Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults.

It is also known as "focal glomerular sclerosis" or "focal nodular glomerulosclerosis."

It accounts for about a sixth of the cases of nephrotic syndrome. (Minimal change disease (MCD) is by far the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children: MCD and primary FSGS may have a similar cause.)

The individual components of the name refer to the appearance of the kidney tissue on biopsy: focal—only some of the glomeruli are involved (as opposed to diffuse), segmental—only part of each glomerulus is involved (as opposed to global),glomerulosclerosis—refers to scarring of the glomerulus (a part of the nephron (the functional unit of the kidney)). The glomerulosclerosis is usually indicated by heavy PAS staining and findings of IgM and C3 in sclerotic segment.

Depending on the cause it is broadly classified as:

There are many other classification schemes also.

James Alvin "Jim" Palmer (born October 15, 1945), nicknamed "Cakes", is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. He played his entire 19-year major league baseball career for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967 & 1969-1984). He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1990.

As of 2008, Palmer and his wife Susan have homes in Palm Beach, Florida, and in California. In 2006, Palmer also acquired a penthouse condominium in Little Italy, Baltimore, which he uses while in Baltimore for Orioles' broadcasts.

Palmer was born in New York, New York; shortly after his birth, Palmer was adopted by Moe Wiesen, a garment industry executive, and his wife Polly from Harrison, N.Y. After his adoptive father died in 1955, the 9-year-old Jim, his mother and his sister moved to California, where he began playing in youth-league baseball. In 1956, his mother married actor Max Palmer, from whom Palmer took his last name. Showing talent at the amateur level, upon graduating from Arizona's Scottsdale High School in 1963, Palmer signed a minor-league contract at the age of 18. Before heading to the minor leagues, Palmer was initiated into the Sigma Chi Fraternity at Arizona State University, where he graduated in 1967.

James "Jim" Duquette was the general manager of the New York Mets for the 2004 season, before the team replaced him with Omar Minaya. Duquette subsequently stayed with the Mets in a front office job for a full season before moving on to the Baltimore Orioles. With the Orioles former vice president of baseball operations, where he worked under Mike Flanagan, the team's general manager.

Jim Duquette's tenure as the Mets' GM is largely remembered for the trade of top pitching prospect Scott Kazmir to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for the injury-prone and unproductive Victor Zambrano.

Duquette was a standout baseball player himself at Williams College, in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Duquette's cousin, Dan Duquette also was a major league general manager with the Montreal Expos and the Boston Red Sox and is currently the Executive Vice-President of Baseball Operations for the Baltimore Orioles.

He is currently the co-host of "Power Alley" with Kevin Kennedy on Sirius XM's MLB Network Radio on Sirius 209 and XM 89.