ABRAHAM
LINCOLN'S 1st
Inaugural Address - FULL AudioBook | GreatestAudioBooks.com - On
November 6,
1860,
Lincoln was elected the
16th president of the
United States, beating
Democrat Stephen A. Douglas,
John C. Breckinridge of the
Southern Democrats, and
John Bell of the new
Constitutional Union Party. He was the first president from the
Republican Party. His victory was entirely due to the strength of his support in the
North and
West; no ballots were cast for him in 10 of the 15
Southern slave states, and he won only two of 996 counties in all the
Southern states.
Lincoln received 1,866,452 votes,
Douglas 1,376,957 votes, Breckinridge 849,781 votes, and
Bell 588,
789 votes.
Turnout was 82.2 percent, with Lincoln winning the free
Northern states, as well as
California and
Oregon. Douglas won
Missouri, and split
New Jersey with Lincoln. Bell won
Virginia,
Tennessee, and
Kentucky, and Breckinridge won the rest of the
South.
Although Lincoln won only a plurality of the popular vote, his victory in the electoral college was decisive: Lincoln had
180 and his opponents added together had only
123. There were fusion tickets in which all of
Lincoln's opponents combined to support the same slate of Electors in
New York, New Jersey, and
Rhode Island, but even if the anti-Lincoln vote had been combined in every state, Lincoln still would have won a majority in the
Electoral College.
The first photographic image of the new president
As Lincoln's election became evident, secessionists made clear their intent to leave the
Union before he took office the next March. On
December 20, 1860,
South Carolina took the lead by adopting an ordinance of secession; by
February 1, 1861,
Florida,
Mississippi,
Alabama,
Georgia,
Louisiana, and
Texas followed. Six of these states then adopted a constitution and declared themselves to be a sovereign nation, the
Confederate States of America. The upper South and border states (
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and
Arkansas) listened to, but initially rejected, the secessionist appeal.
President Buchanan and President-elect Lincoln refused to recognize the
Confederacy, declaring secession illegal.
The Confederacy selected
Jefferson Davis as its provisional
President on
February 9, 1861.
There were attempts at compromise.
The Crittenden Compromise would have extended the
Missouri Compromise line of 1820, dividing the territories into slave and free, contrary to the Republican Party's free-soil platform. Lincoln rejected the idea, saying, "I will suffer death before I consent
... to any concession or compromise which looks like buying the privilege to take possession of this government to which we have a constitutional right."
En route to his inauguration by train, Lincoln addressed crowds and legislatures across the North. The president-elect then evaded possible assassins in
Baltimore, who were uncovered by Lincoln's head of security,
Allan Pinkerton. On
February 23, 1861, he arrived in disguise in
Washington, D.C., which was placed under substantial military guard. Lincoln directed his inaugural address to the South, proclaiming once again that he had no intention, or inclination, to abolish slavery in the Southern states: "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the
States where it exists.
I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so." -
First inaugural address, 4 March 1861
The President ended his address with an appeal to the people of the South: "
We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies ... The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." (Summary adapted from
Wikipedia. org - Attribution:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index
.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln&action;=history)
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Chapter listing and length:
1st Inaugural Address - 34:55
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- published: 06 Jan 2015
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