The Meaning and Meaninglessness of Brexit…

I don’t vote in British elections because I don’t live in Britain. Even if I did, however, I would have had a tough time choosing between Leave and Remain. The problem with the Leave campaign, I think, is that it played on grievances that are far bigger than the European Union and that will “remain” whether or not we sally forth. Take immigration. EU immigration has more economic advantages and fewer disadvantages than non-EU immigration. EU migrants, by and large, are more assimilable to our culture than men and women from other countries. Poles, Czechs and Hungarians are very rarely terrorists. This is not to claim that there is no reason to be critical of the Schengen Agreement but that it is less significant than many have proposed.

My doubts have not been assuaged by the shrill and unconvincing triumphalism of the Brexit crowd; wallowing in the superficial patriotic symbolism of blue passports and royal yachts in what is hard to see as anything but an attempt to distract themselves and us from the potential economic disasters ahead. Gerald Howarth, for example, has said that the decommissioning of the Royal Yacht Britannia was “one of the darkest moments of my political life”. Putting this minor event into the same conversation as, say, the attack on London by Islamic militants, the national disgrace of the Iraq invasion, is astonishingly childish.

The EU debate was, in a sense, an excuse to have an argument – an argument  it could not resolve. Good or bad, however, the consequences will be no less real.

Posted in Britain, Europe, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

More Fun With New Atheists…

More astonishingly unintentional new atheist humour comes from the biologist Jerry Coyne. Coyne is known for reviewing books he has not read and now attacks a conference that has yet to take place. Not only is Coyne’s hostile judgement based on the conference blurb – and, thus, potentially valid but superficial assumptions – it is based on a preposterous misreading. He quotes the blurb, from the conference “Beyond Reductionism”, as asking…

…can science itself fall prey to the same kinds of emotional pitfalls, fallacies, and even fanaticism we more often associate with religious literalists and fundamentalists?

…and then suggesting…

given the capacity of every human being to be swayed by emotions and appearances in contrast to hard evidence, would it not be prudent to hold our practice of science and reason to the same standards of scrutiny that we apply to religious truth claims and thinking?

This is, any fair minded person would conclude, a call for sceptics of religion to be as sceptical of scientific truth claims as religious ones. Coyne is not a fair minded man. He somehow thinks that it implies that religious claims are more valid than scientific claims. He huffs…

…it’s incredibly insulting to science and rationality for these authors to suggest, with their faux naiveté, that science and reason need to adhere to the same (presumably more rigorous) standards used by religions to adjudicate their truth claims. Let me give you some news, Drs. Koepsell, Stein, and Abbot: religion has NO rigor in its truth claims, but an emotional commitment to deities and their will that lack any supporting evidence. It is science that has the hard standards, and religion that should adhere to the standards of science when adjudicating its claims.

First, how the hell does Coyne know that Koepsell, Stein and Abbot authored this blurb? Even ignoring his lamentable misinterpretation it is, yes, incredibly insulting for him to abuse them for authoring words they might have had nothing to do with. Second, this is, yes, a lamentable misinterpretation, and Coyne’s resultant invective is incredibly insulting to the author of blurb. Third, this condescending snark about religious belief is incredibly insulting to religious believers. The rigor of Augustine, Aquinas, Al-Ghazali, Leibniz et cetera can be questioned but the idea that they were only expressing “an emotional commitment to deities” is incredibly insulting to the intelligence.

In the comments, Coyne was nudged into realising that he had misread the blurb, and promised to “fix the text a bit”. The paragraph I suspect he added reads…

Now it’s possible that the “we” in the bit above means “rationalists and skeptics” rather than “all people, including believers.” If that’s the case, though, and the workshop is asking us to apply uniform standards of skepticism to all empirical claims, then my response is this: WE ALREADY DO! So what’s the point of this workshop?

It is not just possible, it is hugely probable. As for his exasperated howl of “WE ALREADY DO”: that is, no doubt, what the conference will question. For sure, it might be a parade of fallacies, but the fact that Coyne is unwilling to even accept that it’s possible that science could be damaged by science or fanaticism is, ironically, a case of fanatical bias.

I’m not sure what it will take for some atheists to accept that they indulge unreasonable patterns of thought but hunting for heretics is not exactly subtle.

Posted in Rationalism, Religion, Scepticism, Science | 2 Comments

Neo-Liberalism Through Conservative Eyes…

Madsen Pirie of the Adam Smith Institute has written an elegant, illuminating article on seeing the world through “neo-liberal eyes”. The ASI has embarked on an ambitious attempt to reclaim “neo-liberalism” to denote an optimistic individualism that upholds the virtues of the markets while accepting well-evidenced governmental interventions in the name of pragmatism over ideology. Libertarians detest their compromise with statism. I can handle that. It’s the optimism that irks me.

I am not the most despairing miserabilist. Pirie is correct that one should not romanticise the past. Tempting as it is to weave fantasies around cathedrals, art and literature, most of our ancestors were illiterate and uncultured people living short, hard, dirty lives scarred by illness, hunger and loss. This is not to discount the glories and virtues of their times, or the consolatory rituals that sustained them. Yet to denounce modernity in toto is to reject advances in medical science, sanitation and agriculture, for example, that most of us rather like.

Nonetheless, I believe Pirie is unreasonably optimistic. He accepts that “society is not perfectible, and nor is human nature” but then grandly asserts that there are “no limits” to economic growth. Human fallibility, observed directly in our malice and incompetence, or transferred into fallible systems and technologies, is a limitation whether or not we know how and when this might become apparent. Indeed, pursuing growth might demand the creation of such awesome destructive potential in our societal or technological forces that it will be reckless to prioritise it. (One might argue that this has already happened but I am not, for now, the man to express such an argument.)

Pirie’s overly optimistic, and, I think, overly materialistic attitudes are on display in a subtler form when he maintains that “value is in the mind of the person contemplating the object, not in the object itself”. There can, of course, be truth to this (my treasured heirloom might be someone else’s worthless junk) but the idea that value exists only in subjective perceptions gives us too much credit. Sometimes we don’t know what’s good for us, whether or not (and, by and large, I don’t) we want the government interfering. Anyone who has known children who would quite happily live off cereal and watch television eighteen hours a day knows this is true. Similar wonky time preferences and seductive temptations can make us underappreciative of the riches and rituals of our civilisation that preserve our societies however much we notice.

It is notable that Pirie says little of culture. He praises, with some justice, the “spontaneous society” where individuals make choices uninhibited by “planners”. But our ephemeral interactions take place in societies characterised by the social trust and conscientiousness that makes them effective. It is not the natural state of human beings, or, indeed, of merely capitalist societies. Perhaps there is a neo-liberal explanation for how these all-important conditions can be maintained but I think it deserve more prominence. We, as continents, and nations, and communities, are more than markets.

I should note again that I am at best an idiosyncratic conservative and this is no kind of formal response. I also like elements of this neo-liberal rebranding, inasmuch as, unlike fervent libertarians, it recognises that societies need their helping hands. Nonetheless, it seems too blithely optimistic in the promise of free market capitalism, and takes too much for granted the cultural conditions that enable its successes.

Good luck to the neo-liberals. Not too much, of course (I don’t actually want them to be all that influential) but at least one hopes they will be less destructive than the neocons, and less self-destructive than the neoreactionaries.

Posted in Ideology, Conservatism, Libertarianism, Liberalism | Leave a comment

More on Middlebrow Epistemology…

A while ago I wrote on “middlebrow epistemology”…

that form of argumentation that has the essential qualities of a pub argument – the factoids, the simplifications, the argumentum ad passiones – but decently covers them with a figleaf of rationality. It is, in other words, rhetoric masquerading as dialectic, emerging from our intensified cultural division, the inclusivisation of our public discourse and the need to project status in our atomised societies. It is very useful as a tool of persuasion (and, indeed, entertainment). It threatens to vulgarise the search for the truth.

In a hostile review of Tom Wolfe’s dilettantish excursions into linguistics, “E.J. Spode” comments on other aspects of this phenomenon. He observes that Wolfe’s book was received sympathetically by mainstream critics who were not equipped to understand the technical details of the ideas in question. I was reminded of Bernard Davis’ critique of Stephen Jay Gould’s immensely flawed attack on genetic determinism The Mismeasure of Men, which noted that whereas “the nonscientific reviews…were almost uniformly laudatory, the reviews in the scientific journals were almost all highly critical”. It is a fine example of middlebrow epistemology when scientific or philosophical amateurs are seen as adequate judges of technical questions; a state of affairs that is bound to enable ideas that are politically fashionable and emotionally appealing to be spread whether or not they happen to be right.

An egregious example of mainstream puffery that Spode attacks is the Globe and Mail‘s self-satisfied pronouncement that…

Wolfe is a reporter and an entertainer, an opinionated raconteur rather than a scientist, and that is why we will always report on his jocular provocations. And if they serve as an excuse to explain what universal grammar was in the first place – as it has done – then Chomsky should be thrilled

It is typical of our low intellectual standards that it is held to be good that something is discussed quite regardless of the content of that discussion. This allows we minnows to pretend that we are big fish.

Posted in Rationalism, Scepticism, Science | Leave a comment

Of Dennetts and Dawkinses…

Daniel Dennett celebrates the tenth birthday of Richard Dawkins’ assemblage of atheistic arguments, The God Delusion

Four books appeared with a few months of each other a decade ago: Sam Harris’s The End of Faith, my Breaking the Spell, Richard Dawkins’ The God Delusion, and Christopher Hitchens’ God is not Great.

Years, in fact, but never mind.

…we were soon joined by a distinguished cadre of other authors who had decisive and well-evidenced cases to present about various problems and failures of religion.

Decisive and well-evidenced, unlike all those decisive and yet poorly-evidenced attempts.

The God Delusion has outsold them all [and] outsold all the “flea” books [Dawkins] mentions in his Foreword by even wider margins…while “sophisticated theologians” and their friends wanted the world to believe that he failed to engage serious religion in his critique, those darn fleas tell a different story: he struck a nerve, and he struck it dead center.

If the measure of one’s argument was its popularity, of course, theism would have long been proved correct.

Is he “angry”? Is he “shrill” and “arrogant”? Look closely, and you will see that these familiar charges are without foundation. What leads people to level them is the fact that they have been accustomed their entire lives to having their darling dogmas handled with kid gloves, never challenged, always “respected.”

Put aside the fact that a book which concludes that raising one’s child to be Catholic is “abuse” is shrill, and that an author who presumes that he has refuted Aquinas when he has read no more than summaries of the Five Ways is arrogant, and endure Professor Dennett’s stifling condescension. For all I have said about their dilettantism, their anti-intellectualism, their complacence, their boorishness and their monomania, the biggest problem with “new atheists” is that they’re so smug.

Posted in God | 5 Comments

“Even the Conservative Peter Oborne…”

Jeremy Corbyn’s re-election as Leader of the Labour Party, Peter Oborne writes, “has vindicated everything he has ever done and said as a man and a politician”. No, it hasn’t. The support of a majority of Britain’s socialist does not make anti-capitalism, republicanism and third worldism right, reasonable or justified. Mr Oborne, who claims to speak “as a Tory”, should know that such people, on these matters, are none of these things. “Even as a Tory,” Mr Oborne says again, as if the reader will need convincing of his conservatism, “I wish [Corbynism] all the luck in the world”. Really, Mr Oborne? Even in a general election?

Turning to Twitter one finds leftist after leftist saying that Oborne is “the only tory journalist with a conscience” or “the only Tory journalist I really like“. For them, the fact that a conservative admires Corbyn is clinching proof of his essential goodness and talent. I am cautious when ideological dissenters are commandeered by their outgroup. It is, of course, inevitable that one agrees with different people on different issues but sometimes – as, say, with the professional ex-leftist Nick Cohen – commentators simply leave the reservation. In Oborne’s case, for example, were he that much of a Tory, he could have said both that Corbyn has been dishonestly and disproportionately criticised (he has) and that he is a radical socialist with a disgraceful tendency to sympathise with people who attack Britain.

Mr Oborne rightly and properly loathed Blairism, in its style and its substance: the slipperiness of its PR maneuverings and the arrogance and carelessness of its internationalism. I am sure he was appalled to see both baleful tendencies manifesting themselves in the Tory Party. Nonetheless, rather than offering a conservative alternative he has been sadly willing to embrace cranks and frauds, from the far left, like Mr Corbyn, to the fringes of British-based Islamism.

Mr Oborne believes (as, years ago, did I) that Muslims in Europe are the victims of a new McCarthyism, and extends his sympathy to some of their most obnoxious ideological trends. The theocratic Muslim Brotherhood, for him, is a “great movement”, while the Ayatollah Khomeini was “one of the greatest theologians of all time”. Oborne’s eccentric Islamophilia was epitomised, I think, when he wrote a bumptious article complaining that Archbishop of Canterbury’s Christmas sermon had “concentrated on persecution of Christians” and not mentioned, say, the oppression of Muslims in the southern Philippines. The Archbishop’s sermon, as it happens, paid broader tribute to “every displaced people group, every refugee, every single human heart” but even ignoring Oborne’s blatant misrepresentation one must ask why authorities of the Christian church should not take a special interest in suffering Christians.

Oborne appears to think that Muslims are demonised for being socially conservative. When Trevor Phillips hosted the programme “What British Muslims Really Think” Oborne huffed that the opinions on display were not dissimilar from those held in rural Norfolk. Perhaps, but Aylsham has not been noted for honour killings, female genital mutilation, religious sectarianism, clerically-sanctioned domestic abuse, child marriages and other practices that, while abhorred by millions of Muslims, suggest that Islamic ethical and social doctrines are not equivalent to East English traditionalism. There are, in other words, to put it mildly, real issues to be addressed.

The lowest point of Oborne’s activism came, I think, when he promoted the Islamic Human Rights Commission’s annual Islamophobia Awards. Not only should Oborne have known that IHRC is a Khomeinite front group but he failed to retract his endorsement when these morbid characters took the opportunity to mock the dead employees of Charlie Hebdo, who had been massacred in their offices just months before.

Oborne has been admirably stubborn in his refusal to be led by the liberal conservative mainstream but his associations and obsessions reflect not a principled alternative but a crankish acceptance of the age-old assumption that his enemy’s enemy is his friend.

Posted in Britain, Media, Uncategorized | Leave a comment

Poor Put-Upon Communists…

Zoe Williams writes

 Lefties over 40 will never call themselves communists because the inevitable conversation about whether or not Stalin was evil is just too tedious. It is a glimpse of what it feels like to be seen, if a Muslim, as an apologist for Isis, but only a glimpse.

Those poor communists. So tired of hearing about “gulag” this and “Katyn” that. But wait a moment. Communist leaders who spilled oceans of blood in the 20th Century included not just Stalin (and Lenin, and Khrushchev) but Rákosi in Hungary, Hoxha in Albania, Bierut in Poland, Mao in China, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, Pol Pot in Cambodia, Mariam in Ethiopia and Ceausescu in Romania. Being a communist need not entail that one supports mass murder, of course, but self-declared fascists would be condemned on the basis of Hitler even if Mussolini and Pavelić had never existed. I don’t want to launch a red scare any more than a brown scare but the fact that Williams considers even her more extreme ideological brethren so immune from critique says something about the undeserved claims to moral status made by the left.

Isn’t “lefty” an obnoxious word, by the way? It’s both chummy and childish. Say what you like about traditionalists, free marketeers, monarchists and what have you but at least we don’t go around calling each other “righties”.

Posted in History | 2 Comments