Matter

Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.

All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.

Katie Hopkins

Katie Olivia Hopkins (born 13 February 1975) is a British television personality and newspaper columnist. Hopkins first appeared on television as a contestant on the third UK series of the reality television programme The Apprentice in 2007. She frequently made personal and critical comments on camera, and turned down a place in the series' finale. She subsequently appeared in I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! on ITV and Celebrity Big Brother on Channel 5. She has written a column for British newspapers The Sun and the Daily Mail and stood as a candidate in the 2009 European Parliamentary election. She has made two appearances on the BBC's Question Time.

Hopkins has been criticised in the media and by advocacy groups and politicians for her comments about migrants, as well as accusations of classism and racism. According to Hopkins she is "pushing back the walls closing in on freedom of speech".

Early life and education

Katie Hopkins was born on 13 February 1975, in Barnstaple, Devon. Her father was an electrical engineer and she has an older sister. She was raised in Bideford, attended a private convent school from age 3 to 16, played sports and learned to play the piano and violin.

Hari Kondabolu

Hari Kondabolu is an American stand-up comic. He has appeared on television on many occasions and is known for his politically and socially charged comedy. He is also the older brother of rapper Ashok Kondabolu, who is a former member of the group Das Racist.

Education

Kondabolu attended Townsend Harris High School in Flushing, New York and graduated in 2000. He began performing standup when he then attended both Bowdoin College and Wesleyan University, graduating from the former with a B.A. in Comparative Politics in 2004. Kondabolu continues to spend part of every year in Maine. On February 23, 2007, The Bowdoin Orient reported:

Kondabolu also earned a Masters in Human Rights from the London School of Economics.

Career

Kondabolu has since made several television appearances as a stand-up comic. He made his first notable television appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! in 2007, when he also began to appear on a variety of national comedy festivals, including the 2007 HBO US Comedy Arts Festival. In October 2012, he performed stand-up on an episode of Conan and, in March 2014, he performed stand-up on The Late Show with David Letterman. Additionally, he has made several appearances on Comedy Central. Among these, he was featured in the July 18th, 2008 episode of Live at Gotham and later on the January 15th, 2010, July 20, 2012, and August 17, 2012 episodes of John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show. Most prominently, his own episode of Comedy Central Presents aired in 2011. He has also appeared a number of times on British television, including on Russell Howard's Good News in 2011 and 8 out of 10 Cats in 2012 and has acted in various comedic short films online. In 2012, he had a recurring sketch as part of BBC Three's Live at the Electric hosted by Russell Kane.