- published: 22 Jul 2009
- views: 246661
The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems' co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot" that developed into PDF.
Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF compliant implementations. However, there are still some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture and JavaScript for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as normative and indispensable for the application of the ISO 32000-1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website. The ISO committee is actively standardizing many of these as part of ISO 32000-2.
In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that may be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content (with literal or practical meaning). This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect), or several (rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand on its own as a word (in the words just mentioned, these are -s, -ness, -ly, -ing, un-, -ed). A complex word will typically include a root and one or more affixes (rock-s, red-ness, quick-ly, run-ning, un-expect-ed), or more than one root in a compound (black-board, rat-race). Words can be put together to build larger elements of language, such as phrases (a red rock), clauses (I threw a rock), and sentences (He threw a rock too, but he missed).
The term word may refer to a spoken word or to a written word, or sometimes to the abstract concept behind either. Spoken words are made up of units of sound called phonemes, and written words of symbols called graphemes, such as the letters of the English alphabet.
O mundo é um grande pão com manteiga
café com leite
Nunca mais,
nunca mesmo sobre qualquer assunto
Obtemperarei...assim espero
Porque sei calcular o valor
de um amor que desponta
Eu meço pelo tamanho da dor
Que no final eu sei que vai sobrar
É preciso dizer, é preciso dizer
Ié, ié, ié, ié, ié, ié, ié
Tá na hora, tá na hora
Todo mundo foi embora e eu sobrei
Aqui feito um bobo só pensando nela
Já soprei a vela e vou deitar
Até as pernas melhorar
vou voltar a caminhar
E se Deus quiser Ele vai me chamar
Eu também quero e eu vou, eu vou
Eu também quero e eu vou, eu vou
E você como vai? Tudo bem
Intão vem. Como não? Eu também
Tudo bão? Tá não
Cê também? Intão vão
Vomitão!