomach Acid
- Pepsin (protease)
- Chyme
- Pyloric Sphincter (Back Gate)
3rd Bus Stop: Small Intestine
- Further digestion
- Microvilli
- Chyme
- Accessory Organs: Liver(bile), Gall Bladder(storage), Pancreas(reduces acidity)
4th Bus Stop: Large Intestine
- Water absorption
- Fecal Matter
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https://wn.com/All_About_Digestion
SUBSCRIBE Now! → http://beatschoolcollege.com/subscribe
Check Out Our Website → http://beatschoolcollege.com/
Beat School Book → http://beatschoolcollege.com/studentbook
Digestion-
Key Purpose: Break Down Food So That Nutrients Can Be Extracted
Overall Analogy provided: Megabus Route = Digestive Tract
Starting Point = Oral Cavity
- Amylase
- Saliva
- Mastication
- Bolus
1st Bus Stop = Esophagus
- Toothpaste being squeezed out of the Toothpaste tube
- Peristaltic contractions
- Bolus
2nd Bus Stop: Stomach
- Cardiac Sphincter (Front Gate)
- Stomach Acid
- Pepsin (protease)
- Chyme
- Pyloric Sphincter (Back Gate)
3rd Bus Stop: Small Intestine
- Further digestion
- Microvilli
- Chyme
- Accessory Organs: Liver(bile), Gall Bladder(storage), Pancreas(reduces acidity)
4th Bus Stop: Large Intestine
- Water absorption
- Fecal Matter
Thanks For Watching Us!! Have Fun Beating School!!
Follow Us on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest:
@webeatschool
- published: 04 Feb 2017
- views: 36
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4:57
Digestion in the Mouth
This video explains the type of digestion and breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. ...
published: 12 Nov 2012
Digestion in the Mouth
Digestion in the Mouth
- Report rights infringement
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 4852
3:51
The Digestive System, Animation.
Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and ...
published: 09 Nov 2016
The Digestive System, Animation.
The Digestive System, Animation.
- Report rights infringement
- published: 09 Nov 2016
- views: 2455
2:25
How the Body Works : The Digestive System
The Digestive System
Starting at the mouth, the digestive system helps provide the ener...
published: 04 Aug 2007
How the Body Works : The Digestive System
How the Body Works : The Digestive System
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- published: 04 Aug 2007
- views: 622181
1:01
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different proc...
published: 11 Mar 2016
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animation - Peristaltic Movement in Digestive Tract Video
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- published: 11 Mar 2016
- views: 5091
1:49
Human Digestive System
In digestion, food is changed by the organs into a sizable form to be absorbed by the body...
published: 25 Aug 2011
Human Digestive System
Human Digestive System
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- published: 25 Aug 2011
- views: 741243
10:22
Digestion project following the food bolus
bio project..... didnt have much to work with so i just had fun with it
......... this is...
published: 25 May 2010
Digestion project following the food bolus
Digestion project following the food bolus
- Report rights infringement
- published: 25 May 2010
- views: 204
11:53
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
Hank takes us through the bowels of the human digestive system and explains why it's all a...
published: 06 Aug 2012
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28
- Report rights infringement
- published: 06 Aug 2012
- views: 1161024
29:57
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
Biology (Zoology - Grade XI): Digestion Of Food, 3 Mechanical Process(1: Mastication( Chew...
published: 08 Sep 2015
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)
- Report rights infringement
- published: 08 Sep 2015
- views: 108
1:56
An Introduction to the Digestive System
See the full video and more @ http://www.cteskills.com
Introduction to the Digestive Syst...
published: 08 Oct 2015
An Introduction to the Digestive System
An Introduction to the Digestive System
- Report rights infringement
- published: 08 Oct 2015
- views: 3143
23:53
All About Digestion
SUBSCRIBE Now! → http://beatschoolcollege.com/subscribe
Check Out Our Website → http:/...
published: 04 Feb 2017
All About Digestion
All About Digestion
- Report rights infringement
- published: 04 Feb 2017
- views: 36
Digestion in the Mouth...
The Digestive System, Animation....
How the Body Works : The Digestive System...
How Food Travels Through Digestive System Animatio...
Human Digestive System...
Digestion project following the food bolus...
The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28...
DIgestion And Absorption-(Section-4)...
An Introduction to the Digestive System...
All About Digestion...
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