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Arnold Machin
Arnold Machin O.B.E, R.A.(30 September 1911 – 9 March 1999) was a British artist, sculptor, coin and stamp designer.
http://wn.com/Arnold_Machin -
Christopher Ironside
Christopher Ironside (11 July 1913 – 13 July 1992) was an English painter and coin designer, particularly known for the reverse sides of the new British coins issued on decimalisation in 1971.
http://wn.com/Christopher_Ironside -
Henry VII of England
Henry VII (; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.
http://wn.com/Henry_VII_of_England -
Ian Rank-Broadley
Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS (born 1952) is a British sculptor who has produced many acclaimed works, among which are several designs for British coinage.
http://wn.com/Ian_Rank-Broadley -
Queen Elizabeth II
http://wn.com/Queen_Elizabeth_II -
Raphael Maklouf
Raphael Maklouf (born 10 December 1937) is a sculptor, best known for designing the effigy of Queen Elizabeth II used on the coins of many Commonwealth nations.
http://wn.com/Raphael_Maklouf
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England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
http://wn.com/Northern_Ireland -
The Royal Mint of the United Kingdom (previously the principal mint of the Kingdom of England) is the body permitted to manufacture, or mint, coins in the United Kingdom. The Mint originated over 1,100 years ago, but has functioned since 1975 as a Trading Fund, operating in much the same way as a government-owned company. It now has executive agency status, and is currently undergoing the process of being converted into a Government-owned business. The Royal Mint as a body reports to HM Treasury, though departmental day-to-day responsibilities are handled by the Shareholder Executive.
http://wn.com/Royal_Mint -
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
- British coinage
- Bronze
- Christopher Ironside
- coin
- Copper
- debt
- Decimal Day
- diameter
- England
- ferromagnetism
- gram
- Henry VII of England
- Ian Rank-Broadley
- legal tender
- millimetre
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- obverse
- Obverse and reverse
- ounce
- Pence sterling
- penny sterling
- portcullis
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- Queen Elizabeth II
- Raphael Maklouf
- Royal Mint
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- Arnold Machin
- British coinage
- Bronze
- Christopher Ironside
- coin
- Copper
- debt
- Decimal Day
- diameter
- England
- ferromagnetism
- gram
- Henry VII of England
- Ian Rank-Broadley
- legal tender
- millimetre
- Northern Ireland
- obverse
- Obverse and reverse
- ounce
- Pence sterling
- penny sterling
- portcullis
- pound sterling
- Queen Elizabeth II
- Raphael Maklouf
- Royal Mint
- Steel
- United Kingdom
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{{infobox coin | country | United Kingdom | Denomination One penny| Value 1 | Unit penny sterling | Mass 3.56 | Diameter 20.32 | Thickness (Bronze) 1.52 mm(Steel) 1.65| Edge Plain | Composition Bronze (1971–1991)| Years of Minting 1971–present | Catalog Number — | Obverse | Obverse Design Queen Elizabeth II | Obverse Designer Ian Rank-Broadley| Obverse Design Date 1998 | Reverse New 1p 2008.jpg | Reverse Design Segment of the Royal Shield| Reverse Designer Matthew Dent| Reverse Design Date 2008| }} |
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The British decimal one penny (1p) coin, produced by the Royal Mint, was issued on 15 February 1971, the day the British currency was decimalised. In practice, it had been available from banks in bags of £1 for some weeks previously. The coin, known at first as a "new penny", was initially minted from bronze, but since 1992 it has been minted in copper-plated steel. As this is less dense than bronze, post-1992 coins have been slightly thicker, as well as becoming magnetic. The coin weighs 3.56 grams (approximately one eighth of an ounce) and has a diameter of 20.32 millimetres.
The penny is one hundredth fraction of a pound: one hundred pence sterling is one pound sterling.
One penny and two pence coins are legal tender only up to the sum of 20p; this means that it is permissible to refuse payment of sums greater than this amount in 1p and 2p coins in order to settle a debt.
As of 30 March 2010 there were an estimated 11,215 million 1p coins in circulation.
Soaring copper prices in the mid-2000s caused the value of the copper in the pre-1992 coins (which are 97% copper) to exceed the coins' face value. For example, in May 2006, the intrinsic metal value of a pre-1992 1p coin was about 1.5 pence. During 2008, the value of copper fell dramatically from these peaks.
Design
The original reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, and used from 1971 to 2008, is a crowned portcullis with chains (an adaptation of the Badge of Henry VII which is now the Badge of the Palace of Westminster), with the numeral "1" written below the portcullis, and either NEW PENNY (1971–1981) or ONE PENNY (1982–2008) above the portcullis.To date, three different obverses have been used. In all cases, the inscription is ELIZABETH II D.G.REG.F.D. year. In the original design both sides of the coin are encircled by dots.
1971–1984
Between 1971 and 1984 the head of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin was used, in which the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara.
The words NEW PENNY were used up until 1981. From 1982 the inscription changed to ONE PENNY.
This version was minted in bronze.
1985–1997
Between 1985 and 1997 the head by Raphael Maklouf was used, in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem.
This version was minted in bronze until 1992. From 1992 copper plated steel has been used.
1998–2008
Since 1998 the head by Ian Rank-Broadley has been used, again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark IRB below the portrait.
2008–
In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin. The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from summer 2008. The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety is featured on the £1 coin. The 1p coin depicts the left section between the first and third quarter of the shield, representing England and Northern Ireland. The coin's obverse remains largely unchanged, but the beading (the ring of dots around the coin's circumference), which no longer features on the coin's reverse, has also been removed from the obverse.
Mintages
Bronze composition
See also
References
External links
One penny Category:Pennies Category:1971 introductions
hu:Brit egypennys érme no:One Penny pl:Jeden pens (moneta brytyjska)This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.