Elizabeth Kaʻahumanu (c. 1768 – June 5, 1832) was queen regent of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and a wife of Kamehameha I. She was the king's favorite wife and also the most politically powerful, and continued to wield considerable power in the kingdom as the kuhina nui during the reigns of his first two successors.

Kaʻahumanu was born in a cave called Puʻu Kauiki in Hāna on the Hawaiian Island of Maui. Her birth year is estimated to be around 1768. The present Kaahumanu Society celebrate the birthday of their namesake on March 17. Her father was Keʻeaumoku Papaʻiahiahi, a fugitive aliʻi (noble) from the island of Hawaiʻi, and her mother was Namahana'i'Kaleleokalani, the wife of her half-brother the late king of Maui, Kamehameha Nui. From her mother she was related to many kings of Maui. From her father, she was the third cousin of Kamehameha I, both sharing the common ancestor, Princess Kalanikauleleiaiwi of the island of Hawaiʻi. She was named after her fathers rival, Kahekilinuiʻahumanu because it was from him that her father was fleeing from at the time. Her name translates as the feathered mantle.