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Saqqaq culture
The Saqqaq culture (named after the Saqqaq settlement, the site of many archaeological finds) was a Paleo-Eskimo culture in Greenland.
Timeframe
The earliest known archaeological culture in southern Greenland, Saqqaq culture existed from around 2500 BCE until about 800 BCE. This culture coexisted with the Independence I culture of northern Greenland, which developed around 2400 BCE and lasted until about 1300 BCE. After the Saqqaq culture disappeared, the Independence II culture of northern Greenland and the Early Dorset culture of the West Greenland emerged. There is some debate about the timeframe of the transition from Saqqaq culture to Early Dorset in western Greenland.
In the northeastern part of Greenland, this culture is labeled "Independence I" while in the western part of Greenland, this culture is labeled "Saqqaq Culture". The Saqqaq culture came in two phases, the main difference of the two being that the newer phase adapted the use of sandstone. The younger phase of the Saqqaq culture coincides with the oldest phase of the Dorset culture.
Saqqaq
Saqqaq (old spelling: Sarqaq) is a settlement in the Qaasuitsup municipality in western Greenland. Founded in 1755 as Solsiden, Saqqaq had 188 inhabitants in 2010. The village's Kalaallisut name is a translation of the Danish meaning "Sunny Side", in reference to its position relative to Livets Top.
It is the site name for the Saqqaq culture.
Geography
It is located in the southwestern part of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, on the northern shore of Sullorsuaq Strait, northwest of Ilulissat. Immediately northeast of Saqqaq is the Livets Top mountain (1150 m).
History
Archaeological excavations in Qilakitsoq on the other side of Nuussuaq Peninsula on the shores of Uummannaq Fjord revealed the existence of an ancient Arctic culture, later named the Saqqaq culture, which inhabited the area of west-central Greenland between 2500 BCE and 800 BCE.
Recent DNA samples from human hair suggest that the ancient Saqqaq people came from Siberia about 5,500 years ago and independent of the migration that gave rise to the modern Native Americans and the Inuit.
