November 21

November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 40 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Thursday or Friday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Sunday (56).

Events

• 164 BC – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, restores the Temple in Jerusalem. This event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah.
• 235 – Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred.
• 1009 – Lý Công Uẩn is enthroned as emperor of Đại Cồ Việt, founding the Lý dynasty.
• 1386 – Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V of Georgia captive.
• 1620 – Plymouth Colony settlers sign the Mayflower Compact (November 11, O.S.).
• 1783 – In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes, make the first untethered hot air balloon flight.
• 1789 – North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th U.S. state.
• 1832 – Wabash College is founded in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin secretary of war.
• 1877 – Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
• 1894 – Port Arthur, China, falls to the Japanese, a decisive victory of the First Sino-Japanese War, after which Japanese troops are accused of the massacre of the remaining inhabitants of the city. (Reports conflict on this subject.)
• 1902 – The Philadelphia Football Athletics defeated the Kanaweola Athletic Club of Elmira, New York, 39–0, in the first ever professional American football night game.
• 1905 – Albert Einstein's paper, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", is published in the journal Annalen der Physik. This paper reveals the relationship between energy and mass. This leads to the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc².
• 1910 – Sailors on board Brazil's most powerful military units, including the brand-new warships Minas Geraes, São Paulo, and Bahia, violently rebel in what is now known as the Revolta da Chibata (Revolt of the Lash).
• 1916 – World War I: A mine explodes and sinks HMHS Britannic in the Aegean Sea, killing 30 people.
• 1918 – The Flag of Estonia, previously used by pro-independence activists, is formally adopted as the national flag of the Republic of Estonia.
• 1918 – A pogrom takes place in Lwów (now Lviv); over three days, at least 50 Jews and 270 Ukrainian Christians are killed by Poles.
• 1920 – Irish War of Independence: In Dublin, 31 people are killed in what became known as "Bloody Sunday". This included fourteen British informants, fourteen Irish civilians and three Irish Republican Army prisoners.
• 1922 – Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia takes the oath of office, becoming the first female United States Senator.
• 1927 – Columbine Mine massacre: Striking coal miners are allegedly attacked with machine guns by a detachment of state police dressed in civilian clothes.
• 1942 – The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the highway is not usable by general vehicles until 1943).
• 1945 – The United Auto Workers strike 92 General Motors plants in 50 cities to back up worker demands for a 30-percent raise.
• 1950 – Two Canadian National Railway trains collide in northeastern British Columbia in the Canoe River train crash; the death toll is 21, with 17 of them Canadian troops bound for Korea.
• 1953 – The Natural History Museum, London announces that the "Piltdown Man" skull, initially believed to be one of the most important fossilized hominid skulls ever found, is a hoax.
• 1959 – American disc jockey Alan Freed, who had popularized the term "rock and roll" and music of that style, is fired from WABC-AM radio for refusing to deny allegations that he had participated in the payola scandal.
• 1962 – The Chinese People's Liberation Army declares a unilateral ceasefire in the Sino-Indian War.
• 1964 – The Verrazano–Narrows Bridge opens to traffic. (At the time it is the world's longest suspension bridge.)
• 1964 – Second Vatican Council: The third session of the Roman Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."
• 1969 – U.S. President Richard Nixon and Japanese Premier Eisaku Satō agree in Washington, D.C., on the return of Okinawa to Japanese control in 1972. Under the terms of the agreement, the U.S. is to retain its rights to bases on the island, but these are to be nuclear-free.
• 1969 – The first permanent ARPANET link is established between UCLA and SRI.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Operation Ivory Coast: A joint United States Air Force and Army team raids the Sơn Tây prisoner-of-war camp in an attempt to free American prisoners of war thought to be held there.
• 1971 – Indian troops, partly aided by Mukti Bahini (Bengali guerrillas), defeat the Pakistan army in the Battle of Garibpur.
• 1972 – Voters in South Korea overwhelmingly approve a new constitution, giving legitimacy to Park Chung-hee and the Fourth Republic.
• 1974 – The Birmingham pub bombings kill 21 people. The Birmingham Six are sentenced to life in prison for the crime but subsequently acquitted.
• 1977 – Minister of Internal Affairs Allan Highet announces that the national anthems of New Zealand shall be the traditional anthem "God Save the Queen" and "God Defend New Zealand", by Thomas Bracken (lyrics) and John Joseph Woods (music), both being of equal status as appropriate to the occasion.
• 1978 – French pop star Dalida performed a concert at New York's Carnegie Hall.
• 1979 – The United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, is attacked by a mob and set on fire, killing four.
• 1980 – A deadly fire breaks out at the MGM Grand Hotel in Paradise, Nevada (now Bally's Las Vegas). Eighty-seven people are killed and more than 650 are injured in the worst disaster in Nevada history.
• 1983 – US military campaign in Grenada ends.
• 1985 – United States Navy intelligence analyst Jonathan Pollard is arrested for spying after being caught giving Israel classified information on Arab nations. He is subsequently sentenced to life in prison.
• 1986 – Iran–Contra affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary start to shred documents allegedly implicating them in the sale of weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
• 1992 – A major tornado strikes the Houston, Texas area during the afternoon. Over the next two days the largest tornado outbreak ever to occur in the US during November spawns over 100 tornadoes before ending on the 23rd.
• 1995 – The Dayton Agreement is initialed at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio, ending three and a half years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agreement is formally ratified in Paris, on December 14 that same year.
• 1996 – Humberto Vidal explosion: Thirty-three people die when a Humberto Vidal shoe shop explodes.
• 1998 – The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, one of the most successful and influential video games of all time, was released in Japan.
• 2002 – NATO invites Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.
• 2004 – The second round of the Ukrainian presidential election is held, giving rise to massive protests and controversy over the election's integrity.
• 2004 – The island of Dominica is hit by the most destructive earthquake in its history. The northern half of the island sustains the most damage, especially the town of Portsmouth. It is also felt in neighboring Guadeloupe, where one person is killed.
• 2004 – The Paris Club agrees to write off 80% (up to $100 billion) of Iraq's external debt.
• 2006 – Anti-Syrian Lebanese Minister and MP Pierre Gemayel is assassinated in suburban Beirut.
• 2009 – A mine explosion in Heilongjiang province, northeastern China, kills 108.
• 2012 – At least 28 are wounded after a bomb is thrown onto a bus in Tel Aviv.
• 2013 – A supermarket roof collapse in Riga, Zolitude, Latvia killing 54 people.
• 2013 – The Euromaidan begins in Ukraine.
• 2014 – A stampede in the city of Kwekwe in Zimbabwe caused by the police firing tear gas kills at least eleven people and injures 40 others.
• 2015 – The government of Belgium imposed a security lockdown on Brussels, including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks.
• 2015 – Seven people, including the pilot, are killed in a helicopter crash on Fox Glacier in New Zealand.

Births

• 1495 – John Bale, English bishop and historian (d. 1563)
• 1567 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint, founded the Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin (d. 1621)
• 1692 – Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (d. 1768)
• 1694 – Voltaire, French historian, playwright, and philosopher (d. 1778)
• 1718 – Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg, German composer, critic, and theorist (d. 1795)
• 1729 – Josiah Bartlett, American physician and politician, 6th Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1795)
• 1737 – José Antonio Alzate y Ramírez, Spanish-Mexican scientist and cartographer (d. 1799)
• 1760 – Joseph Plumb Martin, American sergeant (d. 1850)
• 1761 – Dorothea Jordan, Irish-French actress (d. 1816)
• 1768 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian, philosopher, and scholar (d. 1834)
• 1787 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian businessman, founded the Cunard Line (d. 1865)
• 1811 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese general and politician, Viceroy of Liangjiang (d. 1872)
• 1818 – Lewis H. Morgan, American lawyer, anthropologist, and theorist (d. 1881)
• 1835 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman and financier (d. 1916)
• 1840 – Victoria, Princess Royal of England (d. 1901)
• 1851 – Désiré-Joseph Mercier, Belgian cardinal and theologian (d. 1926)
• 1852 – Francisco Tárrega, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1909)
• 1853 – Hussein Kamel of Egypt (d. 1917)
• 1854 – Pope Benedict XV (d. 1922)
• 1861 – Tom Horn, American police officer and murderer (d. 1903)
• 1866 – Sigbjørn Obstfelder, Norwegian poet and author (d. 1900)
• 1866 – Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 17th Yokozuna (d. 1914)
• 1870 – Alexander Berkman, Lithuanian-American activist and author (d. 1936)
• 1870 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (d. 1946)
• 1876 – Olav Duun, Norwegian author and educator (d. 1939)
• 1877 – Sigfrid Karg-Elert, German composer and educator (d. 1933)
• 1878 – Gustav Radbruch, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of Justice (d. 1949)
• 1882 – Harold Lowe, Welsh sailor (d. 1944)
• 1886 – Harold Nicolson, Iranian-English author and politician (d. 1968)
• 1894 – Cecil M. Harden, American politician (d. 1984)
• 1897 – Mollie Steimer, Russian-American activist (d. 1980)
• 1898 – René Magritte, Belgian painter (d. 1967)
• 1899 – Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)
• 1899 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (d. 1987)
• 1902 – Foster Hewitt, Canadian sportscaster (d. 1985)
• 1902 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• 1902 – Mikhail Suslov, Russian soldier, economist, and politician (d. 1982)
• 1904 – Coleman Hawkins, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1969)
• 1908 – Leo Politi, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1996)
• 1908 – Elizabeth George Speare, American author and educator (d. 1994)
• 1912 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (d. 1982)
• 1913 – John Boulting, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1985)
• 1913 – Roy Boulting, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001)
• 1913 – Gunnar Kangro, Estonian mathematician, author, and academic (d. 1975)
• 1914 – Nusret Fişek, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (d. 1990)
• 1914 – Henri Laborit, French physician and philosopher (d. 1995)
• 1916 – Sid Luckman, American football player and soldier (d. 1998)
• 1916 – Jadu Nath Singh, Indian soldier (d. 1948)
• 1919 – Paul Bogart, American director and producer (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Steve Brodie, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1919 – Joe Kieyoomia, American soldier (d. 1997)
• 1920 – Ralph Meeker, American actor and singer (d. 1988)
• 1920 – Stan Musial, American baseball player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1922 – María Casares, Spanish-French actress (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Abe Lemons, American basketball player and coach (d. 2002)
• 1924 – Joseph Campanella, American actor
• 1924 – Milka Planinc, Croatian politician, 28th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Christopher Tolkien, English author and academic
• 1925 – Xie Jin, Chinese director and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Veljko Kadijević, Croatian general and politician, 5th Federal Secretary of People's Defence (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Odd Børretzen, Norwegian singer, author, and illustrator (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Prem Nath, Indian actor and director (d. 1992)
• 1926 – Matti Ranin, Finnish actor and director (d. 2013)
• 1926 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Georgia Frontiere, American businesswoman (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Marilyn French, American author and academic (d. 2009)
• 1929 – Laurier LaPierre, Canadian historian, journalist, and politician (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Marjan Rožanc, Slovenian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1931 – Lewis Binford, American archaeologist and academic (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian chemist and physicist (d. 1985)
• 1931 – Stanley Kalms, Baron Kalms, English businessman
• 1931 – Malcolm Williamson, Australian pianist and composer (d. 2003)
• 1932 – Beryl Bainbridge, English author and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1932 – Chronis Exarhakos, Greek actor (d. 1984)
• 1932 – Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen, Danish composer
• 1933 – Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2014)
• 1933 – Mikijirō Hira, Japanese actor
• 1934 – Laurence Luckinbill, American actor, director, and playwright
• 1935 – Fairuz, Lebanese singer
• 1936 – Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon (d. 1991)
• 1937 – Ingrid Pitt, Polish-English actress (d. 2010)
• 1937 – Marlo Thomas, American actress and producer
• 1938 – Helen, Burmese-Indian actress and dancer
• 1939 – R. Budd Dwyer, American educator and politician, 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania (d. 1987)
• 1940 – Freddy Beras-Goico, Dominican comedian and television host (d. 2010)
• 1940 – Dr. John, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1940 – Richard Marcinko, American commander and author
• 1940 – Natalia Makarova, Russian ballerina, choreographer, and actress
• 1941 – İdil Biret, Turkish pianist and composer
• 1941 – Juliet Mills, English-American actress
• 1942 – Afa Anoaʻi, Samoan-American wrestler and manager
• 1942 – Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, German educator and politician
• 1943 – Phil Bredesen, American businessman and politician, 48th Governor of Tennessee
• 1943 – Jacques Laffite, French race car driver and sportscaster
• 1943 – Larry Mahan, American rodeo performer
• 1944 – Dick Durbin, American lawyer and politician
• 1944 – Earl Monroe, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1944 – Harold Ramis, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1945 – Goldie Hawn, American actress, singer, and producer
• 1946 – Jacky Lafon, Belgian actress
• 1947 – Nickolas Grace, English actor
• 1947 – Tiny Ron Taylor, American actor and basketball player
• 1948 – Lonnie Jordan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (War)
• 1948 – Alphonse Mouzon, American drummer and songwriter (Weather Report and The Eleventh House)
• 1948 – Michel Suleiman, Lebanese general and politician, 16th President of Lebanon
• 1948 – George Zimmer, American businessman, founded Men's Wearhouse
• 1950 – Hisham Barakat, Egyptian lawyer and judge (d. 2015)
• 1950 – Stephen Geyer, American composer
• 1950 – Gary Pihl, American guitarist (Boston)
• 1952 – Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch, Welsh banker and politician
• 1952 – Janne Kristiansen, Norwegian lawyer and jurist
• 1952 – Lorna Luft, American actress and singer
• 1953 – Tina Brown, English-American journalist and author
• 1954 – Thomas Rothman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Fiona Pitt-Kethley, English journalist, author, and poet
• 1955 – Cedric Maxwell, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1956 – Cherry Jones, American actress
• 1958 – David Reivers, Jamaican-American actor and producer
• 1959 – Sergei Ratnikov, Estonian footballer and manager
• 1960 – Brian McNamara, American actor, director, and producer
• 1960 – Brian Ritchie, American bass player and songwriter (Violent Femmes)
• 1961 – João Domingos Pinto, Portuguese footballer and manager
• 1962 – Steven Curtis Chapman, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
• 1963 – Dave Molyneux, Manx motorcycle racer
• 1963 – Nicollette Sheridan, English actress
• 1964 – Shane Douglas, American wrestler and manager
• 1964 – Charles Dunstone, English businessman, co-founded Carphone Warehouse
• 1964 – Olden Polynice, Haitian-American basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Stefan Sonnenfeld, American businessman, co-founded Company 3
• 1964 – Liza Tarbuck, English actress and radio host
• 1965 – Björk, Icelandic singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (The Sugarcubes)
• 1965 – Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (d. 1993)
• 1965 – Alexander Siddig, Sudanese-English actor and director
• 1966 – Troy Aikman, American football player and sportscaster
• 1966 – Evgeny Bareev, Russian chess player and coach
• 1966 – Andrew Caddick, New Zealand-English cricketer
• 1966 – Thanasis Kolitsidakis, Greek footballer
• 1967 – Ken Block, American race car driver
• 1967 – Tripp Cromer, American baseball player
• 1967 – Toshihiko Koga, Japanese martial artist
• 1968 – Inka Bause, German actress and singer
• 1968 – Alex James, English singer-songwriter, bass player (Blur, Fat Les, Me Me Me, and WigWam)
• 1968 – Christopher Noxon, American journalist and author
• 1968 – Sean Schemmel, American voice actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1968 – Antonio Tarver, American boxer, sportscaster, and actor
• 1969 – Ken Griffey Jr., American baseball player and actor
• 1970 – Karen Davila, Filipino journalist
• 1970 – Justin Langer, Australian cricketer and coach
• 1971 – Michael Strahan, American football player, actor, and talk show host
• 1972 – Rich Johnston, English author and critic
• 1972 – Rain Phoenix, American actress and singer (The Causey Way)
• 1972 – David Tua, Samoan-New Zealand boxer
• 1973 – Brook Kerr, American actress
• 1973 – Marko Lelov, Estonian footballer and manager
• 1973 – Inés Sastre, Spanish model and actress
• 1974 – Karen Rolton, Australian cricketer
• 1975 – Cherie Johnson, American actress and producer
• 1975 – Chris Moneymaker, American poker player and author
• 1975 – Aaron Solowoniuk, Canadian drummer (Billy Talent)
• 1976 – Saleem Elahi, Pakistani cricketer
• 1976 – Martin Meichelbeck, German footballer
• 1976 – Veronika Valk, Estonian architect and academic
• 1976 – Daniel Whiston, English figure skater
• 1976 – Michael Wilson, Australian footballer
• 1977 – Bruno Berner, Swiss footballer
• 1977 – Yolande James, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1977 – Jonas Jennings, American football player
• 1977 – Tobias Sammet, German singer-songwriter (Edguy and Avantasia)
• 1978 – Chucks Nwoko, Maltese footballer and coach
• 1978 – Daniel Bradshaw, Australian footballer
• 1978 – Lucía Jiménez, Spanish actress and singer
• 1978 – Sara Tanaka, American actress and physician
• 1979 – Kim Dong-wan, South Korean singer and actor (Shinhwa)
• 1979 – Vincenzo Iaquinta, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Stromile Swift, American basketball player
• 1979 – Alex Tanguay, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Hank Blalock, American baseball player
• 1980 – Alec Brownstein, American author and director
• 1980 – Leonardo González, Costa Rican footballer
• 1980 – Elaine Yiu, Hong Kong actress
• 1981 – Wesley Britt, American football player
• 1981 – Ainārs Kovals, Latvian javelin thrower
• 1981 – Jonny Magallón, Mexican footballer
• 1981 – Piet Rinke, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1982 – Ioana Ciolacu, Romanian fashion designer
• 1982 – Georgios Kalogiannidis, Greek archer
• 1982 – Ryan Starr, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1983 – Jamie Langley, English rugby player
• 1983 – Nikki Bella Professional Wrestler, model
• 1983 – Brie Bella Professional Wrestler, model
• 1984 – Álvaro Bautista, Spanish motorcycle racer
• 1984 – Hope Dworaczyk, American model and television host
• 1984 – Callum Ferguson, Australian cricketer
• 1984 – Jena Malone, American actress and singer
• 1984 – Willy Mason, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1985 – Carly Rae Jepsen, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1985 – Jesús Navas, Spanish footballer
• 1985 – Nicola Silvestri, Italian footballer
• 1986 – Colleen Ballinger, American comedian, actress, and singer
• 1986 – Ben Bishop, American ice hockey player
• 1986 – Kristof Goddaert, Belgian cyclist (d. 2014)
• 1986 – Jordan Lloyd, American reality contestant, winner of Big Brother
• 1987 – Brian Douwes, Dutch kick-boxer
• 1987 – Stefan Glarner, Swiss footballer
• 1987 – Eesha Karavade, Indian chess player
• 1988 – Len Väljas, Canadian skier
• 1988 – Preston Zimmerman, American soccer player
• 1989 – Will Buckley, English footballer
• 1989 – Dárvin Chávez, Mexican footballer
• 1989 – Fabian Delph, English footballer
• 1989 – Ejay Falcon, Filipino actor
• 1989 – Getter Laar, Estonian footballer
• 1989 – Adrian Robinson, American football player (d. 2015)
• 1989 – Justin Tucker, American football player
• 1990 – Dani King, English cyclist
• 1990 – Georgie Twigg, English field hockey player
• 1991 – Lewis Dunk, English footballer
• 1991 – Woohee, South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, and model (Dal Shabet)
• 1992 – Conor Maynard, English singer-songwriter
• 1992 – Rino Sashihara, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48, HKT48, and Not Yet)
• 1993 – Elena Myers, American motorcycle racer
• 2001 – Samantha Bailey, American child actress
• 2004 – Lyca Gairanod, Filipino singer and actress

Deaths

• 615 – Columbanus, Irish missionary and saint (b. 543)
• 1011 – Emperor Reizei of Japan (b. 950)
• 1136 – William de Corbeil, English archbishop (b. 1070)
• 1150 – García Ramírez of Navarre (b. 1112)
• 1361 – Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1346)
• 1555 – Georgius Agricola, German mineralogist, philologist, and scholar (b. 1490)
• 1566 – Annibale Caro, Italian poet and author (b. 1507)
• 1579 – Thomas Gresham, English merchant and financier (b. 1519)
• 1639 – Henry Grey, 8th Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire (b. 1583)
• 1652 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (b. 1585)
• 1695 – Henry Purcell, English organist and composer (b. 1659)
• 1730 – François de Troy, French painter and engraver (b. 1645)
• 1775 – John Hill, English botanist and author (b. 1719)
• 1782 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French engineer (b. 1709)
• 1811 – Heinrich von Kleist, German poet and author (b. 1777)
• 1844 – Ivan Krylov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1769)
• 1859 – Yoshida Shōin, Japanese academic and politician (b. 1830)
• 1861 – Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire, French priest and activist (b. 1802)
• 1870 – Karel Jaromír Erben, Czech historian and poet (b. 1811)
• 1874 – Marià Fortuny, Spanish painter (b. 1838)
• 1881 – Ami Boué, German-Austrian geologist and ethnographer (b. 1794)
• 1899 – Garret Hobart, American lawyer and politician, 24th Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)
• 1907 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (b. 1876)
• 1908 – Carl Friedrich Schmidt, German-Russian geologist and botanist (b. 1832)
• 1909 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (b. 1851)
• 1916 – Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830)
• 1922 – Ricardo Flores Magón, Mexican journalist and activist (b. 1874)
• 1924 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 36th First Lady of the United States (b. 1860)
• 1926 – Edward Cummins, American golfer (b. 1886)
• 1928 – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line (b. 1858)
• 1938 – Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1870)
• 1941 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American actress and playwright (b. 1860)
• 1942 – Count Leopold Berchtold, Austrian-Hungarian politician, Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (b. 1863)
• 1942 – J. B. M. Hertzog, South African general and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1866)
• 1945 – Robert Benchley, American actor, singer, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1889)
• 1945 – Al Davis, American boxer (b. 1920)
• 1945 – Ellen Glasgow, American author (b. 1873)
• 1945 – Alexander Patch, American general (b. 1889)
• 1953 – Felice Bonetto, Italian race car driver (b. 1903)
• 1953 – Larry Shields, American clarinet player and composer (Original Dixieland Jass Band) (b. 1893)
• 1957 – Francis Burton Harrison, American general and politician, 6th Governor-General of the Philippines (b. 1873)
• 1958 – Mel Ott, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1909)
• 1959 – Max Baer, American boxer, referee, and actor (b. 1909)
• 1963 – Artur Lemba, Estonian composer and educator (b. 1885)
• 1963 – Robert Stroud, American ornithologist and author (b. 1890)
• 1967 – C. M. Eddy, Jr., American author (b. 1896)
• 1969 – Mutesa II of Buganda (b. 1924)
• 1970 – Newsy Lalonde, Canadian lacrosse and ice hockey player (b. 1887)
• 1970 – C. V. Raman, Indian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
• 1973 – Thomas Pelly, American lawyer and politician (b. 1902)
• 1974 – John B. Gambling, American radio host (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Frank Martin, Swiss-Dutch pianist and composer (b. 1890)
• 1975 – Gunnar Gunnarsson, Icelandic author (b. 1889)
• 1980 – Sara García, Mexican actress (b. 1895)
• 1981 – Harry von Zell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (b. 1906)
• 1982 – John Hargrave, English activist and author (b. 1894)
• 1984 – Ben Wilson, American basketball player (b. 1967)
• 1986 – Jerry Colonna, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1904)
• 1986 – Dar Robinson, American actor and stuntman (b. 1947)
• 1986 – Marcelino Sánchez, Puerto Rican-American actor (b. 1957)
• 1988 – Carl Hubbell, American baseball player and scout (b. 1903)
• 1988 – Pál Kalmár, Hungarian singer (b. 1900)
• 1989 – Harvey Hart, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 1989 – Margot Zemach, American author and illustrator (b. 1931)
• 1990 – Dean Hart, Canadian wrestler and referee (b. 1954)
• 1991 – Sonny Werblin, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1907)
• 1992 – Kaysone Phomvihane, Laotian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Laos (b. 1920)
• 1992 – Ricky Williams, American singer-songwriter and drummer (Crime, The Sleepers, Flipper, and Toiling Midgets) (b. 1956)
• 1993 – Bill Bixby, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1934)
• 1994 – Willem Jacob Luyten, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (b. 1899)
• 1995 – Peter Grant, English actor and manager (b. 1935)
• 1995 – Noel Jones, Indian-English diplomat, British ambassador to Kazakhstan (b. 1940)
• 1996 – Bernard Rose, English organist and composer (b 1916)
• 1996 – Abdus Salam, Pakistani-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)
• 1997 – Jack Purvis, English actor (b. 1937)
• 1999 – Quentin Crisp, English actor, author, and illustrator (b. 1908)
• 1999 – Ralph Foody, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Ernest Lluch, Spanish economist and politician (b. 1937)
• 2001 – Salahuddin of Selangor (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Hadda Brooks, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1916)
• 2005 – Alfred Anderson, Scottish soldier (b. 1896)
• 2005 – Hugh Sidey, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Somalian-Djiboutian politician, 1st President of Djibouti (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Pierre Amine Gemayel, Lebanese lawyer and politician (b. 1972)
• 2006 – Kathryn Johnston, American shooting victim (b. 1914)
• 2006 – Robert Lockwood, Jr., American guitarist (b. 1915)
• 2007 – Fernando Fernán Gómez, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Tom Johnson, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1928)
• 2007 – Noel McGregor, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1931)
• 2009 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Norris Church Mailer, American author (b. 1949)
• 2010 – David Nolan, American activist and politician (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter and author, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (b. 1917)
• 2011 – Anne McCaffrey, American-Irish author (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Mr. Food, American chef and author (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Ajmal Kasab, Pakistani terrorist (b. 1987)
• 2012 – Edwarda O'Bara, American coma patient (b. 1953)
• 2012 – Austin Peralta, American pianist and composer (b. 1990)
• 2012 – Deborah Raffin, American actress and producer (b. 1953)
• 2012 – Emily Squires, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1941)
• 2013 – John Egerton, American journalist and author (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Fred Kavli, Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist, founded The Kavli Foundation (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Dimitri Mihalas, American astronomer and author (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Vern Mikkelsen, American basketball player and coach (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Bernard Parmegiani, French composer (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Tôn Thất Đính, Vietnamese general (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Maurice Vachon, Canadian-American wrestler (b. 1929)
• 2014 – J. C. Gilbert, American soldier, farmer, and politician (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Wang Kun, Chinese actress and singer (b. 1925)
• 2014 – John H. Land, American soldier and politician (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Robert Richardson, English general (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Gil Cardinal, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Ameen Faheem, Indian-Pakistani poet and politician (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Bob Foster, American boxer and police officer (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Anthony Read, English screenwriter and producer (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (b. 1932)

Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh)
• Armed Forces Day (Greece)
• Christian feast day:
  • Pope Gelasius I
  • Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
  • William Byrd, John Merbecke and Thomas Tallis (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • November 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska)
• National Adoption Day (United States)
• No Music Day (Unofficial)
• World Hello Day (Unofficial)
• World Television Day (International)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day