WW1 History: WW1 Explained (WW1 Documentary)
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WW1 History: WW1 Explained (WW1
Documentary)
This WW1 documentary focuses on WW1 causes.
World War I (
WWI or WW1), also known as the
First World War or the
Great War, was a global war centred in
Europe (28/07/1914- 11/11/
1918). More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of WW1. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.
The war drew in all the world's economic great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the
Allies (UK,
France and the
Russian Empire) and the
Central Powers of
Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although
Italy had also been a member of the
Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy,
Japan and the
United States joined the Allies, and the
Ottoman Empire and
Bulgaria the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million
Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. The trigger for war was the 28 June
1914 assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist
Gavrilo Princip in
Sarajevo. This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the
Kingdom of Serbia, and entangled international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked.
Within weeks, the major powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world.
On 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on
Serbia and invaded. As
Russia mobilised in support of Serbia, Germany invaded neutral
Belgium and
Luxembourg before moving towards France, leading
Britain to declare war on Germany. After the
German march on
Paris was halted, what became known as the
Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that would change little until
1917.
Meanwhile, on the
Eastern Front, the
Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, but was stopped in its invasion of
East Prussia by the
Germans. In
November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the
Caucasus,
Mesopotamia and the
Sinai. Italy joined the Allies in
1915 and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in the same year, while
Romania joined the Allies in
1916, and the United States joined the Allies in 1917.
By the end of the war, the
German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and the Ottoman Empire had ceased to exist.
National borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germany's colonies were parceled out among the winners. During the Paris
Peace conference of
1919, the
Big Four (Britain, France, the United States and Italy) imposed their terms in a series of treaties.
The League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This, however, failed with weakened states, economic depression, renewed
European nationalism, and the German feeling of humiliation contributing to the rise of
Nazism. These conditions eventually contributed to
World War II.
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
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