- published: 25 Jun 2016
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There is no precise definition of an economic collapse. The term has been used to describe a broad range of bad economic conditions from a severe, prolonged depression with high bankruptcy rates and high unemployment, such as the Great Depression, to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation (such as in Weimar Germany), or even an economically caused sharp increase in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population (Former USSR).
Often economic collapse is accompanied by social chaos, civil unrest and sometimes a breakdown of law and order.
There are few well documented cases of economic collapse. One of the best documented cases of collapse or near collapse is the Great Depression, the causes of which are still being debated.
"To understand the Great Depression is the Holy Grail of macroeconomics." —Ben Bernanke (1995)
Bernanke's comment addresses the difficulty of identifying specific causes when many factors may each have contributed to various extents.
Past economic collapses have had political as well as financial causes. Persistent trade deficits, wars, revolutions, famines and depletion of important resources have been listed as causes. Incompetent governments are another cause, especially when they go bankrupt and resort to money printing, causing hyperinflation.