January 9

January 9 is the ninth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 356 days remaining until the end of the year (357 in leap years). This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Thursday or Friday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Sunday (56).

Events

• 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
• 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
• 1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song dynasty.
• 1150 – Wanyan Liang and other court officials murder Emperor Xizong of Jin. Wanyan Liang succeeds him as emperor.
• 1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.
• 1431 – Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.
• 1760 – Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.
• 1788 – Connecticut becomes the fifth state to be admitted to the United States.
• 1792 – Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed.
• 1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.
• 1799 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1806 – Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.
• 1816 – Sir Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.
• 1822 – The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.
• 1839 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
• 1857 – The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
• 1858 – Anson Jones, the last President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina. It is considered by some historians to be the "First Shots of the American Civil War".
• 1861 – Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Hindman begins in Arkansas.
• 1878 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
• 1894 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.
• 1903 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.
• 1909 – Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.
• 1914 – Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity Inc., the first historically black intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity to be officially recognized at Howard University, is founded.
• 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.
• 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine.
• 1918 – Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars.
• 1921 – Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia.
• 1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.
• 1923 – Lithuanian residents of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations' decision to leave the area as a mandated region under French control.
• 1927 – A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.
• 1941 – World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster.
• 1945 – World War II: The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.
• 1957 – British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from Egyptian sovereignty.
• 1960 – President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.
• 1964 – Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.
• 1965 – The Mirzapur Cadet College formally opens for academic activities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
• 1991 – Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
• 1992 – The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.
• 1996 – First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.
• 2004 – An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula while on the way to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28.
• 2005 – Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to replace Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority. He replaces interim president Rawhi Fattouh.
• 2005 – The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War.
• 2007 - Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco.
• 2011 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, killing 77 people.
• 2014 – An explosion at a Mitsubishi Materials chemical plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least five people and injures 17 others.
• 2015 – The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation. Elsewhere, a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market, Hypercacher, in the eastern Paris suburb of Vincennes.

Births

• 727 – Emperor Daizong of Tang (d. 779)
• 1475 – Crinitus, Italian scholar and author (d. 1507)
• 1554 – Pope Gregory XV (d. 1623)
• 1571 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, French commander (d. 1621)
• 1624 – Empress Meishō of Japan (d. 1696)
• 1674 – Reinhard Keiser, German composer (d. 1739)
• 1685 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist and critic (d. 1766)
• 1728 – Thomas Warton, English poet, historian, and critic (d. 1790)
• 1735 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (d. 1823)
• 1745 – Caleb Strong, American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1819)
• 1753 – Luísa Todi, Portuguese soprano and actress (d. 1833)
• 1773 – Cassandra Austen, English painter and illustrator (d. 1845)
• 1778 – Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, Turkish Ney player and composer (d. 1846)
• 1811 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English journalist and author (d. 1856)
• 1818 – Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (d. 1881)
• 1819 – James Francis, English-Australian businessman and politician, 9th Premier of Victoria (d. 1884)
• 1822 – Carol Benesch, Czech-Romanian architect, designed the Peleș Castle (d. 1896)
• 1823 – Friedrich von Esmarch, German surgeon and academic (d. 1908)
• 1829 – Thomas William Robertson, English director and playwright (d. 1871)
• 1829 – Adolf Schlagintweit, German botanist and explorer (d. 1857)
• 1832 – Félix-Gabriel Marchand, Canadian journalist and politician, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1900)
• 1839 – John Knowles Paine, American composer and academic (d. 1906)
• 1848 – Princess Frederica of Hanover (d. 1926)
• 1849 – John Hartley, English tennis player (d. 1935)
• 1854 – Lady Randolph Churchill, American-born wife of Lord Randolph Churchill (d. 1921)
• 1856 – Anton Aškerc, Slovenian priest and poet (d. 1912)
• 1859 – Carrie Chapman Catt, American activist, founded the League of Women Voters and International Alliance of Women (d. 1947)
• 1864 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1926)
• 1868 – S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist and academic (d. 1939)
• 1870 – Joseph Strauss, American engineer, co-designed the Golden Gate Bridge (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian-Austrian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1934)
• 1873 – Thomas Curtis, American sprinter and hurdler (d. 1944)
• 1873 – John Flanagan, Irish-American hammer thrower (d. 1938)
• 1875 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor and art collector, founded the Whitney Museum of American Art (d. 1942)
• 1879 – John B. Watson, American psychologist and academic (d. 1958)
• 1881 – Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (d. 1938)
• 1881 – Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1956)
• 1885 – Charles Bacon, American runner and hurdler (d. 1968)
• 1886 – Lloyd Loar, American sound engineer and instrument designer (d. 1943)
• 1889 – Vrindavan Lal Verma, Indian author and playwright (d. 1969)
• 1890 – Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (d. 1938)
• 1890 – Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (d. 1935)
• 1891 – August Gailit, Estonian journalist and author (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Eva Bowring, American lawyer and politician (d. 1985)
• 1893 – Edwin Baker, Canadian soldier and educator, co-founded the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Warwick Braithwaite, New Zealand-English conductor and director (d. 1971)
• 1897 – Karl Löwith, German philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1973)
• 1898 – Gracie Fields, English actress and singer (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Harald Tammer, Estonian journalist and weightlifter (d. 1942)
• 1900 – Richard Halliburton, American journalist and author (d. 1939)
• 1901 – Vilma Bánky, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Chic Young, American cartoonist (d. 1973)
• 1902 – Rudolf Bing, American impresario and businessman (d. 1997)
• 1902 – Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint, founded Opus Dei (d. 1975)
• 1907 – Eldred G. Smith, American patriarch (d. 2013)
• 1908 – Simone de Beauvoir, French philosopher and author (d. 1986)
• 1909 – Anthony Mamo, Maltese lawyer and politician, 1st President of Malta (d. 2008)
• 1909 – Patrick Peyton, Irish-American priest, television personality, and activist (d. 1992)
• 1910 – Tom Evenson, English runner (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Ralph Tubbs, English architect, designed the Dome of Discovery (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Richard Nixon, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
• 1915 – Fernando Lamas, Argentinian-American actor, singer, and director (d. 1982)
• 1915 – Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
• 1916 – Vic Mizzy, American soldier, pianist, and composer (d. 2009)
• 1916 – Peter Twinn, English mathematician and entomologist (d. 2004)
• 1918 – Alma Ziegler, American baseball player and golfer (d. 2005)
• 1919 – William Morris Meredith, Jr., American poet and academic (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Clive Dunn, English actor and singer (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Hakim Said, Pakistani scholar and politician, 20th Governor of Sindh (d. 1998)
• 1921 – Lister Sinclair, Indian-Canadian broadcaster and playwright (d. 2006)
• 1921 – John Sperling, American businessman, founded the University of Phoenix (d. 2014)
• 1922 – Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-American biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (d. 1984)
• 1924 – Sergei Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian director and screenwriter (d. 1990)
• 1925 – Len Quested, English footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (d. 1989)
• 1926 – Jean-Pierre Côté, Canadian lawyer and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Sydney Lotterby, English director and producer
• 1927 – Sunderlal Bahuguna, Indian environmentalist
• 1928 – Judith Krantz, American novelist
• 1928 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter, actor, and politician (d. 1994)
• 1929 – Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (d. 2015)
• 1929 – Heiner Müller, German poet, playwright, and director (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Tom Riley, American lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Algis Budrys, Lithuanian-American author and critic (d. 2008)
• 1933 – Robert García, American soldier and politician
• 1933 – Wilbur Smith, Zambian-English journalist and author
• 1934 – Bart Starr, American football player and coach
• 1935 – Bob Denver, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Dick Enberg, American game show host and sportscaster
• 1935 – Earl G. Graves, Sr., American businessman and publisher, founded Black Enterprise magazine
• 1936 – Anne Rivers Siddons, American author
• 1936 – Marko Veselica, Croatian academic and politician
• 1937 – Michael Nicholson, English journalist and author
• 1938 – Claudette Boyer, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2013)
• 1938 – Peter Edelman, American lawyer and educator
• 1938 – Stuart Woods, American author and critic
• 1939 – Susannah York, English actress and activist (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Barbara Buczek, Polish composer (d. 1993)
• 1940 – Al Downing, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Ruth Dreifuss, Swiss journalist and politician, 86th President of the Swiss Confederation
• 1941 – Joan Baez, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist
• 1941 – Gilles Vaillancourt, Canadian politician
• 1942 – John Dunning, American author
• 1942 – Tony Harding, English illustrator (d. 2014)
• 1942 – Lee Kun-hee, South Korean businessman
• 1942 – Judy Malloy, American poet and author
• 1943 – Robert Drewe, Australian author and playwright
• 1943 – Elmer MacFadyen, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2007)
• 1943 – Scott Walker, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
• 1943 – Jerry Yester, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1944 – Harun Farocki, German filmmaker (d. 2014)
• 1944 – Jimmy Page, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1944 – Mihalis Violaris, Cypriot singer-songwriter and actor
• 1945 – Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Syrian-Armenian scholar and politician, 1st President of Armenia
• 1946 – Mohammad Ishaq Khan, Indian historian and academic (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Mogens Lykketoft, Danish politician, 45th Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1947 – Ittoku Kishibe, Japanese actor and bass player
• 1947 – Ronnie Landfield, American painter and educator
• 1948 – Bill Cowsill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1948 – Jan Tomaszewski, Polish footballer, manager, and politician
• 1950 – Alec Jeffreys, English geneticist and academic
• 1950 – David Johansen, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1951 – M. L. Carr, American basketball player and coach
• 1951 – Crystal Gayle, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1951 – Andy Qunta, English singer-songwriter, composer, and musician
• 1952 – Kaushik Basu, Indian economist and academic
• 1952 – Hugh Bayley, English politician
• 1952 – Mike Capuano, American lawyer and politician
• 1953 – Javad Alizadeh, Iranian cartoonist and painter
• 1953 – Morris Gleitzman, English-Australian journalist and author
• 1953 – Shigeru So, Japanese runner
• 1953 – Takeshi So, Japanese runner
• 1954 – Philippa Gregory, Kenyan-English author and academic
• 1955 – Michiko Kakutani, American journalist and critic
• 1955 – J.K. Simmons, American actor
• 1956 – Waltraud Meier, German soprano and actress
• 1956 – Imelda Staunton, English actress and singer
• 1958 – Stephen Neale, English philosopher and academic
• 1959 – Mark Martin, American race car driver and coach
• 1959 – Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1959 – Otis Nixon, American baseball player
• 1960 – Lisa Walters, Canadian golfer
• 1961 – Oliver Goldstick, American screenwriter and producer
• 1961 – Henry Omaga-Diaz, Filipino journalist
• 1963 – Irwin McLean, Northern Irish biologist and academic
• 1964 – Stan Javier, Dominican baseball player and manager
• 1965 – Eric Erlandson, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1965 – Andrei Nazarov, Estonian decathlete and coach
• 1965 – Joely Richardson, English actress
• 1966 – Jan Johansen, Swedish singer
• 1966 – Stephen Metcalfe, English politician
• 1967 – Carl Bell, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1967 – Claudio Caniggia, Argentinian footballer
• 1967 – Dave Matthews, South African-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1968 – Jimmy Adams, Jamaican cricketer and coach
• 1968 – Giorgos Theofanous, Greek-Cypriot composer and producer
• 1970 – Lara Fabian, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1970 – Alex Staropoli, Italian keyboard player and songwriter
• 1971 – MF Doom, English-American rapper and producer
• 1971 – Angie Martinez, American rapper, actress, and radio host
• 1971 – Hal Niedzviecki, Canadian author and critic
• 1971 – Scott Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1972 – Jay Powell, American baseball player
• 1972 – Rawson Stovall, American video game producer and author
• 1974 – Farhan Akhtar, Indian actor, singer, director, and producer
• 1975 – James Beckford, Jamaican long jumper
• 1975 – Kiko Calero, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
• 1975 – Julia Lutrova, Russian tennis player
• 1975 – Mattias Olsson, Swedish drummer and producer
• 1976 – Radek Bonk, Czech ice hockey player
• 1976 – Todd Grisham, American sportscaster
• 1977 – Viktors Dobrecovs, Latvian footballer and manager
• 1978 – Mathieu Garon, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1978 – Gennaro Gattuso, Italian footballer and manager
• 1978 – Chad Johnson, American football player and actor
• 1978 – A. J. McLean, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
• 1978 – Maggie Rizer, American model, actress, and activist
• 1979 – Athanassios Prittas, Greek footballer
• 1979 – Tomiko Van, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1980 – Édgar Álvarez, Honduran footballer
• 1980 – Sergio García, Spanish golfer
• 1980 – Luke Patten, Australian rugby league player and referee
• 1981 – Euzebiusz Smolarek, Polish footballer and manager
• 1982 – Timmy Bowers, American basketball player
• 1982 – Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
• 1982 – Grétar Steinsson, Icelandic footballer
• 1983 – Marek Doronin, Estonian basketball player
• 1984 – Benjamin Danso, German rugby player
• 1985 – Juan Francisco Torres, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – Jéferson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – Uwe Hünemeier, German footballer
• 1986 – Amanda Mynhardt, South African netball player
• 1987 – Sam Bird, English race car driver
• 1987 – Lucas Leiva, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Paolo Nutini, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1987 – Jami Puustinen, Finnish footballer
• 1988 – Katherine Copely, American ice dancer
• 1988 – Marc Crosas, Spanish footballer
• 1989 – Michael Beasley, American basketball player
• 1989 – Nina Dobrev, Bulgarian-Canadian actress and singer
• 1989 – Michaëlla Krajicek, Dutch tennis player
• 1989 – Yana Maksimava, Belarusian heptathlete
• 1989 – Chris Sandow, Australian rugby league player
• 1990 – Justin Blackmon, American football player
• 1993 – Ashley Argota, American actress and singer
• 1993 – Katarina Johnson-Thompson, English long jumper and heptathlete

Deaths

• 1150 – Emperor Xizong of Jin (b. 1119)
• 1282 – Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi, Minorcan ruler (b. 1204)
• 1283 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese general and scholar (b. 1236)
• 1324 – Marco Polo, Italian merchant and explorer (b. 1254)
• 1463 – William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent, English soldier (b. 1405)
• 1499 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1455)
• 1511 – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek scholar and academic (b. 1423)
• 1514 – Anna, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1477)
• 1534 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (b. 1477)
• 1543 – Guillaume du Bellay, French general and diplomat (b. 1491)
• 1561 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1514)
• 1571 – Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French admiral (b. 1510)
• 1598 – Jasper Heywood, English poet and scholar (b. 1553)
• 1757 – Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1688)
• 1757 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1657)
• 1766 – Thomas Birch, English historian and author (b. 1705)
• 1799 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1718)
• 1800 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (b. 1762)
• 1805 – Noble Wimberly Jones, American physician and politician (b. 1723)
• 1843 – William Hedley, English engineer (b. 1773)
• 1848 – Caroline Herschel, German-English astronomer (b. 1750)
• 1856 – Neophytos Vamvas, Greek cleric and educator (b. 1770)
• 1858 – Anson Jones, American physician and politician; 4th President of the Republic of Texas (b. 1798)
• 1873 – Napoleon III, French politician, 1st President of France (b. 1808)
• 1876 – Samuel Gridley Howe, American physician and activist (b. 1801)
• 1878 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American-English businessman (b. 1812)
• 1901 – Richard Copley Christie, English lawyer and academic (b. 1830)
• 1908 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, illustrator, and painter (b. 1832)
• 1908 – Abraham Goldfaden, Russian actor, playwright, and author (b. 1840)
• 1911 – Edwin Arthur Jones, American violinist and composer (b. 1853)
• 1911 – Edvard Rusjan, Italian-Slovene pilot and engineer (b. 1886)
• 1918 – Charles-Émile Reynaud, French scientist and educator, invented the Praxinoscope (b. 1844)
• 1923 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand-French author (b. 1888)
• 1924 – Ponnambalam Arunachalam, Sri Lankan civil servant and politician (b. 1853)
• 1927 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-German philosopher and author (b. 1855)
• 1930 – Edward Bok, Dutch-American journalist and author (b. 1863)
• 1931 – Wayne Munn, American football player and wrestler (b. 1896)
• 1936 – John Gilbert, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1899)
• 1939 – Johann Strauss III, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1866)
• 1941 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (b. 1874)
• 1945 – Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral and pilot (b. 1908)
• 1945 – Jüri Uluots, Estonian journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1890)
• 1945 – Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Turkish journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1890)
• 1946 – Countee Cullen, American poet and playwright (b. 1903)
• 1947 – Karl Mannheim, Hungarian-English sociologist and academic (b. 1893)
• 1960 – Elsie J. Oxenham, English author and educator (b. 1880)
• 1961 – Emily Greene Balch, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
• 1964 – Halide Edib Adıvar, Turkish author and academic (b. 1884)
• 1971 – Elmer Flick, American baseball player and scout (b. 1876)
• 1972 – Ted Shawn, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor and screenwriter (b. 1897)
• 1975 – Pyotr Novikov, Russian mathematician and theorist (b. 1901)
• 1979 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian engineer and architect, designed the Tour de la Bourse and Pirelli Tower (b. 1891)
• 1981 – Kazimierz Serocki, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1922)
• 1984 – Bob Dyer, American-Australian radio and television host (b. 1909)
• 1985 – Robert Mayer, German-English businessman and philanthropist (b. 1879)
• 1987 – Arthur Lake, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1988 – Peter L. Rypdal, Norwegian fiddler and composer (b. 1909)
• 1989 – Bill Terry, American baseball player and manager (b. 1898)
• 1990 – Spud Chandler, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Cemal Süreya, Turkish poet and journalist (b. 1931)
• 1992 – Steve Brodie, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1992 – Bill Naughton, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1910)
• 1993 – Paul Hasluck, Australian historian and politician, 17th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1905)
• 1994 – Johnny Temple, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
• 1995 – Souphanouvong, Laotian politician, 1st President of Laos (b. 1909)
• 1995 – Peter Cook, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 1996 – Félix González-Torres, Cuban-American sculptor (b. 1957)
• 1996 – Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author (b. 1923)
• 1997 – Edward Osóbka-Morawski, Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1909)
• 1997 – Jesse White, American actor (b. 1917)
• 1998 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 1998 – Imi Lichtenfeld, Slovakian-Israeli martial artist, founded Krav Maga (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Arnold Alexander Hall, English engineer and academic (b. 1915)
• 2000 – Nigel Tranter, Scottish historian and author (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Maurice Prather, American photographer and director (b. 1926)
• 2003 – Will McDonough, American journalist (b. 1935)
• 2004 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1909)
• 2006 – Andy Caldecott, Australian motorcycle racer (b. 1964)
• 2007 – Elmer Symons, South African motorcycle racer (b. 1977)
• 2007 – Jean-Pierre Vernant, French anthropologist and historian (b. 1914)
• 2008 – Johnny Grant, American radio host and producer (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Mehran Ghassemi, Iranian journalist and translator (b. 1977)
• 2008 – John Harvey-Jones, English businessman and television host (b. 1924)
• 2009 – Rob Gauntlett, English mountaineer and explorer (b. 1987)
• 2009 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author and poet (b. 1914)
• 2010 – Vimcy, Indian journalist (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Makinti Napanangka, Australian painter (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Brian Curvis, Welsh boxer (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Augusto Gansser-Biaggi, Swiss geologist and academic (b. 1910)
• 2012 – Salvador A. Rodolfo, Sr., Filipino soldier (b. 1919)
• 2012 – William G. Roll, German-American psychologist and parapsychologist (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Malam Bacai Sanhá, Guinea-Bissau politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1947)
• 2012 – László Szekeres, Hungarian physician and academic (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Brigitte Askonas, Austrian-English immunologist and academic (b. 1923)
• 2013 – James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Robert L. Rock, American businessman and politician, 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (b. 1927)
• 2013 – John Wise, Canadian farmer and politician, 23rd Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Amiri Baraka, American poet, playwright, and academic (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Josep Maria Castellet, Spanish poet and critic (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Paul du Toit, South African painter and sculptor (b. 1965)
• 2014 – Luis García, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Dale T. Mortensen, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Michel Jeury, French author (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Robert V. Keeley, Lebanese-American soldier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Greece (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Józef Oleksy, Polish economist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1946)
• 2015 – Bud Paxson, American broadcaster, founded the Home Shopping Network and Pax TV (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Roy Tarpley, American basketball player (b. 1964)
• 2016 – John Harvard, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Angus Scrimm, American actor and author (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Adrian of Canterbury
  • Black Nazarene (Manila, Philippines)
  • Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow
  • Julia Chester Emery (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • January 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • St. Stephen's Day (Eastern Orthodox)
• Start of Hōonkō (Nishi Honganji) January 9–16 (Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism)
• Martyrs' Day (Panama)
• Non-Resident Indian Day (India)
• Peace Agreement Day (South Sudan)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day