Land

Land, sometimes referred to as dry land, is the solid surface of the Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The vast majority of human activity occurs in land areas that support agriculture, habitat, and various natural resources.

Some life forms (including terrestrial plants and terrestrial animals) have developed from predecessor species that lived in bodies of water.

Areas where land meets large bodies of water are called coastal zones. The division between land and water is a fundamental concept to humans. The demarcation between land and water can vary by local jurisdiction and other factors. A maritime boundary is one example of a political demarcation. A variety of natural boundaries exist to help clearly define where water meets land. Solid rock landforms are easier to demarcate than marshy or swampy boundaries, where there is no clear point at which the land ends and a body of water has begun. Demarcation can further vary due to tides and weather.

Etymology and terminology

Ryan Gosling

Ryan Thomas Gosling (born November 12, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician. He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel's Mickey Mouse Club (1993–95) and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs including Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1995) and Goosebumps (1996). He starred in the television series Breaker High (1997–98) as Sean Hanlon and Young Hercules (1998–99) as the title role. His first starring role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer (2001), and he then built a reputation for starring in independent films such as Murder by Numbers (2002), The Slaughter Rule (2002), and The United States of Leland (2003).

Gosling came to the attention of a wider audience in 2004 with a leading role in the romantic drama The Notebook, for which he won four Teen Choice Awards and an MTV Movie Award. His performance as a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson (2006) was nominated for an Academy Award and his performance as a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl (2007) was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Also in 2007, he starred in the courtroom thriller Fracture. After a three-year acting hiatus, Gosling starred in Blue Valentine, earning him a second Golden Globe nomination. 2011 proved to be a landmark year for Gosling as he co-starred in three mainstream films – the romantic comedy-drama Crazy, Stupid, Love, the political drama The Ides of March and the action thriller Drive – and received two Golden Globe nominations. In 2013, he starred in the crime thriller Gangster Squad, the generational drama The Place Beyond the Pines, and the violent revenge film Only God Forgives. His directorial debut Lost River was released in 2014. In 2015, he joined an ensemble cast for the financial drama The Big Short.

Emma Stone

Emily Jean "Emma" Stone (born November 6, 1988) is an American actress. She convinced her parents to let her move to Hollywood at the age of fifteen and she made her screen debut in the VHI reality show In Search of the New Partridge Family. (2004), followed by appearances on television series such as Medium, Malcolm in the Middle, and Drive. She made her feature film debut in the comedy Superbad (2007) and had supporting roles in The House Bunny (2008) and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009). She received further mainstream attention for her role in the comedy Zombieland (2009). She garnered recognition for her leading debut role in the comedy Easy A (2010), for which she received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy.

Following her breakthrough, Stone starred in the romantic comedy-drama Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011) and the drama The Help (2011). She had a commercially successful role as Gwen Stacy in The Amazing Spider-Man film series, and voiced the main character in the animated comedy The Croods (2013). In 2014 and 2015, she co-starred in two Woody Allen films: the romantic comedy Magic in the Moonlight and the mystery drama Irrational Man, respectively. She received critical acclaim for her supporting performance in the comedy-drama Birdman (2014), for which she was nominated for the SAG, BAFTA, Golden Globe, Critics' Choice, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In November 2014, she made her Broadway debut as a replacement in the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret, which she performed until February 2015.

Pasek and Paul

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Tony nominees Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (known as Pasek and Paul) are an award winning musical theatre composing team. Their works include A Christmas Story, Dogfight, Edges, Dear Evan Hansen, and James and the Giant Peach, and their original songs have been featured on NBC's Smash. They are graduates of the University of Michigan and winners of the 2007 Jonathan Larson Award, named after the late Rent composer, that honors achievement by composers, lyricists and librettists.

University of Michigan

Pasek and Paul started working together as freshmen at the University of Michigan where they completed their BFA degrees in musical theatre in December 2006.

Works

A Christmas Story, The Musical

In 2010, Pasek and Paul joined the creative team of A Christmas Story, The Musical. The musical opened at Seattle’s 5th Avenue Theatre on December 9, 2010. Since the Seattle premiere, the show recruited John Rando and choreographer Warren Carlyle to launch a national tour in 2011, concluding at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. The musical played a limited engagement on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre from November 19, 2012 through December 30, 2012; this was Pasek and Paul's Broadway debut as songwriters.