Ainu people

The Ainu or the Aynu (Ainu アィヌ Aynu; Japanese: アイヌ Ainu; Russian: Айны Ajny), and in historical Japanese texts Ezo/Emishi/Ebisu (蝦夷) or Ainu (アイヌ) are an indigenous people of Japan (Hokkaido, and formerly northeastern Honshu) and Russia (Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands).

History

Pre-modern

Recent research suggests that Ainu culture originated in a merger of the Okhotsk and Satsumon cultures. In 1264, Ainu invaded the land of Nivkh people controlled by the Yuan Dynasty of China, resulting in battles between Ainu and the Chinese. Active contact between the Wajin (the ethnically Japanese) and the Ainu of Ezochi (now known as Hokkaido) began in the 13th century. The Ainu formed a society of hunter-gatherers, living mainly by hunting and fishing, and the people followed a religion based on phenomena of nature.

During the Muromachi period (1336–1573), the disputes between Japanese and Ainu eventually developed into a war. Takeda Nobuhiro killed the Ainu leader, Koshamain. Many Ainu were subject to Japanese rule which led to violent Ainu revolt such as the Koshamain's Revolt (ja:コシャマインの戦い) in 1456 against Japanese influence and control on an island.

Jam!

Jam! is a Canadian website, which covers entertainment news. It is part of the CANOE online portal, owned and operated by Quebecor through its Sun Media division.

Jam! is currently the only media outlet that publishes a comprehensive collection of the official Canadian record charts as compiled by Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems.

CKXT-TV, Sun Media's television station in Toronto, aired a nightly entertainment magazine series, Inside Jam!. However, due to low ratings the program's airtime was reduced substantially. Effective March 24, 2006, the show went from a daily program to a weekend only show, before later being removed from the schedule altogether. One of the hosts of the show, Chris Van Vliet, announced on the programme in February 2010 that he would be leaving the show to join the CBS affiliate in Cleveland as their entertainment reporter. His co-host Tara Slone re-located in August 2010 to Calgary to become co-host of Breakfast Television on CityTV Calgary.

Standard Test and Programming Language

JAM / STAPL ("Standard Test and Programming Language") is an Altera-developed standard for JTAG in-circuit programming of programmable logic devices which is defined by JEDEC standard JESD-71.

STAPL defines a standard .jam file format which supports in-system programmability or configuration of programmable devices. A JTAG device programmer implements a JAM player which reads the file as a set of instructions directing it to programme a PLD.

The standard is supported by multiple PLD and device programmer manufacturers.

References

Epistle of James

The Epistle of James (Ancient Greek: Ἰάκωβος Iakōbos), the Book of James, or simply James, is one of the twenty-two epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament.

The author identifies himself as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ," who is writing to "the twelve tribes scattered abroad" (James 1:1). The epistle is traditionally attributed to James the Just, and the audience is generally considered to be Jewish Christians who were dispersed outside of Palestine due to persecution.

Framed within an overall theme of patient perseverance during trials and temptations, James writes to encourage believers to live consistently with what they have learned in Christ. He desires for his readers to mature in their faith in Christ by living what they say they believe. James condemns various sins including pride, hypocrisy, favoritism, and slander. James encourages believers to humbly live Godly wisdom rather than worldly wisdom, and to pray in all situations.

Composition

Tee

A tee is a stand used to support a stationary ball so that the player can strike it, particularly in golf, tee ball, American football, and rugby.

Etymology

The word tee is derived from the Scottish Gaelic word tigh meaning house and is related to the 'house' (the coloured circles) in curling. This would make sense, as the first golf tees were within a circle of one golf club length round the hole. Nowadays, modern courses have separate, designated tee boxes for each hole. For example, the ninth hole of a course is played from the ninth tee to the ninth green, and similarly for the other holes.

Golf tee

In golf, a tee is normally used for the first stroke of each hole. The area from which this first stroke is hit is in the rules known as the teeing ground. Normally, teeing the ball is allowed only on the first shot of a hole, called the tee shot, and is illegal for any other shot; however, local or seasonal rules may allow or require teeing for other shots as well, e.g., under "winter rules" to protect the turf when it is unusually vulnerable. Teeing gives a considerable advantage for drive shots, so it is normally done whenever allowed. However, a player may elect to play his/her tee shot without a tee. This typically gives the shot a lower trajectory.

Tee (symbol)

The tee (⊤), also called down tack (as opposed to the up tack) or verum is a symbol used to represent:

Encoding

In Unicode, the tee character is encoded as U+22A4 ⊤ DOWN TACK (HTML ⊤). The symbol is encoded in LaTeX as \top.

See also

Notes