M.S.Viswanathan எம். எஸ். விஸ்வநாதன் എം.എസ്. വിശ്വനാഥന്‍
M. S. Viswanathan
Background information
Birth name	Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan
Also known as	MSV
Born	(1928-06-24) 24 June 1928 (age 84)
Origin	Palakkad, Kerala, India
Occupations	Film score composer music director
Instruments	Vocals (playback singing), keyboard/harmonium/piano
Years active	1945 to present
Labels	Mellisai Mannar
Website	http://www.msvtimes.com
Notable instruments
Harmonium

Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (born 24 June 1928; also known as M.S.V.), is a Tamil music director. He is popularly known as "Mellisai Mannar" (Tamil for "the King of Light Music"). His major works over the past five decades have been in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He has also acted and sung in a few films.

Early life[link]

Viswanathan hails from an orthodox Malayali Nair family, with parents Subramanian and Narayanikutty (or Naanikutty), in Manayangath house (from which one of his initials is derived). He was born in Elappully village in Palakkad, Kerala, India in 1928. He lost his father when he was four. He was saved by his grandfather when his mother decided to kill him and herself as an escape from abject poverty and lack of support. He sold refreshments in a movie theater during his childhood and later learned music from Neelakanda Bhagavathar. He gave his first stage performance in Trivandrum when he was 13 years old.

Viswanathan Ramamoorthy[link]

Since young, T. K. Ramamoorthy is a violinist. M. S. Viswanathan had always wanted to become an actor and singer where he had done roles in stage dramas before joining S. M. Subbaiah Naidu. Then he moved to C. R. Subburaman where he met T. K. Ramamoorthy. M. S. Viswanathan was handling the harmonium while T. K. Ramamoorthy was handling the violin for C. R. Subburaman.

In 1952, C. R. Subburaman passed away unexpectedly while in the midst of completing songs for the films which he was assigned to compose music. M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy took the lead to complete the remaining songs for those affected films such as Devadas and Kadhal. At that point of time both M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy were not official partners yet but they had just worked together. Then M. S. Viswanathan suggested to T. K. Ramamoorthy an alliance in the south by both of them teaming up such as Shankar and Jaikishen who were known as Shankar Jaikishan in the north. At first, T. K. Ramamoorthy who had been reluctant that he was already contented with the income he was receiving from being a violinist but agreed to pair on the insistence of M. S. Viswanathan.

Their first movie was Panam, a movie by A. L. Seenivasan and directed by N. S. Krishnan. It was the second film for Sivaji Ganesan and for first time their names appeared as Viswanathan-Ramamurthy. T. K. Ramamoorthy is elder to M. S. Viswanathan by seven years, but the placing of their names as Viswanathan-Ramamurthy was agreed upon by both parties on the advice of N. S. Krishnan. That was the beginning where since then both composed several hundred songs together.

On 16 June 1963, at a special function M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy were each given the title of Mellisai Mannar. It was granted by Sivaji Ganesan at the Madras Triplicane Cultural Academy. The function was supported and facilitated by the Hindu Group of Publications, especially Mr. T. M. Ramachandran, Director C. V. Sridhar and Chitralaya Gobu. Collectively they were called Mellisai Mannargal (Kings Of The Light Music).

But M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy had to split with the release of Aayirathil Oruvan on 9 July 1965. Since then both had composed for films individually. After 29 years, they had joined in 1995 for the Sathyaraj starrer Tamil film Engirundho Vanthan.

Career Life[link]

A legendary perfectionist, he established a prolific career composing film music in the Tamil film industry. As early as 1948, M. S. Viswanathan was already working with various music directors. While working under as a harmonium player and asssiting composing under C. R. Subburaman and S. M. Subbaiah Naidu and he also obtains inspiration from S. V. Venkatraman and T. R. Papa. His first score was for the film Jenova (1954). He along with T. K. Ramamoorthy dominated film music composing in the South Indian film industry during the 1950s and 1960s and composed scores for over 700 films, revitalising Chennai film music as the duo Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy. .^[1] The duo parted in 1965 and since he had composed for films individually. They rejoiced back after 29 years of separation in 1995 for Engirundho Vanthan.

His achievements range from introducing fresher melodies, style and orchestration approaches to incorporating various genres of what is now called world music into Indian cinema music. He has sung over 500 of his own songs, as well as those of other music directors like V. Kumar, Shankar Ganesh, Ilayaraaja, Gangai Amaran, Deva, Bharathwaj and A. R. Rahman. He has also scored music for many non-film albums and for political campaigns. His achievements include appearances in numerous films and television series.

He often worked with the well-known Tamil poet and lyricist Kannadasan. In recent times, Viswanathan has focused on composing devotional music and serving as a judge in Malayalam TV reality shows.

He has collaborated with Illaiyaraja in 'Mella Thiranthathu Kathathavu', 'Senthamizh Paatu' 'Vishwa Thulsi' and 'Senthamizh Selvan' starring Prashanth.

Awards[link]

M. S. Viswanathan has won many awards include the following:

• Paramacharya Award, meaning 'The Ultimate Guru' in 2006.
• Doctorate conferred by Sathyabama University in 2006.^[2]
• Madhavapeddi Satyam Award by Siva Foundation in 2005.
• Won Gold Remi Award for the best music score for movie Vishwa Thulasi in 2005.
• Life Time Achievement Award by Sangam Kala group in 2004.
• Isai Sangam honored him with Isai Peraringnar, meaning "Great Scholar in Music", in 2004.
• Kalaimamani - A jewel for art - from State Govt of Tamil Nadu
• Seventh Kamukura Award - given by Kerala Cultural Ministry.
• WorldFest Houston (USA)
• People and Media describe him as "University of Music".
• Media gave him title "Mellisai Mannar" along with T.K. Rammoorthy, meaning "King of Light Music" or "Kind of melodies".
• 'Sangeetha Saraswathi' by Poojya Sri Guruji Viswanath of Manava Seva Kendra.

Filmography[link]

This is the filmography of M. S.Viswanathan according to the language and are arranged alphabetically.

Tamil films[link]

1. 47 Natkal, 1981
2. Aadu Paambe, 1979
3. Aalaya Deepam, 1984
4. Aalayamani, 1962
5. Aalukku Oru Veedu
6. Aanandha Jothi, 1963
7. Aanandhi, 1965
8. Aandavan Kattalai, 1964
9. Aaru Pushpangal, 1977
10. Aasaikku Vayasillai
11. Aasirvadham, 1972
12. Aayiram Jenmangal, 1978
13. Aayiratthil Oruvan
14. Apoorva Raagangal, 1975
15. Agni Pravesam
16. Agni Satchi, 1982
17. Akka, 1976
18. Akkaraipachhai, 1974
19. Alaigal, 1973
20. Amarakaviyam
21. Ammavum Neeye Appavum Neeye, 1985
22. Amudha
23. Anaya Vilakku
24. Anbai Thedi
25. Anbalippu, 1969
26. Anbe Aaruyire
27. Anbe Vaa, 1966
28. Anbu Vazhi, 1968
29. Anbukkor Annan, 1971
30. Anbulla Atthan
31. Andaman Kadali
32. Andha Ezhu Natkal
33. Annaiyum Pithavum
34. Annan Oru Kovil
35. Anu
36. Anubhavam Pudumai, 1967
37. Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi
38. Arumbugal
39. Atthai Maga
40. Atthaiya Mamiya
41. Aval Oru Thamizhachi, 1986
42. Aval Oru Thodarkathai
43. Aval Sumangalidhan
44. Aval Thandha Uravu
45. Avalukendru Oor Manam
46. Avan Aval Adhu, 1980
47. Avan Oru Sarithhiram
48. Avanthan Manithan
49. Avargal
50. Azhaithhal Varuven
51. Baagiya Lakshmi, 1961
52. Babu
53. Bagapirivinai
54. Bagdad Perazhagi
55. Baktha Markandeya, 1957
56. Bale Pandiya
57. Bama Rukmani
58. Bhama Vijayam
59. Bandha Pasam
60. Bharatha Vilas
61. Bhavani
62. Billa
63. Bombai Mail
64. Brammacharigal, 1983
65. Chandrodayam
66. Chellakkili
67. Chitra Pournami
68. Chitthi
69. Chittira Chevvanam
70. Deiva Magal
71. Deiva Thirumanangal
72. Deivamagan
73. Deivathaai
74. Deiveegaragangal
75. Devi Dharisanam
76. Deviyin Thirumanam
77. Deviyin Thiruvilayadal
78. Dharmam Engey
79. Dharmaraja
80. Dheerga Sumangali
81. Dhool Parakkudhu,
82. Dikku Theriyadha Kattil
83. Disai Mariya Paravaigal
84. Gowry Kalyanam
85. Dr. Siva
86. Dravidan, 1989
87. Edhir Kalam, 1970
88. Eerikarai Poongaatre, 1990
89. Elangeswaran, 1987
90. Ellam Avale
91. En Arumai Manaivi
92. En Kelvikkenna Badhil
93. En Magan
94. En Thambi
95. Enga Mama
96. Enga Oor Kannagi
97. Enga Oor Raja
98. Enga Veettu Pillai 1965
99. Engal Kula Deivam
100. Engal Thai
101. Engal Thangam
102. Engal Vadhhiyar
103. Engapappa
104. Enginrundho Vandhal
105. Engirundho Vandhan, 1995
106. Enkadamai
107. Enna Mudalali Sowkiyama
108. Enna Thavam Seidhen
109. Ennai Pol Oruvan
110. Erattai Manidhan
111. Erimalai
112. Galatta Kalyanam
113. Ganga Gowri
114. Ganga Yamuna Kaveri
115. Garuda Sowkiyama
116. Gas Light Mangamma
117. Gauravam
118. Geetha Oru Shenbagappoo
119. General Chakkaravarthi
120. Gnana Oli
121. Gnanaparavai, 1991
122. Gowrikalyanam
123. Grihapravesam
124. Gulebagavali, 1955
125. Hello Mr. Zamindar
126. Hitler Vumanath
127. Idhaya Malar
128. Idhayathil Nee
129. Idho Enthan Deivam
130. Idhu Engga Naad
131. Idhu Satthiyam
132. Idhyakkani
133. Ilakkiya Solai
134. Ilaya Thalaimurai
135. Ilayarani Rajalatchumi
136. Imayam
137. Indru Pol Endrum Vazhga
138. Iraivan Kodutha Varam
139. Iru Dhuruvam
140. Iru Malargal
141. Iru Medaigal
142. Irumbu Pookkal
143. Ivargal Vidhhiyasamanavargal
144. Janani
145. Jayagopi
146. Jeeva Nadhi
147. Jenova, 1954
148. Jodi Sendhachhu, 1992
149. Justice Gopinath
150. Kaalam Badil Sollum
151. Kaalam Marudhu
152. Kaaviyathlaivi
153. Kadhai Kadhaiyam Karanamaam
154. Kaikoduttha Deivam
155. Kalaikoyil
156. Kalangarai Villakkam
157. Kallum Kaniyagum
158. Kalthoon
159. Kama Sasthiram
160. Kanavan
161. Kanmani Poonga
162. Kanmani Raja
163. Kanna Nalama
164. Kannan En Kadhalan
165. Kanne Kaniyamudhe
166. Kanne Pappa
167. Kannippen
168. Karnan
169. Karpagam
170. Karuppu Panam
171. Kasethan Kadavulada
172. Kaadhalikka Neramillai 1964
173. Katthiruntha Kangal
174. Kavalai Illatha Manithan
175. Kavalkaran
176. Keezhvaanam Sivakkum
177. Kizhakkum Merkum Sandikkindrana
178. Kodimalar
179. Kootu Puzhukkal
180. Kudi Irundha Koil
181. Kudumba Gauravam, 1958
182. Kudumbam Oru Kadambam, 1981
183. Kulakozhundhu
184. Kumarikottam
185. Kumarippen
186. Kungumam Kadai Solgiradhu
187. Kuppathu Raja
188. Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum
189. Kuzhandhaikkaga
190. Lakshmi Kalyanam
191. Lalitha
192. Lorry Driver Rajakannu
193. Maadi Veetu Eazhai
194. Maalai Itta Mangai
195. Maalathi
196. Maayandi
197. Maduraiyai Meetta Sundarapandian
198. Magalukkaga
199. Magane Kel
200. Magarasi Vazhga
201. Mahadevi
202. Mahalakshmi
203. Mamiyar Vijayam
204. Mamudhavalli, 1959
205. Manakannakku
206. Manal Kayiru
207. Manappanndal
208. Mangalavadhhiyam
209. Manidharil Manikkam
210. Manikandan Mahimai
211. Manikka Thottil
212. Manippayal
213. Maniyosai
214. Manmadha Leelai
215. Mannadhi Mannan
216. Mannavan Vandhanadi
217. Marumagal, 1954
218. Mayor Meenatchi
219. Mazhalai Pattalam
220. Meenatchi Thiruvilayadal
221. Meenava Nanban
222. Meendum Pallavi
223. Meendum Vazhven
224. Megathukkum Dagam Vundu
225. Mella Thirandhathu Kadavu
226. Mister Sampath
227. Mohana Punnagai
228. Mookkanankayiru
229. Moondru Deivangal
230. Moondru Mudichu
231. Motor Sundaram Pillai
232. Mridhanga Chakkravarthi
233. Mohammad Bin Thuklak
234. Mupperum Deviyar
235. Murai Ponnu
236. Mutthana Mutthallavo
237. Naalai Namadhe
238. Naalu Perukku Nandri
239. Naam Pirandha Mann
240. Naan Aanai Ittal
241. Naan Avanillai
242. Naan Kudhitthukonde Iruppen
243. Naangu Suvargal
244. Nadhi Ondru Karai Moondru
245. Nadodi
246. Nalla Mudivu
247. Nambinar Keduvadhillai
248. Namma Kuzhandaigal
249. Namma Veethu Lakshmi
250. Namnadu
251. Navagraha Nayaki
252. Nawab Naarkali
253. Nee
254. Nee Vazhavendum
255. Needhi
256. Needhikku Dhandanai
257. Needhikku Thalai Vanangu
258. Needhikkumun Neeya Naana
259. Neela Malargal
260. Neelakkadalin Orrathile
261. Neelavanam
262. Neenga Nalla Irukkanum
263. Neerum Neruppum
264. Neethibathi
265. Neeyindri Naanillai
266. Neeyum Naanum
267. Nenjam Marappadhillai
268. Nenjatthai Alli Thaa
269. Nenjil Oor Alayam
270. Nenjirukkumvarai
271. Neram Nallayirukku
272. Nermai
273. Netru Indru Naalai
274. Nichiya Thamboolam
275. Nil Gavani Kadhali
276. Nilave Malare
277. Nilave Nee Satchi
278. Nimirndhunil
279. Ninaithadhai Mudippavan
280. Ninaithale Inikkum
281. Nizhal Nijamagiradhu
282. Noolveli
283. O Manju
284. Odum Nadhi
285. Oli Vilakku
286. Om Saravana Bhava, 1997
287. Ondru Pattal Undu Vazhavu
288. Oomaithurai, 1988
289. Oorukku Oru Pillai
290. Oorukku Uzhaippavan
291. Ooty Varai Oravu
292. Ore Indiya Kanavu
293. Ore Vaanam Ore Bhoomi
294. Oru Kai Osai
295. Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal
296. Oru Nadigai Nadagam Paarkiral
297. Oru Thaai Makkal
298. Oru Varisu Vuruvagiradhu
299. Oru Veedu Oru Ulagam
300. Oru Velladu Vengaiyagiradhu
301. Paadha Kaanikkai
302. Paadhukappu
303. Paalkudam
304. Paalum Pazhamum 1961
305. Paar Magale Paar
306. Paarthal Pasi Theerum
307. Paasa Deepam
308. Paasam
309. Paasamalar
310. Paasavalai, 1956
311. Paattum Bharathamum
312. Paavamannippu
313. Pacchai Vilakku
314. Padagotti
315. Padithhal Mattum Podhuma
316. Panakkara Kudumbam
317. Panam Padaithavan
318. Panam, 1952
319. Panathottam
320. Panatthukkaga
321. Panjavarnakkili
322. Parakkum Pavai
323. Paritchaikku Neramachu
324. Partha Gyabagam Illaiyo
325. Pathi Bhakthi
326. Pattam Padavi
327. Patthini Deivam
328. Patthinippen
329. Pattikkada Pattanama
330. Pattina Pravesam
331. Payanam
332. Pazhani
333. Pen Endral Pen
334. Pen Ondru Kanden
335. Pennai Solli Kutramillai
336. Periya Idatthu Pen
337. Perum Pughazhum
338. Perumaikkuriyaval
339. Petralthan Pillaiya
340. Petramaganai Vitra Annai
341. Pillaiyo Pillai
342. Pilot Premnath
343. Poikkal Kudhirai
344. Pokkiri Raja
345. Police Police
346. Policekaran Magal
347. Polladhavan
348. Pona Machhan Thirumbivanthan
349. Ponoonjal
350. Poojaikku Vandha Malar
351. Pookkari
352. Poova Thalaiya
353. Porter Kandan
354. Porter Ponnusami
355. Praptham
356. Pudhaiyal
357. Pudhiya Bhoomi
358. Pudiya Paravai
359. Punidha Anthoniar
360. Punnagai
361. Punniya Bhoomi
362. Punniyam Seidaval
363. Puyal Kadandha Boomi
364. Raaman Etthanai Ramanadi
365. Raman Thediya Seethai
366. Raanuva Veeran
367. Ragasiya Police 115
368. Raja
369. Raja Malayasimhan
370. Raja Nadai
371. Raja Thandhiram
372. Raja Veetu Kannukutti
373. Rajapart Rangadurai
374. Ramu
375. Rani
376. Rasatthi Kalyanam
377. Rathhinapuri Ilavarasi
378. Rattha Pasam
379. Rikshawkaran
380. Rojavin Raja
381. Roshakkari
382. Rudra Thandavam
383. Saanthi Nilayam
384. Samayalkaran
385. Sandhadhi
386. Sandhippu
387. Sandirani, 1953
388. Sange Muzhangu
389. Sangili
390. Sankar Salim Saiman
391. Santhi
392. Saranalayam
393. Saritthira Nayagan
394. Sattam Oru Vilayattu
395. Satthiya Sundaram
396. Saval
397. Savale Samali
398. Savithri
399. School Master
400. Seer Varisai
401. Selvamagal
402. Senthamarai
403. Senthamizh Selvan, 1994
404. Senthamizhpattu
405. Sarvar Sundaram
406. Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal
407. Silambu
408. Silk Silk Silk
409. Simla Special
410. Sirai
411. Siranjeevi
412. Sirithu Vazhavendum
413. Sivagangai Cheemai
414. Sivakamiyin Selvan
415. Sivandha Mann
416. Sivappu Malargal
417. Sivappu Sooriyan
418. Sivappukal Mookuthhi
419. Sollatthan Ninaikiren
420. Sondham
421. Soodhattam
422. Sorga Vasal
423. Sorgam
424. Sri Ramajayam
425. Sudandhira Nattin Adimaigal
426. Sudarum Sooravaliyum
427. Sugam Engey
428. Sugamana Raagangal
429. Sujatha
430. Sumaithaangi
431. Sumangali
432. Sumathi En Sundari
433. Suprabatham
434. Suriya Gandhi
435. Taxi Driver
436. Thaai
437. Thaai Pirandhal
438. Thaai Veetu Seedhanam
439. Thaali Dhanam
440. Thaamarai Nenjam
441. Thalai Kodutthan Thambi
442. Thalaiprasavam
443. Thambadhigal
444. Thambathyam Oru Sangeetham
445. Thanga Padhakkam
446. Thanga Padhumai, 1960
447. Thanga Rangan
448. Thangadurai
449. Thangai
450. Thangaikkaga
451. Thani Kudithhanam
452. Thanneer Thanneer
453. Thannga Kalasam
454. Thappu Kanakku
455. Tharasu
456. Thattungal Thirakkapadum
457. Thavapudhalvan
458. Thedivandha Mappillai
459. Thee
460. Theerpu
461. Thenaliraman
462. Thendral Veesum
463. Thenum Paalum
464. Thillu Mullu
465. Thirisoolam
466. Thirudan
467. Thirudi
468. Thirumangalyam
469. Thiruppam
470. Thiruppangal
471. Thiyagi
472. Thunaivi
473. Thunivey Thunai
474. Ulagam Sutrum Valiban
475. Unakkaga Naan
476. Ungalil Orutthi
477. Unmaigal
478. Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna
479. Unnai Vidamatten
480. Urimaikural
481. Uttharavindri Ulle Vaa
482. Uzhaikkum Karangal
483. Vaa Kanna Vaa
484. Vaayadi
485. Vaazhkai Padagu
486. Vadai Malai
487. Vaira Nenjam
488. Vairamalai
489. Valayal Chattham
490. Vandikaran Magan
491. Vannakathhukuriya Kadaliye
492. Varam
493. Varumaiyin Niram Sigappu
494. Varuvan Vadivelan
495. Vasantha Raagam
496. Vasanthathil Oor Nal
497. Vayasupponnu
498. Vazahvu En Pakkam
499. Vazhkai Vazhvadarke
500. Vazhndhu Kattugiren
501. Veeduvarai Uravu
502. Veerathirumagan
503. Veettuku Oru Pillai
504. Veetukku Veedu
505. Velli Radham
506. Velundu Vinai Illai
507. Vennira Aadai
508. Vetri Vinayagar, 1996
509. Vishwa Thulasi, 2004
510. Viswaroopam
511. Uyarntha Manithan
512. Vuyira Manama
513. Yamirukka Bayamen
514. Yuddha Kaandam

Telugu films[link]

1. Praja Rajyam
2. Santhosham
3. Tenali Ramakrishna (1956)
4. Baktha Markandeya
5. Maa Gopi
6. Raja Malayasimhan
7. Intiki Deepam Illale
8. Aasha Jeevulu
9. Ammai Kaarisi
10. Premalu Pellillu
11. Anthuleni Katha (1976)
12. Chilakamma Cheppindi (1977)
13. Idi Katha Kaadu (1979)
14. Aakali Rajyam (1981)
15. Tholi Kodi Koosindi (1980)
16. 47 Rojulu (1981)
17. Maanasa Veena
18. Simha Baludu
19. Chatte Kaladi Chattaiya
20. Samrat Asoka
21. Triloka Sundari
22. Maro Charithra (1978)
23. Ramu
24. Mahadevi
25. Moratodu
26. Kokilamma (1983)
27. Laila

Malayalam films[link]

1. Janova
2. Lanka Dahanam
3. Manthrakodi
4. Pani Theeratha Veedu
5. Jesus
6. Divya Darsanam
7. Chandrakaantham
8. Jeevikkan Marannupoya Sthree
9. Babu Mon
10. Ullasayathra
11. Dharma Kshethre Kurukshethre
12. Aval Oru Thudarkadha
13. Panchami
14. Ajayanum Vijayanum
15. Yakshaganam
16. Themmadi Velappan
17. Rajayogam
18. yakshaganam
19. Kuttavum Sikshayum
20. Hridayame Saakshi
21. Ormakal Marikkumo
22. Akshaya Pathram
23. Rathi Manmadhan
24. Amme Anupame
25. Parivarthanam
26. Sangamam
27. Chila Nerangalil Chila Manushyar
28. Madhurikkunna Rathri
29. Randu Penkuttikal
30. Sundarimarude Swapnangal
31. Muhammadum Musthafayum
32. Velluvili
33. Snehathinte Mukhangal
34. Itha Oru Manushyan
35. Randilonnu
36. Viswa Roopam
37. Iniyum Kanam
38. Indra Dhanussu
39. Simhasanam
40. Pathivrtha
41. Venalil Oru Mazha
42. Vadaka Veedu
43. Oru Ragam Pala Thalam
44. Jeevitham Oru Ganam
45. Manikoya Kurup
46. Ezham Kadalinakkare
47. Lorry
48. Theeram Thedunnavar
49. Swarga Devatha
50. Avan Oru Ahankari
51. Kolilakkam
52. Panchapandavar
53. Jeevikkan Padikkanam
54. Thirakal Ezhuthiya Kavitha
55. Ankuram
56. Marmaram
57. Kaikeyi
58. Sneha Bandhanam
59. Ariyatha Vedhikal
60. Minimol Vathikkanil
61. Athirathram
62. Thennal Thedunna Poovu
63. Idanilangal
64. Priyamvadakkoru Pranayageetham
65. Amme Bhagavathi
66. Bhagavan
67. Ariyatha Bandham
68. Samskaram
69. Kai Ethum Doorathu (Old)
70. Iyyer The Great
71. Oliyambukal
72. Veeralippattu
73. Sthreekku Vendi Sthree
74. Sabarimalayil Thanka Sooryodayam
75. Amma Ammayiyamma
76. Valkannezhuthi (Hold)

References[link]

External links[link]

• M. S. Viswanathan's official website

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A Master of Science (Latin: Magister Scientiæ; abbreviated M.Sc., MSc, M.Sci., M.Si., Sc.M., M.S., MSHS, MS, Mag., Mg., Mgr, S.M., or SM) is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.

Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay[link]

In Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, the Master of Science or Magister is a postgraduate degree of two to four years of duration.^[1] The admission to a Master program (Castilian: Maestría; Portuguese: Mestrado) in an Brazilian, Argentine or Uruguayan University requires the full completion of an undergraduate degree, as well Licentiate's degree as Professorate degree of four to five years long from any recognized university. Under the accomplishment of the Magister Scientiæ thesis dissertation, that in years of formal education, is generally equivalent to a Ph.D. or Doctorate in universities of North America or Europe given the Bologna comparison system among academic programs.

Australia[link]

Australian universities commonly have coursework or research based Master of Science courses for graduate students. They typically run for 1–2 years full-time, with varying amounts of research involved. Research based Masters degrees are usually accompanied by an extensive thesis before completion. In some universities, as in the University of Melbourne an intensive 1 year Master is offered before getting into the Ph.D program with the name of "Bachelor of Science with Honours".

Bangladesh[link]

In Bangladesh, all universities, including Dhaka University and Rajshahi University, have Master of Science courses as postgraduate degrees. After passing Bachelor of Science (BSc), any student becomes eligible to study in this discipline.

Canada[link]

In Canada, Master of Science (MSc) degrees may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or (more typically) a mixture. Master's programs typically take one to three years to complete and the completion of a scientific thesis is often required. Admission to a master's program is contingent upon holding a four year university bachelor's degree. Some universities require a masters degree in order to progress to a doctoral program (PhD).

Czech Republic and Slovakia[link]

The Czech Republic and Slovakia are using two Master Degree systems. Both award a title of Mgr. or Ing. to be used before the name. The older system requires a 5-years programme. The new system takes only 2 years, but requires a previously completed 3-year bachelor programme (a Bc. title).

Germany[link]

The Master of Science (M.Sc.) academic degree has been recently introduced in Germany, as the once common Diplom programmes typically lasting four to five years were replaced by separate three-year bachelor and two-year master programs. It is awarded in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields, and, depending on the focus of studies, also in engineering, business or economics. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All Master's degrees in Germany are designed to certify an equal level of education and qualify for a doctorate program.

The degree Master of Science is often awarded in English form, but institutions can alternatively award it in the German form, Magister der Wissenschaften. The graduate needs to use it as awarded and cannot choose which form to use.^[2]

India[link]

Similar to United States or UK. The M.Sc. is mostly a "taught" programme spanning 2 years. Some universities stress research more than others.

Italy[link]

Similar to Germany. The degree Master of Science is awarded in Italian form Laurea Magistrale (formerly Laurea quinquennale o Vecchio Ordinamento, then Laurea Specialistica).

Netherlands[link]

Similar to Germany. A graduate who is awarded the title Master of Science may still use the previously awarded Dutch title ingenieur (for graduates who followed a technical or agricultural programme) or doctorandus (in all other cases).

Norway[link]

The Master of Science academic degree has been recently introduced, and has replaced the previous award forms "Sivilingeniør" (civil engineer, a.k.a. engineering master) and "Hovedfag" (academic master). Both were awarded after 5 years university-level studies and required the completion of a scientific thesis.

"Siv.ing", is a protected title exclusively awarded to engineering students who completed a five year education at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norwegian: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, NTNU). Historically there was no Bachelor's degree involved, and today's program is a five years Master's degree education. The "Siv.ing" title is in the process of being phased out, replaced by (for now, complemented by) the "M.Sc" title. By and large, "Siv.ing" is a title tightly being held on to for the sake of tradition. In academia, the new program offers separate three-year bachelor and two-year master programs. It is awarded in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All Master's degrees are designed to certify a level of education and qualify for a doctorate program.

Pakistan[link]

Pakistan inherited its conventions pertaining to higher education from United Kingdom after independence in 1947. Master of Science degree is typically abbreviated as M.Sc. (as in United Kingdom) and which is awarded after 16 years of education. Recently, in pursuance to some of the reforms by the Higher Education Commission (the regulatory body of higher education in Pakistan), the traditional 2-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree has been replaced by the 4-year Bachelor of Science degree, which is abbreviated as B.S. to enable the Pakistani degrees at par with the rest of the world. Subsequently, students who pass 4-year B.S. degree that is awarded after 16 years of education are then eligible to apply for M.S. degree, which is considered at par with Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) degree.

Poland[link]

The Polish equivalent of Master of Science is "magister" (abbreviation "mgr", placed before one's name, like Dr). In the 2001, the MSc programs typically lasting 5 years started to split and were replaced as described below:

• 3-year bachelor programs (termed "licencjat". No abbreviation or title is placed before one's name)
• 3.5-year engineer programs (termed "inżynier" with abbreviation "inż.", placed before one's name)
• 2-year master programs available to both bachelors and engineers.
• 1.5-year master programs available only to engineers.

The degree is awarded mostly in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields, and economics, but also in the arts and other disciplines. Those who finished engineer program prior to being awarded master degree are allowed to precede their names by "mgr inż." (which literally means "master engineer"), that occurs mostly in engineering and agricultural field of studies. The completion of a research thesis is required. All Master's degrees in Poland qualify for a doctorate program.

Sweden[link]

The Master of Science academic degree has, like in Germany, recently been introduced in Sweden. Students studying Master of Science in Engineering programmes are rewarded both the English Master of Science Degree, but also the Swedish equivalent "Teknologie masterexamen" and "Civilingenjör".

United Kingdom and Ireland[link]

The M.Sc. is typically a "taught" postgraduate degree, involving lectures, examination, and a short project. Taught masters programmes involve 1 or 2 years of full-time study (or the equivalent period part-time). Some universities also offer research MSc programmes, where a longer project or set of projects is undertaken full-time.

Until recently, both the undergraduate and postgraduate masters degrees were awarded without grade or class (like the class of an honours degree). Nowadays however, masters degrees are normally classified into the categories of Pass and Distinction, with some universities also using an intermediate Merit category.^{[citation needed]}

The more recent M.Sci degree, now offered by UK institutions, is an abbreviation for Master in Science. It is equally reputed and acknowledged by employers within the UK and internationally. According to the UK National Qualifications Framework, an M.Sci. and other such masters degrees (M.Phys., M.Chem. etc.) are termed integrated masters and are classed as level 7 qualifications—the same level as a Master of Science or Master of Arts degree.^[3] In the final year, students enrolled in an M.Sci degree must undertake the same modules, as well as a research dissertation, just like someone enrolled in a postgraduate MA or MSc degree. Many research universities are now demanding M.Sci. degrees for entry to Ph.D. research programmes.^{[citation needed]}

This education pattern in United Kingdom is also followed in Hong Kong SAR and in many Commonwealth Nations such as Malta, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

United States[link]

The Master of Arts (Magister Artium) and Master of Science (Magister Scientiæ) degrees are the two primary types in most subjects and may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or (more typically) a mixture.

Admission to a master's program is normally contingent upon holding a bachelor's degree, and progressing to a doctoral program may require a master's degree. In some fields or graduate programs, work on a doctorate can begin immediately after the bachelor's degree. Some programs provide for a joint bachelor's and master's degree after about five years. Some universities use the Latin degree names, and due to the flexibility of word order in Latin, Artium Magister (AM) or Scientiæ Magister (SM) may be used at some schools.

See also[link]

• Master of Science in Accounting
• Master of Science in Administration
• Master of Science in Corporate Communication
• Master of Science in Project Management
• Master of Science in Economics
• Master of Science in Engineering
• Master of Science in Finance
• Master of Science in Information Systems
• Master of Science in Information Technology
• Master of Science in Management
• Master of Science in Nursing
• Master of Science in Geographic Information Science and Systems
• Master of Social Science

References[link]

Mani Ratnam
Mani Ratnam at the premiere of Raavan in 2010
Born	Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam (1956-06-02) 2 June 1956 (age 56) Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India[1][2]
Residence	Alwarpet, Chennai, India
Occupation	Film director Film producer Screenwriter
Years active	1983–present
Spouse	Suhasini (1988–present)

Mani Ratnam (born Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam on 2 June 1956) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer, predominantly working in Tamil cinema, based in Chennai, India. Born into a Tamil Brahmin family in Madurai, Ratnam worked as a management consultant before entering into the film industry. He made his directorial debut with the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi in 1983, and followed this with the Malayalam film Unaru (1984) and the Tamil film Pagal Nilavu (1985). Ratnam came into prominence after Mouna Ragam (1986), a film about the friction between a newly–wed couple. He made his Telugu debut with the National Film Award winning Geethanjali (1989), which was critically acclaimed and a major commercial success. Ratnam is also known for his "Terrorism trilogy" consisting of Roja (1992), Bombay (1995) and Dil Se.. (1998). He is widely regarded as one of the leading directors in Indian cinema.^[3] Ratnam is widely credited with having revolutionised the Tamil film industry and altering the profile of Indian cinema.^[4]

Ratnam's Nayagan (1987) and Anjali (1990) were submitted by India for the Academy Award consideration in the category of Best Foreign Language Film.^[5] His Tamil film Nayagan along with Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy (1955-1959) and Guru Dutt's Pyaasa (1957) are the only Indian films to have appeared in Time magazine's All-Time 100 Greatest Movies.^[6]

Ratnam is married to actress Suhasini. In 2002 he was honoured with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award given by the Government of India. Ratnam has won several film awards, including six National Film Awards. In addition to these, he is a recipient of a number of awards at various International film festivals. He has also been instrumental in organizing Netru, Indru, Naalai, a stage musical which has helped mentally affected women and children.

Early life and background[link]

Mani Ratnam with his wife Suhasini.

Mani Ratnam was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu.^[2][7] His birth name is Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam.^[8] His father, Ratnam Iyer, was a film producer who worked under the banner of production company, Venus Pictures.^[9] Ratnam grew up in Chennai,^[10] doing his schooling there completed his graduation with a degree in commerce from Madras University, Chennai^[11] and then obtained an MBA from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies,^[12] after which he worked as a management consultant before becoming a filmmaker.^[4]

Ratnam had two brothers—G. Venkateswaran and G. Srinivasan—both of them film producers. The former was a prominent personality who produced many of Ratnam's films, including Mouna Ragam, Nayagan, Agni Natchathiram, Thalapathi, and Anjali,^[4] later committed suicide in 2003, reportedly because of financial problems.^[13][9] His younger brother, G. Srinivasan died in an accident while trekking in Manali on 27 May 2007.^[14] In 1988 Ratnam married Suhasini, the niece of Kamal Haasan and daughter of Charuhasan.^[15][16] Suhasini is a National Award-winning actress and a well-known filmmaker as well.^[16] They have a son named Nandhan.^[17] Charuhasan, his father-in-law,^[18] is a National Award-winning actor.^[19] Ratnam lives in Alwarpet, Chennai, where he runs Madras Talkies, his production company.^[20][21]

Career[link]

Early years: 1983–85[link]

Unlike many film-makers, Ratnam neither assisted in film-making nor worked as a cinematographer before making a name for himself in the industry.^[22] He made his directorial debut in 1983 with the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi, which starred Anil Kapoor and Lakshmi.^[23] The film explored the relationship between a young man and an older woman. Ratnam persuaded acclaimed director and cinematographer Balu Mahendra to serve as his cinematographer.^[23] Ratnam's screenplay won a Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay.^[24] His second film was a Malayalam production titled Unaru. It explored the trade union problems in Kerala.^[25] His next film, Pagal Nilavu starring Murali and Revathi, marked his directional debut in Tamil cinema.^[26] The same year, he directed Idaya Kovil, a romantic drama which proved to be a major box-office success.^[24]

Breakthrough: 1986–1991[link]

In 1986, Ratnam directed the Tamil romantic drama Mouna Ragam, which starred Revathi and Mohan. The film was critically acclaimed for portraying urban Tamils in a "realistic" manner.^[27] Specifically, it told the story of the friction between a newlywed couple.^[24] Its score by Ilaiyaraaja was highly appreciated and became popular upon release.^[28] Mouna Raagam was subsequently dubbed into Telugu under the same title and became a hit in Andhra Pradesh.^[29] The film elevated Ratnam's status as a director and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 34th National Film Awards. Ratnam won his first Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Director for the film.^[30][24]

In 1987, Ratnam directed Nayagan starring Kamal Haasan, and the film became a huge success and brought him recognition at the national level.^[27][31] Inspired by the 1972 American epic crime film, The Godfather,^[32][4] the film was based on the real-life story of underworld king Varadarajan Mudaliar,^[33][27] and tells the story of an orphaned slum-dweller and his rise to top of the Mumbai underworld hierarchy,^[28] was included in Time magazine's All-Time 100 Greatest Movies in 2005.^[6] Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy and Guru Dutt's Pyaasa are the only other Indian films that have appeared in the list.^[34] Indian critics dubbed the film as India's answer to The Godfather.^[35][36][37] Nayagan was both commercially successful and critically acclaimed winning three National Awards—Best Actor, Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction—at the 35th National Film Awards.^[31][28] The film was India's official entry to the Oscars for Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards.^[38]

Following these two commercial successes, Ratnam wrote and directed Agni Natchathiram in 1988.^[39] The film deals with the story of step-brothers played by Prabhu and Karthik^[28] and is notable for its use of new techniques in camera framework, especially during the songs.^[40] The film had a successful run in the box office.^[4][39]

In 1989 Ratnam opted to make his next project, Geethanjali, his maiden venture in Telugu.^[31] Starring Nagarjuna in the lead role, the film told the story of an ill-fated couple, both of whom are suffering from terminal diseases.^[4] Geethanjali was critically acclaimed and won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment in 1990 and fetched the Nandi Award for Best Story Writer for Ratnam.^[41] Ratnam maintained a momentum of making emotional stories of under-served people through the film Anjali in 1990, which starred Raghuvaran and told the story of an autistic child who changed the lives of people around her.^[42] The film proved to be a commercial success and was nominated as India's official entry to the Oscars in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 63rd Academy Awards.^[42][43] Following Anjali's release, Ratnam later made another underworld-themed Tamil film, Thalapathi (1991), starring Rajinikanth and Mammootty.^[44] The film was an adaptation of Mahabharata, dealt with the friendship between Karna and Duryodhana portrayed by Rajinikanth and Mammmooty respectively.^[45] The film met with both critical acclaim and commercial success upon release.^[46] Ilaiyaraaja's musical score and Ratnam's work were highly appreciated as they both went on to win the Music Director and Best Director awards respectively at the 39th Filmfare Awards.^[47]

International acclaim: 1992–99[link]

With Thalapathi, Mani Ratnam ended his long-term association with music director Ilaiyaraaja, bringing in debutant music director A. R. Rahman to score his Tamil classic Roja (1992). The venture was successful, earning Ratnam various awards. Roja, a romantic film, was about terrorism in the Kashmir region.^[4] Starring Arvind Swamy and Madhoo, it was nominated for the Golden St. George Award at the Moscow International Film Festival.^[48] It became highly popular, gaining an iconic status in Indian cinema and was dubbed into other languages and met similar success in other regions.^[49] Ratnam took a more light-hearted approach with his next film —Thiruda Thiruda (1993). Scripted by Ram Gopal Varma,^[50] it explored the action and thriller genres,^[51] was a departure from Ratnam's previous style, did not fare well at the box office. A retrospective of his Tamil films was held at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994.^[2]

Ratnam again teamed up with Ram Gopal Varma to provide the screenplay for the latter's Telugu film Gaayam, a socio-politico film loosely based on The Godfather.^[52] In 1995, Ratnam returned to Tamil language drama through Bombay starring Arvind Swamy and Manisha Koirala, which told the story of a Hindu-Muslim couple in the midst of the 1993 religious Bombay riots and bombings. It was also the first Indian film to focus on marriage between Hindu and Muslim people.^[53] The film met with controversy and censorship upon release,^[53] was subsequently dubbed into Hindi and was commercially and successful and appreciated by critics.^[31] It won a number of awards, such as Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration, Special Award from the Political Film Society,^[54] In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem International Film Festival^[55] and the Gala Award at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.^[56]

Ratnam produced his wife's directorial debut film, Indira,^[57] and the critical success Iruvar, his next film as director. Iruvar was honoured the Best Film at the "Festival of the Auteur Films" at the FEST film festival held in Belgrade.^[58] In 1998 came the third part of his "terrorism trilogy", named Dil Se.. and starring Shahrukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, with the latter fabricating the second collaboration.^[59] It showed the relationship between a young man and a dangerous, disturbed woman. Although they fall in love, she is unable to take the romance further due to her bleak past. The soundtrack album, again composed by A. R. Rahman, gained mass appeal and gave Rahman his next Filmfare Award for Best Music Direction in 1999.^[60][61] Unlike his previous two projects, Dil Se.. opened with well note among the film critics and the film poorly performed in the domestic market,^[62] despite being a success overseas.^[63][64][65] It was screened in many international film festivals, and won the Netpac award (Ex-Aqueo) in the Berlin International Film Festival.^[66] In 2000, Ratnam directed the romantic drama Alaipayuthey that starred R. Madhavan and Shalini. The film focussed on marriage and explored relationships and their consequences, and garnered critical recognition.^[67][68] It was also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival.^[69]

Along with Vasanth, he was instrumental in organising Netru, Indru, Naalai,^[70] a stage musical that marked the first theatre production, with numerous other artistes, to aid The Banyan, an organization that rehabilitates women and children with mental illness.^[71][72]

[edit] Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards: 2002–present

Ratnam's following project, Kannathil Muthamittal, dealt with the story of a child of Sri Lankan Tamil parentage adopted by Indian parents, who wishes to meet her biological mother during the Sri Lankan Civil War.^[73] The film was critically lauded and commercially successful, winning six National Film Awards, Filmfare Award for Best Direction in Tamil, In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem Film Festival^[74] and an award at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles.^[75] In 2004, he made a Hindi film titled Yuva, his second venture into Bollywood. The film, which tells the story of how one incident sends the lives of three youths on a collision course, received positive reviews and was a hit in the box office.^[76] Ratnam made the film simultaneously in Tamil as Aaytha Ezhuthu, starring Surya Sivakumar, R. Madhavan and Siddharth replacing Ajay Devgn, Abhishek Bachchan and Vivek Oberoi respectively from the Hindi version.^[76] The Tamil version was appreciated by critics, unlike the Hindi version, which was a failure at the box office. Ratnam suffered his first heart attack while shooting for Yuva.^[59]

In 2007, Ratnam made Guru, a biographical film based on the life of Dhirubhai Ambani, a business magnate from India.^[77] starring Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai, through his production house, Madras Talkies.^[78] The film is set in the early 1950s, became a box office success, and received critical acclaim.^[79]

In 2010, Ratnam worked on a bilingual film, titled Raavanan in Tamil and Raavan in Hindi.^[80] The Tamil version was dubbed into Telugu and titled Villain. The film was released worldwide on 18 June 2010.^[81] The film is loosely based on the Hindu epic Ramayana; its narrative occurs over 14 days when a revolutionist named Beera, who lives in a forest, kidnaps a policeman's wife to avenge his sister's death. The Tamil version received positive reviews from the critics compared to its other versions.^[82] The New York Times called the movie a "critics' pick". However, the reviewers of the Hindi version panned the film; Rajeev Masand said it was "a crushing bore of a film, a disappointment on virtually every count"^[83] while another critic, Raja Sen commented "It's profoundly sad to see a filmmaker of Ratnam's calibre reduced to this".^[84] The Tamil version was declared a box office success.^[85] Ratnam's forthcoming film, Kadal, earlier titled Pookadai, is said to be set against the backdrop of fishermen in and around Rameswaram.^[86] It will signify the acting debut of Gautham, son of veteran actor Karthik.^[87]

Legacy[link]

Ratnam is highly credited for having revolutionized the Tamil film industry and altering the profile of Indian cinema.^[4] He has made films with a variety of genres and majority of his films are characterized by string Socio-political themes.^[88] It was mainly because of this most of his films have garnered both critical acclaim and commercial success.^[88]

With his idea of combining art and commercial elements, Ratnam was referred for bringing new dimension to the South Asian film industry.^[88] Many of his films have taken inspirations from real-life incidents such as Nayagan, Bombay, Iruvar and films like Thalapathi and Raavan were based on Indian epics.^[2] He is lauded for his casting in each of his films—he said in an interview, "I am not a director who performs and shows. I discuss the role, the scene with my actors and let them bring life to it".^[2]

Ratnam is also well recognized outside India with a retrospective of his films held at various film festivals around the world such as Toronto International Film Festival, Pusan International Film Festival, Tokyo Filmex and Birmingham International Film Festival.^[58] His films are being screened regularly at many film festivals such as Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival, Rotterdam Film Festival, Montreal Film Festival and Palm Springs International Film Festival.^[58]

Ratnam's aspiration towards films grew up watching films of K. Balachander, Guru Dutt and Sivaji Ganesan.^[89] His is greatly influenced by the film-making styles of Akira Kurosawa, Martin Scorsese, Krzysztof Kieślowski and Ingmar Bergman.^[89]

Awards and honors[link]

The Government of India honoured Ratnam with Padma Shri in 2002.^[90] He has won several National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards, Filmfare Awards South and state awards. Apart from these awards, many of his films have been screened at various film festivals and have won numerous accolades. Geethanjali, directed by him won the Golden Lotus Award for Best Popular Film at the 37th National Film Awards. Other films like Mouna Ragam, Anjali, and Kannathil Muthamittal have won the Best Regional Film awards at the National Film Awards. Two of his films, Roja and Bombay have won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. The former was also nominated for Best Film category at the Moscow International Film Festival.^[91] In 2010, Ratnam was honoured with Jaeger-Lecoultre Glory to the Filmmaker at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.^[27][92]

Filmography[link]

The following is the list of films directed by Mani Ratnam. Many have been remade or dubbed in several languages, mostly in Telugu and Hindi.

See also[link]

• List of films directed by Mani Ratnam featuring A. R. Rahman

Notes[link]