Polish Committee of National Liberation

The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish: Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN), also known as the Lublin Committee, was a puppet provisional government of Poland, officially proclaimed on 22 July 1944 in Chełm under the direction of State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa, or KRN) in opposition to the Polish government in exile. It exercised control over Polish territory retaken from Nazi Germany and was fully sponsored and controlled by the Soviet Union.

Formation

The PKWN was formed in Moscow from the ranks of the KRN, Union of Polish Patriots (ZPP) and Polish Workers' Party (PPR) - the Polish Communist movement, which had been decimated during Soviet purges and revived under Joseph Stalin's auspices after 1941. It followed Red Army units as they moved into Polish territory, and expanded its authority within the Soviet occupied areas.

The PKWN manifesto was outlined in advance in Moscow Radio broadcast and published in Chełm on 22 July 1944. Soon after its publication the Soviet Union started to transfer power in areas of Lublin, Western part of Białystok, Rzeszów and Warsaw Voivodships to the PKWN. By the start of August, the PKWN moved its seat to Lublin and became known under the name "the Lublin Committee".

Wars of national liberation

Wars of national liberation or national liberation revolutions are conflicts fought by nationalities to gain independence. The term is used in conjunction with wars against foreign powers (or at least those perceived as foreign) to establish separate sovereign states for the rebelling nationality. From a different point of view, these wars are called insurgencies, rebellions, or wars of independence.Guerrilla warfare or asymmetric warfare is sometimes used by national liberation movements, often with intervention from other states.

The term wars of national liberation are most commonly used for those fought during the decolonization movement. Since these were primarily in the third world against Western powers and their economic influence and a major aspect of the Cold War, the phrase itself has often been viewed as biased or pejorative. Some of these wars were either vocally or materially supported by the Soviet Union, which stated itself to be an anti-imperialist power, supporting the replacement of western-backed governments with local communist or other non pro-western parties. However, this did not always guarantee Soviet influence in those countries. In addition to and increasingly in competition to the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China presented themselves as models of independent nationalist development outside of Western influence, particularly as such posturing and other longterm hostility meant they were regarded as a threat to Western power and regarded themselves as such, using their resources to politically, economically and militarily assist movements such as in Vietnam. In January 1961 Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev pledged support for "wars of national liberation" throughout the world.

National liberation (Marxism)

National liberation has been a theme within Marxism, and especially after the influence of Vladimir Lenin's advocacy of anti-imperialism and self-determination of all peoples became prevalent in communist movements, especially in advocating freedom from colonial rule in the Third World. National liberation has been promoted by Marxists out of an international-socialist perspective rather than a bourgeois-nationalist perspective.

Upon rising to power, Lenin and the Bolshevik government in Russia declared that all peoples had the right to self-determination. While Lenin was critical of nationalism, he claimed that the cause of national liberation was not a matter of chauvinism, but a matter of radical democracy.

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National Liberation (Ecuador)

National Liberation (Spanish: Liberación Nacional) was a political party in Ecuador. The party, which was accorded the number '11' by the electoral authorities, was born through a split from FADI in 1989. The party was founded by students and middle class sectors. It obtained 1.8% of the votes in 1990 and 0.8% in 1996.

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