JFK (film)

JFK is a 1991 American historical legal-conspiracy thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It examines the events leading to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and alleged cover-up through the eyes of former New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner).

Garrison filed charges against New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw (Tommy Lee Jones) for his alleged participation in a conspiracy to assassinate the President, for which Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman) was found responsible by two government investigations: the Warren Commission, and the House Select Committee on Assassinations.

The film was adapted by Stone and Zachary Sklar from the books On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison and Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs. Stone described this account as a "counter-myth" to the Warren Commission's "fictional myth."

The film became embroiled in controversy. Upon JFK's theatrical release, many major American newspapers ran editorials accusing Stone of taking liberties with historical facts, including the film's implication that President Lyndon B. Johnson was part of a coup d'état to kill Kennedy. After a slow start at the box office, the film gradually picked up momentum, earning over $205 million in worldwide gross. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards (including Best Picture) and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was the most successful of three films Stone made about the American Presidency, followed later by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush.

JFK Express

The JFK Express, advertised as The Train to The Plane, was a limited express service of the New York City Subway, connecting Midtown Manhattan to John F. Kennedy International Airport. It operated between 1978 and 1990. It primarily used R46 subway cars, and operated along the IND Sixth Avenue Line, IND Fulton Street Line, and IND Rockaway Line between 57th Street in Manhattan and Howard Beach – JFK Airport in Queens. Passengers paid extra, premium fares to ride JFK Express trains. Its route bullet was colored turquoise.

Fares and rolling stock

The premium fare for the JFK Express was collected by train conductors on board, who punched the tickets that passengers had to purchase prior to boarding. In addition to the conductors, there were transit police officers aboard to provide protection for travelers.

The JFK Express used R46s exclusively for most of its existence, although near its end R44s were used when the R46s began midlife overhauls.

Service history

The JFK Express began operation on September 23, 1978, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority created a few 30-second long television commercials to promote the new service. Train ran daily from 5:00 AM to 1:00 AM on 20 minute headways. The route began at 57th Street and ran express on the IND Sixth Avenue Line to West Fourth Street – Washington Square, where it switched to the IND Eighth Avenue Line and ran express to Jay Street – Borough Hall in Downtown Brooklyn. From that point on, it ran non-stop on the IND Fulton Street Line and IND Rockaway Line to Howard Beach – JFK Airport.

Drones (Muse album)

Drones is the seventh studio album by the English rock band Muse, released on 5 June 2015 in Europe and 8 June in the United Kingdom under Warner Bros. Records and Helium-3. It was recorded between October 2014 and April 2015 at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, and co-produced by the band and Robert John "Mutt" Lange. Muse aimed to return to the simpler guitar-bass-drums rock sound of their earlier albums. It is a concept album following the protagonist's journey from abandonment to indoctrination as a "human drone" and eventual defection.Drones received generally positive reviews; critics often praised the music but criticised the lyrics. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.

Background and recording

On their previous albums The Resistance (2009) and The 2nd Law (2012), Muse experimented with orchestral and electronic music. In December 2013, Muse released a live album and video, Live at Rome Olympic Stadium; songwriter Matthew Bellamy said the band wanted the live album "to capture some of the extremes of what we've been doing since we want to go in a different direction in the future."

Indigo Renderer

Indigo Renderer is a 3D rendering software that uses unbiased rendering technologies to create photo-realistic images. In doing so, Indigo uses equations that simulate the behaviour of light, with no approximations or guesses taken. By accurately simulating all the interactions of light, Indigo is capable of producing effects such as:

Indigo uses methods such as Metropolis light transport (MLT), spectral light calculus, and virtual camera model. Scene data is stored in XML or IGS format.

Indigo (actress)

Indigo (born Alyssa Ashley Nichols, 25 June 1984, Los Angeles) is an American actress. She played Vaneeta on the Showtime series Weeds and Rona, one of the vampire slayer potentials, in the final season of the TV series Buffy, the Vampire Slayer.

Filmography

References

External links

Indigo (Warner novel)

Indigo is a novel written by Marina Warner, published by Simon & Schuster in 1992 (ISBN 0-671-70156-8). It is a modernized and altered retelling of William Shakespeare's, The Tempest. Within the novel, Warner appropriates Shakespeare's original plot and characters to fit a dual reality, spanning the 17th and 20th Centuries, and the colonial sphere of the Caribbean alongside post-colonial London. She expands certain characters, for example, Sycorax, Shakespeare's dark witch, is given her own identity as indigo maker and village sage. The colonialist realities of 'discovery' and the conquering of 'new' lands are played out in the novel's first section. Finally, the characters of Miranda and Caliban (recreated as Dulé and George/Shaka) are unified in a shared acknowledgement of past colonial wrongs.

Further reading