Gender

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex (i.e. the state of being male, female or intersex), sex-based social structures (including gender roles and other social roles), or gender identity.

Sexologist John Money introduced the terminological distinction between biological sex and gender as a role in 1955. Before his work, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories. However, Money's meaning of the word did not become widespread until the 1970s, when feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender. Today, the distinction is strictly followed in some contexts, especially the social sciences and documents written by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, in many other contexts, including some areas of social sciences, gender includes sex or replaces it. Although this change in the meaning of gender can be traced to the 1980s, a small acceleration of the process in the scientific literature was observed in 1993 when the USA's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) started to use gender instead of sex. In 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using sex as the biological classification and gender as "a person's self representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual's gender presentation." In non-human animal research, gender is also commonly used to refer to the physiology of the animals.

Grapplers (comics)

The Grapplers are a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It was a loosely organized band of female wrestlers, most of whom gained superhuman strength after their first published appearances, through the group known as Power Broker, Inc.

Publication history

The Grapplers first appeared in Marvel Two-in-One #54-56 (August–October 1979), and were created by Mark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio, and John Byrne.

The team subsequently appears in Dazzler #13 (March 1982), Marvel Two-in-One #96 (February 1983), Thing #33 (March 1986), #35-36 (May–June 1986), Captain America #389-391 (August–September 1991), and Thunderbolts #21 (December 1998).

The Grapplers received an entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #5.

History

The original four Grapplers were drafted by the Roxxon Oil Company to invade Project: Pegasus, along with Thundra. They were given specially designed costumes to heighten their formidable prowess at physical combat. However, Quasar and Giant-Man defeated the quartet and gave them over to authorities.

Gallery

Gallery may refer to:

Buildings and spaces

Gallery (Great White album)

Gallery is a French compilation album released by American hard rock band Great White in 1999.

Track listing

Band members

References

Adit

An adit (from Latin aditus, entrance) is an entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal, by which the mine can be entered, drained of water, ventilated, and minerals extracted at the lowest convenient level. Adits are also used to explore for mineral veins.

Construction

Adits are driven into the side of a hill or mountain, and are often used when an ore body is located inside the mountain but above the adjacent valley floor or coastal plain. In cases where the mineral vein outcrops at the surface, the adit may follow the lode or vein until it is worked out, in this case the adit is rarely straight. The use of adits for the extraction of ore is generally called drift mining.

Adits can only be driven into a mine where the local topography permits. There will be no opportunity to drive an adit to a mine situated on a large flat plain, for instance. Also if the ground is weak, the cost of shoring up a long adit may outweigh its possible advantages.

Access and ventilation