Bottles of eau de toilette
( toilet water )

Eau de toilette is a lightly scented perfume used as a skin freshener.^[1][2] It is also referred to as "aromatic waters" and has a high alcohol content.^[3] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving.^[4][5] It is considered a "weak" perfume.^[6] Toilet water is defined as a dilute perfume.^[7][8] It was originally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.^[9]

Toilet waters are usually named after a principal ingredient; some being Geranium Water, Lavender Water, Lilac Water, Violet Water, Spirit of Myrcia and 'eau de Bretfeld'.^[10] Because of this "toilet water" is sometimes referred to as "flower water".^[11] It is often used as a "body splash" that is applied liberally, especially after showering.

Types of alcohol based perfumes[link]

Perfume formulas 1910

The concentration of aromatic ingrediences is as follows (ascending concentration):

• Splash and After shave: 1-3% aromatic compounds
• Eau de Cologne (EdC): Citrus type perfumes with about 2–6 percent perfume concentrate aromatic compounds^[12]
• Eau de Toilette (EdT): 5-15% (typical ~10%) aromatic compounds
• Eau de Parfum (EdP), Parfum de Toilette (PdT): 10-20% (typical ~15%) aromatic compounds. Sometimes listed as "eau de perfume" or "millésime".
• Perfume extract (Extrait): 15-40% (IFRA: typical 20%) aromatic compounds

Perfume oils are often diluted with a solvent, though this is not always the case, and its necessity is disputed. By far the most common solvent for perfume oil dilution is ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water. Perfume has a mixture of about 10-20% perfume oils mixed with alcohol (acting as a diffusing agent delivering the fragrant odor) and a trace of water. Colognes have about 3-5% perfume oil mixed with 80-90% alcohol with about 5 to 15 percent water in the mix. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons, oranges, tangerines, limes, and grapefruits. These were combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (orange-flower oil). Toilet water has the least amount of perfume oil mixture among the three main liquid "perfumery" categories. It has only about 2 to 8 percent of some type of perfume oil and 60-80% alcohol dispersent with water making up the difference.^[13][14] Toilet waters are a less concentrated form of these above types of alcohol based perfumes.^[15][16] Traditionally cologne is usually made of citrus oils and fragrances, while toilet waters are not limited to this specification.^[17][18]

Eaux and Eau[link]

The word eaux, in perfumery, is defined as a solution of spirited fragrant essential oils with or without the addition of other fragrant substances.^[19] It can also be distilled waters with the smells of flowers. Eau de cologne, eau de lavande, eau de bouquet are examples of the first; and eau de rose, eau de fleurs d'oranges are examples of the second. Toilet waters with the word eaux in them are confined to imports to the United States from the south of France and Italy. English toilet waters with "eau" or "eaux" in the name are generally considered inferior to those from France and Italy.^[20]

Health benefits[link]

Some toilet waters were once considered restorative skin toners and to have some medical benefits.^[21][22][23] The journal Medical Record reported in 1905 that a toilet water spray restores energies lost in business, social, and domestic situations.^[24][25] History shows that toilet waters have been used for cosmetic purposes.^[26] During the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries a type of toilet water called "plague waters" was supposed to drive away the bubonic plague.^[27][28]

Roots of women's toilet water[link]

Cleopatra seduced Mark Antony on the banks of the Berdan River using perfumes and toilet waters.^[29] Wilhelmina of the Netherlands used an entire champagne bottle of toilet water in her 7 minute baths.^[29] Elizabeth of Russia was partial to having her toilet water made of violets picked near the onset of darkness specifically near the town of Grasse.^[30]

In the fourteenth century Hungarian toilet water, predecessor of eau de cologne, was produced.^[31] Queen Elisabeth of Hungary (1305–1380) had created a fragrant oil mix with alcohol that evaporated slowly on her skin.^[32] Hungary Water was the first toilet water developed.^[27] Legend has it that when 70 year old Queen Elisabeth of Hungary received this new 'toilet water' her poor health was reversed. She was then a very healthy queen that the king of Poland proposed to. This toilet water was called "eau de la reine de hongrie" because it was based on rosemary.^[33]

Roots of men's toilet water[link]

King of France Louis XIV (1638–1715) used a concoction of scents called "heavenly water" to perfume his shirts with toilet water. It consisted of aloewood, musk, orange flower, rose water and other spices.^[32]

Types of toilet water[link]

• Carbolic Toilet Water — crystallized carbolic acid, 10 parts; essence of millefleurs, 1 part; tincture of quillaya sapouaria, 50 parts; water, 1,000 parts.^[20]
• Carmelite Water - a toilet water of lemon balm, orange flower, angelica root, and spices prepared for Charles V of France, first made in 1379 by the nuns of a Carmelite abbey.^{[34][35][36][37]}
• Carnation Toilet Water - extract of Jasmine 2.5 pints, extract of Orange Flower 2.5 pints, extract of Rose 5 pints, tincture of Vanilla 20 ounces, Oil of Pink (synthetic) 2 ounces.^[38]
• Creole Toilet Water - to 6.75 ounces of orris root cut in small pieces put 1.5 pint of French brandy. Allow this mix to stand for 2 weeks, stirring frequently. Then filter the mix and add 3 pints of French brandy and 3 drops of oil of orange blossoms. Add 0.75 fluid ounce of oil of geranium. Distill and add a little coumarin essence.^[39]
• Eau de lavand ambre - a favorite with Spanish women who use it in their hair as well as on the skin after bathing.^[40]
• Florida Water - based on the nineteenth century formula for a commercially prepared toilet water that mixes floral essential oils.^[41]
• Geranium Toilet Water - oil of rose geranium, 2 ounces; tincture of orris root, 2 ounces; tincture of musk, 1 droop; rose water, 8 ounces: alcohol, 4 pints.^[39]
• Heliotrope Toilet Water - heliotropine, 2 drops; rose oil, 15 minims; bergamot oil, a half drop; neroli oil, 5 minims; alcohol, 10 ounces; water, 6 ounces.^[42]
• Home made toilet waters - there are various styles, including lavender toilet water and rose toilet water.^[35]
• Honey water^[14] - an old-time English toilet water. The British Pharmaceutical Codex gives the formula.^[43]
• Jasmine toilet water - made with spirits of cologne, jasmine, and alcohol.^[44]
• Kananga Water - is a "holy water" used for purification in revival ceremonies.^[45]
• Lavender water^[14][46] - a formula called "upper Ten" consists of 1 fluid ounce of oil of lavender, 8 fluid ounces of deodorized alcohol, 3 fluid ounces of rose water, and 80 grains of carbonate of magnesia.^[47]
• Nosegay - distilled honey water with cloves, lavender and neroli.^[48]
• Oriental Toilet Water - an extensive list of ingredients is given in the Useful and Practical Notes section of National Druggist.^[49]
• Rose water toilet water - extract of rose 1 pint, of tuberose 1 pint, of cassia 1 pint, of jasmine 4 ounces, tincture of civet 3 ounces.^[50]
• Viennese Cosmetic Toilet Water - bruised almonds, 15 parts; water of orange flower, 62 parts; water of roses, 62 parts. Rub up the almonds with the waters, allow to stand. Later add borate of soda, 1 part; spirit of benzoin, 2 parts. Dissolve.^[39]
• White Rose Toilet Water - one ounce of triple extract of white rose, 3 drops of oil of rose, 3 drops of oil of rose geranium, 26 ounces of cologne spirits, and 6 ounces of hot water.^[47]

• Hugh C. Muldoonin submitted various toilet water formulas he called "Own-make Toilet Specialties" to the Bulletin Of Pharmacy in 1917.^[51]

Footnotes[link]

Sources[link]

• Baker, William Henry, A dictionary of men's wear..., W. H. Baker, 1908
• Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, Vol. 61, No. 11, ISSN 0405-668X, Published by Active Interest Media, Inc.
• Booth, Nancy M., Perfumes, splashes & colognes: discovering & crafting your personal fragrances, Storey Publishing, 1997, ISBN 0-88266-985-0
• Bulletin of pharmacy, Volume 36, E.G. Swift, 1922
• Beauty--its attainment and preservation, Butterick Pub. Co., Ltd., 1892
• Consumer reports, Volumes 25-26, Consumers Union of United States, 1960
• Cox, Nancy C., Perceptions of retailing in early modern England, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, ISBN 0-7546-3771-9
• Cristiani, Richard S., Perfumery and kindred arts: A comprehensive treatise on perfumery, H. C. Baird, 1877
• Current opinion, Volume 32, The Current Literature Publishing Co., 1902
• Dewey, Willis Alonzo, Medical century, Volume 14, Medical Century Company., 1906
• Ebert, Albert Ethelbert, The Standard formulary, G.P. Engelhard & Co., 1897
• Fettner, Ann Tucker, Potpourri, incense, and other fragrant concoctions, Workman Pub. Co., 1977, ISBN 0-911104-97-6
• Fletcher, Ella Adelia, Woman Beautiful, Kessinger Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-7661-0380-3
• Frank, Marc Henry, Eugenics and Sex Relations for Men and Women, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1-4179-8913-0
• Griffin, Judy, Flowers That Heal: Aromas, Herbs, Essences and Other Secrets of the Fairies, Cosimo, Inc., 2002, ISBN 1-931044-35-X
• Grolier, The New book of knowledge, Grolier, 1986, ISBN 0-7172-0517-7
• Groom, Nigel, The new perfume handbook, Springer, 1997, ISBN 0-7514-0403-9
• Halpern, Georges M., The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar, Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2003, ISBN 1-59120-016-4
• Hiss, A. Emil, The new standard formulary:, G.P. Engelhard, 1910
• Keithler, William R., The formulation of cosmetics and cosmetic specialties, Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 1956
• Hopkins, Albert Allis, The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas: partly based upon the 28th ed. of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries, Munn & co., inc., 1910
• Lawless, Julia, The illustrated encyclopedia of essential oils: the complete guide to the use of oils in aromatherapy and herbalism, Barnes & Noble, 1995, ISBN 1-56619-990-5
• Lillard, Benjamin, Practical druggist and pharmaceutical review of reviews, Volume 40, Lillard & Co., 1922
• Martin, George R., The mentor-world traveler, Volume 10, George R. Martin, 1922
• Miller, William Tyler, Garden & home builder, volume 13, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1911
• Müller, Peter M., Perfumes: art, science, and technology, Springer, 1994, ISBN 0-7514-0157-9
• Sherrow, Victoria, For appearance' sake: the historical encyclopedia of good looks, beauty, and grooming, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 1-57356-204-1
• Stoddart, David Michael, The scented ape: the biology and culture of human odour, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-521-39561-5
• The National Druggist, Volume 42; H. R. Strong, 1912

Emily Haines
Emily Haines performing live with her band Metric at Coachella 2008
Background information
Born	(1974-01-25) 25 January 1974 (age 38) New Delhi, India
Origin	Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Genres	Indie rock, New Wave
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, keyboards, piano, guitar
Years active	1990–present
Labels	Metric Music International Last Gang Drowned in Sound Recordings
Associated acts	Metric, Broken Social Scene
Website	emilyhaines.com
Notable instruments
Sequential Circuits Pro-One E-mu PK-6 Proteus Keys

Emily Haines (born 25 January 1974^{[citation needed]} in New Delhi, India^{[citation needed]})^[1] is a Canadian indie rock singer-songwriter. She is the lead singer and keyboardist of the band Metric and a member of Broken Social Scene. As a solo artist, she performed with her own name and under the alias Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton. Her voice is contralto.^[2]

Biography[link]

Born in New Delhi, India, and raised in Cache Bay, Ontario, Emily Haines grew up as a dual citizen of Canada and United States, the latter after her American-born parents.^[3] She is the daughter of Canadian poet Paul Haines. Her sister is the Canadian television journalist Avery Haines and her brother is Tim Haines, owner of Bluestreak Records in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

After settling in Peterborough at the age of three, she grew up in a house rich with experimental art and musical expression. Paul would often make cassettes of rare and eclectic music for his daughter to listen to and her early influences included Carla Bley, Robert Wyatt, and later PJ Harvey. By her teens she followed her parents' footsteps by attending the Etobicoke School of the Arts (ESA) to study drama. There she met Amy Millan and Kevin Drew, with whom she would later collaborate in hHead. Emily also briefly dated Kevin Drew.^[4]

Haines and Millan formed their first band around 1990 while at ESA, and with songs later written and recorded while at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver in 1992–1993, at Toronto in 1995, and at Concordia University in Montreal in 1995–1996. The result was Cut in Half and Also Double distributed in 1996 with a limited number of copies. The song "Carpet" bears a resemblance to a song later recorded by Metric, "Too Little Too Late".

Emily Haines playing the Ottawa Bluesfest 2010.

Emily Haines met James Shaw in Toronto, and the two of them began dating and making music. They took the name Metric in 1999 after a synthesizer beat that Shaw used on his sampler and as a reference to their musical precision. The two moved to New York, where they recruited their rhythm section and began recording. In 2001, the bassist Joshua Winstead and the drummer Jules Scott-Key joined the band. Metric released four studio albums so far: Old World Underground, Where Are You Now? in 2003, Live It Out in 2005, Grow Up and Blow Away in 2007 (but recorded in 2001) and Fantasies in 2009.

In 2004, Metric appeared in the 2004 drama film Clean. Emily Haines and the rest of the band, appearing as themselves, performed their song "Dead Disco" and then went backstage for a small speaking role. "Dead Disco" also featured on Clean Original Soundtrack.

In 2006, she released the studio album Knives Don't Have Your Back under the moniker Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton. The songs "Our Hell" and "Dr. Blind" were issued as singles. Knives Don't Have Your Back was followed in 2007 by the EP What Is Free to a Good Home?. These recordings were inspired by the death of her father, poet Paul Haines.^[5]

Her solo work is typically more mellow and piano-based than her work with Metric. She occasionally plays a limited number of solo shows, often with Amy Millan as the opening act.

Currently her band Metric is working on their fifth studio album.

Guest appearances[link]

• Emily Haines made a cameo appearance on the k-os music video, "Man I Used to Be".^[6]
• She can also be seen on The Stills music video for "Love and Death" playing a secretary.
• Haines stars in Julian Plenti's music video for the song "Games For Days".
• Metric also contributed an unreleased track called "Black Sheep" to the soundtrack for the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World.^[7]
• A new song, entitled "Eclipse (All Yours)", was the theme of the film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
• "Crowd Surf Off a Cliff" could be heard in the first season of Rookie Blue.

Discography[link]

Emily Haines[link]

• Cut in Half and Also Double (1996)

Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton[link]

Albums

• Knives Don't Have Your Back (2006, #28 in Canada)

EPs

• What Is Free to a Good Home? (2007)

Singles

• "Dr. Blind"
• "Our Hell"

Metric[link]

Albums

• Old World Underground, Where Are You Now? (2003)
• Live It Out (2005)
• Grow Up and Blow Away (2007, recorded in 2001)
• Fantasies (2009)
• Synthetica (June 12, 2012)

EPs

• Mainstream EP (1998)
• Static Anonymity (2001)
• Live at Metropolis (2007)
• Plug In Plug Out (2009)
• iTunes Session EP (2011)

DVDs

• Live at Metropolis (2008)

Collaborations[link]

The following songs are credited with Emily Haines on either lead or backing vocals:

• Broken Social Scene – "Looks Just Like the Sun", "Anthems for a Seventeen-Year-Old Girl", "Backyards", "Her Disappearing Theme", "Swimmers", "Bandwitch", "Superconnected", "Windsurfing Nation", "Sentimental X's"
• Delerium — "Stopwatch Hearts" (from Chimera)
• Jason Collett — "Fire", "Hangover Days" (Emily is actually in the video edit of the song "Fire". The album version credits the female backing vocals to Amy Millan.)
• KC Accidental — "Them (Pop Song #3333)"
• MSTRKRFT — "She's Good For Business"
• Stars — "Going, Going, Gone", "On Peak Hill"
• The Stills — "Baby Blues"
• k-os — "Uptown Girl"
• Tiësto — "Knock You Out" (from Kaleidoscope)
• The Crystal Method — "Come Back Clean" (from Divided by Night)
• Todor Kobakov — "Carpe Diem"
• Wavin' Flag — Young Artists for Haiti

Filmography[link]

• Clean (2004, as herself)
• This Movie is Broken (2010, performing with Broken Social Scene)

References[link]

1. ^ Righi, Len (9 January 2007). "Metric's Emily Haines cuts a new swath with solo disc". The Morning Call (Allentown) (PopWire). http://www.popmatters.com/pm/news/article/9691/metrics-emily-haines-cuts-a-new-swath-with-solo-disc/. Retrieved 2007-11-25.  Indicates age 32 just prior to her 4 January 2007 tour date in Montreal.[1].
2. ^ Beaujon, Andrew. "Emily Haines, 'Knives Don't Have Your Back' (Last Gang)". SPIN.com. http://www.spin.com/reviews/emily-haines-knives-dont-have-your-back-last-gang. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
3. ^ "Metric Quotes". www.mfyi.com. http://www.mfyi.com/m/metricquotes.html. Retrieved 17 May 2012. "I have an identity crisis which is not resolved because I'm a dual citizen. My whole family is American, and I was born in India but I was raised in Canada. But all my extended family is American, I've held an American passport and I've spent my whole adult life in between New York and LA. So I feel like an American… and I also feel like a Canadian! I wish more people were dual citizens and then I wouldn't feel like such a freak." 
4. ^ Berman, Stuart. This Book Is Broken. 2009
5. ^ ^{a b} http://altmusic.about.com/od/interviews/a/metric.htm
6. ^ Richards, Jason (10 June 2005). "NXNE: Just "be."". NOW. http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:rjhv5aQ5M0wJ:www.nowtoronto.com/minisites/nxne/2005/daily_post.cfm%3Fdaily_id%3D71. Retrieved 2007-11-25.  Direct link had access problem as of 25 November 2007.
7. ^ Rayner, Ben (8 August 2009). "Toronto finally gets to play itself". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/678159. Retrieved 1 June 2010. 

• Chan, Alvin. “Emily Haines – Pop Princess Sharpens her Knives”. MusicOMH.com. http://www.musicomh.com/interviews/emily-haines_0607.htm. Accessed 28 July 2008.
• Sweeny, Joey. “Indie Pop Goes Twee”. The Rock History Reader. Ed. Theo Cateforis New York: Routledge, 2007.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Emily Haines

	Canada portal
	Biography portal
	Rock music portal

• Emily Haines official site
• Metric official website
• Metric official French website

Clive Owen
Owen at the 2005 San Sebastian International Film Festival
Born	(1964-10-03) 3 October 1964 (age 47) Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1987–present
Spouse	Sarah-Jane Fenton (m. 1995) «start: (1995)»"Marriage: Sarah-Jane Fenton to Clive Owen" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Clive_Owen) 2 daughters

Clive Owen (born 3 October 1964) is an English actor, who has worked on television, stage and film. He first gained recognition in the United Kingdom for portraying the lead in the ITV series Chancer from 1990 to 1991. He then garnered critical acclaim for his work in the film Close My Eyes (1991) before getting international notice for his performance as a struggling writer in Croupier (1998). In 2005, Owen won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his appearance in the drama Closer (2004). He has since played leading roles in films such as Sin City (2005), Inside Man (2006), Children of Men (2006), and The International (2009).

Early life[link]

The fourth of five brothers, Owen was born in Coventry, in the English Midlands, a son of Pamela (née Cotton) and Jess Owen, a country and western singer of Welsh descent. His father left the family when Owen was three years old, and despite a brief reconciliation when Owen was nineteen, the two have remained estranged.^[1] Raised by his mother and stepfather, a railway ticket clerk,^[2] he has described his childhood as "rough."^[1] While initially opposed to drama school, he changed his mind in 1984, after a long and fruitless period of searching for work. Owen graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1987^[3] with a class that included Rebecca Pidgeon, Serena Harragin, Mark Womack, and Liza Tarbuck. After graduation, he won a position at the Young Vic, performing in several Shakespearean plays.^[4]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

Initially, Owen carved out a career in television. In 1988 Owen starred as Gideon Sarn in a BBC production of Precious Bane and the Channel 4 film Vroom before the 1990s saw him become a regular on stage and television in the UK, notably his lead role in the ITV series Chancer, followed by an appearance in the Thames Television production of Lorna Doone.

He won critical acclaim for his performances in the 1991 Stephen Poliakoff film Close My Eyes – in which he has a full frontal nude scene – about a brother and sister who embark on an incestuous love affair. He subsequently appeared in The Magician, Class of '61, Century, Nobody's Children, An Evening with Gary Lineker, Doomsday Gun, Return of the Native and then a Carlton production called Sharman, about a private detective. In 1996, he appeared in his first major Hollywood film The Rich Man's Wife alongside Halle Berry before finding international acclaim in a Channel 4 film directed by Mike Hodges called Croupier (1998). In Croupier, he played the title role of a struggling writer who takes a job in a London casino as inspiration for his work, only to get caught up in a robbery scheme. In 1999, he appeared as an accident-prone driver in Split Second, his first BBC production in a decade.

Clive Owen at the Berlin Film Festival, 2009

He then starred in The Echo, a BBC1 drama. He starred in a film called Greenfingers about a criminal who goes to work in a garden, before appearing in the BBC1 mystery series Second Sight. In 2001, he provided the voice-over for a BBC2 documentary about popular music through the years called Walk On By, as well as starring in a highly-acclaimed theatre production called A Day in the Death of Joe Egg, about a couple with a severely handicapped daughter.

He became well known to North American audiences in the summer of 2001 after starring as The Driver in The Hire, a series of short films sponsored by BMW and made by prominent directors. He then appeared in Robert Altman's Gosford Park, alongside an all-star cast including Helen Mirren, Maggie Smith, Michael Gambon, Kristin Scott Thomas and Ryan Phillippe. He appeared in the 2002 hit The Bourne Identity. In 2003, he teamed up with Hodges again to make I'll Sleep When I'm Dead. He starred in Beyond Borders and took on the title role in King Arthur, for which he took riding lessons.

Recognition and acclaim[link]

Owen appeared in the West End and Broadway hit play Closer, by Patrick Marber, which was produced as a film, and was released in 2005. He played "Dan" in the play, but was "Larry" the dermatologist in the film version. His portrayal of Larry in the film version earned him a lot of recognition and acclaim as well as the Golden Globe and BAFTA award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He noted that the expectations of him since the Oscar nomination have not changed the way he approaches film-making, stating "I try, every film I do, to be as good as I can and that's all I can do."^[5]

Clive Owen at the Toronto Film Festival, 2011

After Closer, he appeared in Derailed alongside Jennifer Aniston, the comic book thriller Sin City as the noir antihero Dwight McCarthy and as a mysterious bank robber in Inside Man. Despite public denials, Owen had long been rumoured to be a possible successor to Pierce Brosnan in the role of James Bond. A public opinion poll in the United Kingdom in October 2005 (SkyNews) found that he was the public's number one choice to star in the next installment of the series. In that same month, however, it was announced that fellow British actor Daniel Craig would become the next James Bond. In an interview in the September 2007 issue of Details, he claimed that he was never offered or even approached concerning the role.^[6] In 2006, Owen spoofed the Bond connection by making an appearance in the remake of The Pink Panther in which he plays a character named "Nigel Boswell, Agent 006" (when he introduces himself to Inspector Clouseau, he quips that Owen's character is "one short of the big time").

Owen at the Children of Men Premiere in Mexico City, 2006

In 2006, Owen starred in the highly acclaimed Children of Men,^[7] for which he received widespread praise. The film was nominated for various awards, including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; Owen worked on the screenplay, although he was uncredited.^[8] The next year he starred alongside Paul Giamatti in the film Shoot 'Em Up and appeared as Sir Walter Raleigh opposite Cate Blanchett's Elizabeth I of England in the film Elizabeth: The Golden Age. He appeared in the Christmas special of the Ricky Gervais show Extras, as revealed in the video podcast teaser. Owen starred in The International (2009), a film which he described as a "paranoid political thriller".^[9] He then played the lead in The Boys Are Back,^[10] an Australian adaptation of the book The Boys Are Back In Town by Simon Carr.

In April 2010, he was cast as the lead in Juan Carlos Fresnadillo's horror-thriller Intruders.^[11]

In June 2010 it was announced that Owen and Nicole Kidman will star in an HBO film about Ernest Hemingway and his relationship with Martha Gellhorn entitled Hemingway & Gellhorn. James Gandolfini served as executive producer to the film, written by Barbara Turner and Jerry Stahl. The film was directed by Philip Kaufman.^[12]

Owen shot Shadow Dancer^[13], joint Irish UK production about a young mother who is heavily involved with the Irish republican Movement. She is arrested in London following an aborted bombing attempt and must either choose to inform on her family or spend the rest of her life behind bars. The film also stars Andrea Riseborough, Gillian Anderson and Aidan Gillen and is being directed by James Marsh.

Personal life[link]

In an incident he later described as "very schmaltzy", Owen met his future wife, actress Sarah-Jane Fenton, when they performed the leads in Romeo and Juliet at the Young Vic.^[14] The couple married on 6 March 1995 and live in Highgate, London and Wrabness, north Essex, with their two daughters – Hannah and Eve.^{[citation needed]}

In November 2006,^[15] he became patron of the Electric Palace Cinema in Harwich, Essex, England and launched an appeal for funds to repair deteriorating elements of the fabric.^[16][17]

He enjoys the music of indie rock band Hard-Fi and has been seen at two of their concerts, Brixton Academy, 15 May 2006^[18] and Wembley Arena, 18 December 2007. He is also an avid Liverpool F.C fan.^[19]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Clive Owen

• Clive Owen at the Internet Movie Database
• Clive Owen at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• Clive Owen on Charlie Rose (15 December 2006) at Google Videos (Adobe Flash video)

Francisco "Paco" Rabaneda Cuervo, more commonly known as Paco Rabanne (born 18 February 1934) is a Spanish fashion designer. He fled Spain for France with his mother when the Spanish Civil War broke out. He originally had an architect's education but became known as l'enfant terrible of the French fashion world in the 1960s.

Rabanne started his career in fashion by creating jewelry for Givenchy, Dior, and Balenciaga. He started his own fashion house in 1966. He used such unconventional materials as metal, paper and plastic for his outlandish and flamboyant designs.

Rabanne has given others the opportunity to begin their fashion careers as well. Houston based designer David Peck^[1] worked for Rabanne in Paris before launching his eponymous collection.

Paco Rabanne is known for his costume designs for such films as Barbarella. Also Françoise Hardy was a big fan of Rabanne's designs. The popular French singer Mylene Farmer continues to bring the extravagance of Paco Rabanne to her live concerts.^[2]

Rabanne also has an interest in paranormal phenomena. He became infamous for his false prediction of the Russian space station Mir falling on Paris in 1999.

In 2005, Rabanne opened in Moscow the first exhibition of his drawings. His reasoning for showing the drawings then was, "I am 72 years old and I wanted to present my drawings this year before disappearing from this planet. I have not shown them to anyone except Salvador Dalí 30 years ago who told me to keep going." One of the black and white sketches depicts a child letting go of a white balloon and a dove into the sky. The scene was inspired by the commemoration ceremony for the Beslan attack, in which 319 hostages were killed, including 186 children, 12 servicemen, and 31 hostage-takers. Rabanne wanted the money that the drawing sold for to go to the women of Beslan.^[3]

In 2006 Rabanne also visited Kiev with great interest. He summed up the changes he has seen aftermath of the Orange Revolution: "Ukraine reminds me of a flower unfolding its petals before my very eyes."^[4]

Paco Rabanne dress, 1967

References[link]

External links[link]

• Paco Rabanne
• Paco Rabanne designer profile at Fashion Model Directory
• Paco Rabanne at the Internet Movie Database

Tommy Hilfiger
Tommy Hilfiger in 2010
Born	Thomas Jacob Hilfiger (1951-03-24) March 24, 1951 (age 61) Elmira, New York, U.S.
Nationality	American
Occupation	Fashion designer
Spouse	Dee Ocleppo (2008-present) Susie Hilfiger (1980-2000)
Children	Alexandria ("Ally") Richard Elizabeth Kathleen Sebastian Thomas
Labels	Tommy Hilfiger

Tommy Hilfiger (Thomas Jacob Hilfiger, born March 24, 1951) ^[1] is an American fashion designer and founder of the premium lifestyle brand Tommy Hilfiger Corporation.

Early life[link]

Hilfiger was born in Elmira, New York. The second of nine children of a jeweler and an Irish-American nurse, he grew up in an German-Swiss/Irish-American family.^[2] Hilfiger also claims direct descendence from the Scottish poet Robert Burns.^[3] His parents originally intended for him to be an engineer.

He attended the Elmira Free Academy for high school. He also attended GST BOCES Bush Campus ^[4] in Elmira, New York for Fashion Design.

Career[link]

Rather than furthering his education, he started to work in retail at the age of 18. Hilfiger would go to New York City to buy jeans and bell-bottom pants, which he customized and resold at Brown's, a local downtown Elmira store.

He later opened his own store, named The People's Place, around the block in downtown Elmira. Over the years, a number of stores closed in downtown Elmira as shopping traffic shifted to the new Arnot Mall in Horseheads, New York.^{[citation needed]} After seven years, The People's Place went bankrupt, when Hilfiger was 25. The site of the original store has since been demolished to make room for First Arena, home of the Elmira Jackals Hockey team.^{[citation needed]}

After turning to the design of clothing by designing for the rest of his stores in upstate New York, Hilfiger moved to New York City with his wife Susie. Although he was offered design assistant positions with designers Calvin Klein and Perry Ellis, and was broke, he turned down the offers.

In 1984, he founded the Tommy Hilfiger Corporation, (NYSE:TOM), with support from The Murjani Group, which went public in 1992, introducing his signature menswear collection. By 2004 the company had 5,400 employees and revenues in excess of $1.8 billion. Hilfiger was named Menswear Designer of the Year by the Council of Fashion Designers of America in 1995.^[5]

In 1998, Hilfiger gave singer Aaliyah her endorsement deal, in which he honored her in his Summer 1998 fashion show in Jamaica.

In 2005, a CBS TV reality show called The Cut tracked the progress of sixteen contestants as they competed for a design job with Hilfiger in similar fashion to Donald Trump's The Apprentice. In the end Hilfiger chose Chris Cortez.

Largely due to declining sales, in 2006, Tommy Hilfiger sold his company for $1.6 billion, or $16.80 a share, to Apax Partners, a private investment company.^[6][7][8]

In March 2010, Phillips-Van Heusen, owner of Calvin Klein, bought the Tommy Hilfiger Corporation for $3 billion.^[9]

In March 2012, Hilfiger was announced as the fashion consultant on American Idol.

Personal life[link]

Hilfiger has four children with his ex-wife, Susie: Alexandria ("Ally"), Richard, Elizabeth, and Kathleen. His daughter Ally was featured in the 2003 MTV reality show Rich Girls and his son, Rich, was signed to hip hop super producer Swizz Beatz' label Full Surface.

Hilfiger put his Greenwich, Connecticut, mansion on the market in the summer of 2008 for an asking price of $27 million.

On December 12, 2008, he married his second wife Dee Ocleppo (Deniz Carolina Erbuğ), former wife of Gianni Ocleppo, famous Italian tennis player of the 1980s. On February 25, 2009, the New York Post reported that Ocleppo was three months pregnant, and Hilfiger would welcome a fifth child later in 2009.^[10] On May 4, 2009, Hilfiger and Ocleppo announced they were expecting a boy,^[11] who was born on Tuesday, August 4, 2009, and named Sebastian Thomas Hilfiger.

Criticisms[link]

Hilfiger has been criticized for having manufactured clothes in sweatshop conditions in the United States territory of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. As a U.S. Commonwealth, clothes made there can be labeled "Made in the USA", but federal labor laws including the minimum wage do not apply. In March 2000, the company, along with other defendants, settled a class action suit brought by Saipanese garment workers, which had alleged mistreatment by over 20 large U.S. clothing manufacturers.^[12]

Product lines[link]

• Hilfiger Denim, a premium-upscale denim collection for men and women. Designs are inspired by American classics and finished with a modern edge.^[13]
• True Star Gold, fragrance created by Hilfiger and spokeswoman Beyoncé Knowles
• True Star, another fragrance created by Hilfiger and with spokesperson Beyoncé Knowles & True Star Men, a fragrance created by Hilfiger and with spokesperson Enrique Iglesias
• Tommy Girl, fragrance for women
• Red Label, a line of denim-themed products including jeans, t-shirts, and sweatshirts
• H by Tommy Hilfiger, an upscale line which was ended after Tommy Hilfger sold his company, the same sort of style is now carried on under the Tommy Hilfiger label in their specialty stores
• Tommy Hilfiger, the company line of clothes sold in department stores, company stores, and specialty stores
• Tommy Sport, a defunct line that came out in the 1990s and capitalized on Hilfiger's popularity in urban areas.
• Tommy Hilfiger for the Home, a line of bedding and bath products
• Tommy Sailing, was due to be released in January or February 2007.
• Tommy, a brightly colored casual line.
• Tommy Jeans, a denim inspired clothing collection and corresponding fragrance
• Hilfiger Athletics, a sport inspired clothing line and fragrance

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tommy Hilfiger

• Official website
• Urban Legends that allege false claims against Hilfiger
• Anti-Defamation League; Letter to Tommy Hilfiger