A cappella

A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

Religious origins

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella, and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

Dave Audé

Dave Audé is a producer, house DJ, and remixer. He operates both his own Audacious Records, and is known for co-founding Moonshine Music in the 1990s. He has done production for artists such as U2, will.i.am, t.A.T.u., Katy Perry, Barenaked Ladies, Faith No More, Rihanna, Yoko Ono, Madonna, CeCe Peniston, Jennifer Lopez, Celine Dion, Selena Gomez and Beyoncé. Audé has scored 11 hit singles thus far on the Billboard charts, along with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In 2010 he was nominated for a Grammy for his remix of Dean Coleman "I Want You". Dave Audé's songs are represented by Downtown Music Publishing.

Biography

Audé is the older brother of former Major League Baseball player Rich Audé. Audé began his career teaching at the Los Angeles Recording Workshop as a MIDI instructor at the age of 22. In the 90's, he began making house music at Truth, a Los Angeles dance club, and formed Lunatic Fringe with the club's owner, Steve Levy. They founded Moonshine Music, a record label, together, and built a studio in West Hollywood.

Russian roulette

Russian roulette (Russian: Русская рулетка) is a lethal game of chance in which a player places a single round in a revolver, spins the cylinder, places the muzzle against their head, and pulls the trigger. "Russian" refers to the supposed country of origin, and roulette to the element of risk-taking and the spinning of the revolver's cylinder being reminiscent of spinning a roulette wheel.

Because only one chamber is loaded, the player has a one in x chance of hitting the loaded chamber, where x is the number of chambers in the cylinder. So, for instance, for a revolver that holds six rounds, the chance is one in six. That assumes that each chamber is equally likely to come to rest in the "correct" position. However due to gravity, in a properly maintained weapon with a single round inside the cylinder, the full chamber, which weighs more than the empty chambers, will usually end up near the bottom of the cylinder when its axis is not vertical, altering the odds in favor of the player. This only applies to swing-out cylinder type revolvers, and only if the cylinder is spun outside of the revolver and allowed to come to a complete stop before locked back in.

The Joy

The Joy may refer to: