Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications, with depending on the particular design, Technology readiness levels varying between the level requiring a demonstration, to economical competitive implementation. Most of these designs, with the exception of the BN-1200 reactor, are generally not expected to be available for commercial construction before 2030–40. Presently the majority of reactors in operation around the world are considered second generation reactor systems, as the vast majority of the first-generation systems were retired some time ago, and there are only a dozen or so Generation III reactors in operation (2014). Generation V reactors refer to reactors that are purely theoretical and are therefore not yet considered feasible in the short term, resulting in limited R&D funding.
Many reactor types were considered initially; however, the list was downsized to focus on the most promising technologies and those that could most likely meet the goals of the Gen IV initiative. Three systems are nominally thermal reactors and three are fast reactors. The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is also being researched for potentially providing high quality process heat for hydrogen production. The fast reactors offer the possibility of burning actinides to further reduce waste and of being able to "breed more fuel" than they consume. These systems offer significant advances in sustainability, safety and reliability, economics, proliferation resistance (depending on perspective) and physical protection.
Enter the mad world
All around me are familiar faces
Worn out places, worn out faces
Bright and early for the daily races
Going nowhere, going nowhere
Their tears are filling up their glasses
No expression, no expression
Hide my head I wanna drown my sorrow
No tomorrow, no tomorrow
And I find it kind of funny
I find it kind of sad
The dreams in which I'm dying
Are the best I've ever had
I find it hard to tell you
I find it hard to take
When people run in circles
It's a very very, mad world, mad world
Get ready!
Enter the mad world
Enter the mad world
Mad world
Turn those turntables
Children waiting for the day they feel good
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday
And I feel the way that every child should
Sit and listen, sit and listen
Went to school and I was very nervous
No one knew me, no one knew me
Hello teacher tell me what's my lesson
Look right through me, look right through me
And I find it kind of funny
I find it kind of sad
The dreams in which I'm dying
Are the best I've ever had
I find it hard to tell you
I find it hard to take
When people run in circles
It's a very very, mad world
And there is nothing you can do
About it, mad world,
Open your mind
It's a very,very mad world
Hit it!
Get ready!
Straits Times | 17 Jan 2021
Independent online (SA) | 16 Jan 2021
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The Observer | 17 Jan 2021
The Observer | 17 Jan 2021