Ráj

Ráj (Polish: Raj, German: Roj) is a district of the city of Karviná in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but in 1948 became administratively a part of the city of Karviná. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and has a population of 17,142 (2001).

The hospital is located there, as well as the football field, home of the local team MFK Karviná.

The name is cultural in origin, literally paradise, fertile and beautiful land.

History

The settlement was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item Frienstad in Ray. It meant that the village served as the foundation ground for Fryštát (Frienstad), and as such it had to be much older.

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Rój

Rój (German: Roy) is a district in the south-west of Żory, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

The medieval name Ray, denoted a paradise, it was later pronounced by locals (see Silesian dialects) as Roj, which later transformed into Rój, literally a swarm of bees.

History

The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item in Regno Dei id est Ray ex ordinacione datur ferto singulis annis.

After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 335 out of 375 voters in Rój voted in favour of joining Poland, against 40 opting for staying in Germany.

In years 1945-1954 the village was a part of gmina Boguszowice.

References

Rōjū

The Rōjū (老中), usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two shoguns, there were only two Rōjū. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The Rōjū were appointed from the ranks of the fudai daimyo with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 koku.

Duties

The Rōjū had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: