- published: 08 Jul 2016
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The Iberian Peninsula /aɪˈbɪəriən pəˈnᵻnsjᵿlə/, also known as Iberia /aɪˈbɪəriə/, is located in the southwest corner of Europe and is divided among three states: Spain, Portugal, and Andorra; as well as Gibraltar, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. With an area of approximately 582,000 km2 (225,000 sq mi), it is the third largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian and Balkan peninsulas.
The English word Iberia was adapted from the use of the Ancient Greek word Ιβηρία (Ibēría) by Greek geographers under the rule of the Roman Empire to refer to what is known today in English as the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, the name did not describe a single political entity or a distinct population of people. Strabo's Iberia was delineated from Keltikē (Gaul) by the Pyrenees and included the entire land mass southwest (he says "west") of there.
The ancient Greeks discovered the Iberian Peninsula by voyaging westward.Hecataeus of Miletus was the first known to use the term around 500 BC.Herodotus of Halicarnassus says of the Phocaeans that "it was they who made the Greeks acquainted with ... Iberia." According to Strabo, prior historians used Iberia to mean the country "this side of the Ἶβηρος (Ibēros)" as far north as the river Rhône in France, but currently they set the Pyrenees as the limit. Polybius respects that limit, but identifies Iberia as the Mediterranean side as far south as Gibraltar, with the Atlantic side having no name. Elsewhere he says that Saguntum is "on the seaward foot of the range of hills connecting Iberia and Celtiberia."
Iberia
Más de dos mil años nos contemplan ya;
vieja tierra, difÃcil de domar.
Muchos quisieron ésta conquistar...
uno tras otros debieron renunciar.
Tierra labrada con los huesos
de hombres que lucharon por su libertad.
Señores del mundo vinieron aquÃ...
querÃan riquezas y hallaron su fin.
Grandes imperios de tiempos atrás
tuvieron el mundo y esta tierra jamás.
Nunca jamás se nos quitó la libertad;
si se intentó, nunca dudamos en luchar.
El cielo vio guerras por tierra y por mar...
aún hay aquà hombres dispuestos
a luchar por su libertad.
Ha pasado el tiempo, la memoria se perdió;
ya pocos recuerdan el pasado esplendor.
No se ve la historia solo 100 años atrás...
la historia de un pueblo se escribe en la eternidad.
No busco banderas, ni estandarte, ni blasón;
tan sólo defiendo la tierra que me crió.