- published: 13 Jan 2016
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A fern is a member of a group of approximately 12,000 species of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular (i.e. having water-conducting vessels). They have stems and leaves, like other vascular plants. Most ferns have what are called fiddleheads that expand into fronds, which are each delicately divided.
Leptosporangiate ferns (sometimes called true ferns) are by far the largest group, but ferns as defined here (ferns sensu lato) include horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. This group may be referred to as monilophytes. The term pteridophyte traditionally refers to ferns plus a few other seedless vascular plants (see the classification section below), although some recent authors have used the term to refer strictly to the monilophytes.
Ferns first appear in the fossil record 360 million years ago in the late Devonian period but many of the current families and species did not appear until roughly 145 million years ago in the early Cretaceous, after flowering plants came to dominate many environments. The fern Osmunda claytoniana is a paramount example of evolutionary stasis. Paleontological evidence indicates it has remained unchanged, even at the level of fossilized nuclei and chromosomes, for at least 180 million years.
Barack Hussein Obama II (US i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician serving as the 44th President of the United States, the first African American to hold the office. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he served as president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney and taught constitutional law at University of Chicago Law School between 1992 and 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, and ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for the United States House of Representatives in 2000 against incumbent Bobby Rush.
In 2004, Obama received national attention during his campaign to represent Illinois in the United States Senate with his victory in the March Democratic Party primary, his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July, and his election to the Senate in November. He began his presidential campaign in 2007 and, after a close primary campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton in 2008, he won sufficient delegates in the Democratic Party primaries to receive the presidential nomination. He then defeated Republican nominee John McCain in the general election, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months after his inauguration, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Justin Drew Bieber (/ˈbiːbər/; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and record producer. Bieber released his debut EP, My World, in late 2009. It was certified platinum in the U.S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, in 2010. It debuted at or near number one in several countries and was certified triple platinum in the U.S. It was preceded by his most successful single to date, "Baby".
Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never – The Remixes -- and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never. He released his second studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Bieber released his third studio album, Believe, in 2012. His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015. His U.S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million.
Steven John "Steve" Carell (/kəˈrɛl/; born August 16, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, director, producer and writer. After a five–year stint on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Carell found greater fame for playing Michael Scott on the American version of The Office, on which he also worked as an occasional writer and director. He has also starred in lead roles in the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Get Smart (2008), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), The Incredible Burt Wonderstone and The Way, Way Back (both 2013). Carell has also voiced characters in the animated films Over the Hedge (2006), Horton Hears a Who! (2008), Despicable Me (2010) and Despicable Me 2 (2013). Carell was nominated as "America's funniest man" in Life magazine, and received a Golden Globe Award Best Actor in a Television Series for his work on The Office.
His dramatic role as wrestling coach and convicted murderer John Eleuthère du Pont in the 2014 film Foxcatcher earned him several awards and nominations including a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Carell also received acclaim for his roles in the comedy–dramas Little Miss Sunshine in 2006, and The Big Short in 2015, for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe.
William Bradley "Brad" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and producer. He has received a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and three Academy Award nominations in acting categories, and received three further Academy Award nominations, winning one, as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment.
Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise (1991). His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It (1992) and Legends of the Fall (1994), and Interview with the Vampire (1994). He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys (both 1995), the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination. Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club (1999) and the major international hit Ocean's Eleven (2001) and its sequels, Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007). His greatest commercial successes have been Troy (2004), Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), and World War Z (2013). Pitt received his second and third Academy Award nominations for his leading performances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and Moneyball (2011). He produced The Departed (2006) and 12 Years a Slave (2013), both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and also The Tree of Life, Moneyball, and The Big Short (2015), all of which garnered Best Picture nominations.
Actors: Bryan Safi (actor), Jack Plotnick (actor), Drew Droege (actor), Brian Gattas (actor), Tom Lenk (actor), Sam Pancake (actor), Jim Hansen (editor), Jim Hansen (actor), Jim Hansen (producer), Jim Hansen (writer), Jim Hansen (director), Jesse James Rice (actor), Tom DeTrinis (actor), Ron Morehouse (actor), Matthew Thompson (actor),
Plot: Paragon School for Girls has been helping gifted young ladies manifest their potential since 1889. Upon her arrival at the school, Violet begins a strange journey into a whole new world. Each girl learns that she has the latent ability to become something quite extra ordinary. It is a place of mysteries, secrets and dangers. And when girls begin disappearing, the students must join together and figure out how to save themselves and discover what Paragon is really all about. The story is told using unconventional methods. Shot all on green screen, the actors are placed inside dollhouses, miniature models and painted backdrops. Everything is false, from the scaled down props to the gender of the actors playing the women and girls.
Genres: Comedy, Fantasy, Mystery,Actors: Jennifer Treuting (director), Tristan Griffin (actor), Carlin Adelson (actress), Jeremy Buhler (editor), Laszlo Toth (miscellaneous crew), Laszlo Toth (composer), Siobhan Thompson (actor), David Hill (writer), David Hill (actor), Cameron Fleming (producer), Alene Latimer (actor), Madina Papadopoulos (miscellaneous crew), Jeremy Rayburn (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Horror, Short, Thriller,Actors: Karen Lindholm-Rynkiewicz (writer), Karen Lindholm-Rynkiewicz (producer), Karen Lindholm-Rynkiewicz (director), Karen Lindholm-Rynkiewicz (editor), Kerrie Clark (actress), Vickie Donovan (miscellaneous crew), Jan Mary Nelson (actress), Deborah Clifton (actress), Becky Spice (actress), Robin Pluer (composer), Courtney Marie Jones (actor), Angela Iannone (actor),
Genres: Drama, Family, Short,Actors: Roy Dupuis (actor), Guy Thauvette (actor), Phillip Jarrett (actor), Glenn Berman (editor), Francesca Chamberland (costume designer), Diane Janna (miscellaneous crew), Patrice Robitaille (actor), Dominique Brault (miscellaneous crew), Barbara Shrier (producer), Lise Dagenais (miscellaneous crew), Francis Leclerc (director), Paul Gillot (miscellaneous crew), Guy-Daniel Tremblay (actor), Peter Batakliev (actor), Alexis Bélec (actor),
Genres: Drama, Sport,Actors: Frank Gerrish (actor), Aaron Lee Syrett (miscellaneous crew), Oscar Rowland (actor), Christian Vuissa (writer), Christian Vuissa (director), Christian Vuissa (producer), Robert Conder (miscellaneous crew), Dane Stevens (actor), Jan Broberg (actress), Steve Anderson (actor), Charles Halford (actor), Micaela Nelligan (actress), Wayne Brennan (actor), Benjamin Gourley (miscellaneous crew), Tony Larimer (actor),
Plot: "Baptists at Our Barbecue" is the comedic story of the small town of Longwinded, USA, a divided, feuding town of 262 Mormons and 262 Baptists. It's also a love story, about one man who will try anything to end the ridiculous feud, bring the town together, and keep the peace-loving girl of his dreams from leaving town.
Keywords: baptist, based-on-novel, christianity, feud, latter-day-saints, lds-film, mayberry, mormon, mormonism, religionActors: Macha Méril (actress), Eugeniusz Priwieziencew (actor), Frank Fontaine (actor), Walter Massey (actor), Vania Vilers (actor), Nicole Pelletier (costume designer), Carl Marotte (actor), André Oumansky (actor), André Mélançon (actor), Marc Messier (actor), Macha Grenon (actress), Michel Arcand (editor), Denis Bouchard (actor), Jean-Marie Drot (editor), Aubert Pallascio (actor),
Plot: The year following the Stanley Cup victory, Pierre Lambert is chosen to play in a World Cup Tournament in Europe and Canada. However, he must cope with the breakup of his current girlfriend, then being chased by a crazed and doped photograph, and being harassed by his father-in-law who's the coach of Team Canada, fearing his "depression" may affect the team. He seems to find love with a cop's daughter, however, he must also cope with his sister's Suzy relationship with a french hockey player who has cancer, and befriends a Soviet player who dreams of defecting the USSR, whose lover is a KGB agent... Can he still get out of these situations and help Team Canada win the coveted championship ?
Keywords: actor-shares-first-name-with-character, hockey, second-part, sequel, tv-mini-seriesActors: Richard Driscoll (actor), Owen Teale (actor), Dafydd Hywel (actor), Ieuan Rhys (actor), Gwenyth Petty (actress), Dorien Thomas (actor), John Hefin (director), Keith Williams (producer), Alun ap Brinley (actor), Glyn Baker (actor), Owen Garmon (actor), Guinevere John (actress), Ernest Evans (actor),
Genres: ,Actors: Dorothée Berryman (actress), Marc Beaudet (producer), Jacques Godbout (writer), Gilles Renaud (actor), Werner Nold (editor), Jacques Godbout (actor), Julien Poulin (actor), Jacques Godbout (director), François Dompierre (composer), Rita Lafontaine (actress), Denis Drouin (actor), Marc Legault (actor), Serge Thériault (actor), Pierre Gobeil (actor), Jean-Pierre Saulnier (actor),
Plot: Decided to 'make the States' a hit-man from Montreal accept a contract in New York to kill a mafioso boss, Frank Anastasia. Naturally the Americans don't accept what that 'stranger', that frog have done and track him back. Despaired he contact a radio talk show to tell his story trying to find a way to save the life of his partner in the hand of those who contract him.
Keywords: canadian-gangster, canadian-mafia, canadian-noir, canadian-organized-crime, french-canadian-gangster, french-canadian-mafia, mafia, organized-crimeActors: Erik 'Bullen' Berglund (actor), Axel Düberg (actor), John Elfström (actor), John Elfström (actor), John Elfström (actor), Heinz Hopf (actor), Heinz Hopf (actor), Ingvar Kjellson (actor), Ingvar Kjellson (actor), Curt Masreliez (actor), Curt Masreliez (actor), Barbro Hiort af Ornäs (actress), Mona Malm (actress), Isa Quensel (actress), Ulla Sjöblom (actress),
Genres: Musical,Actors: William Fox (miscellaneous crew), George Fisher (actor), Charles K. French (actor), Charles Gorman (actor), William Russell (actor), Edwin B. Tilton (actor), Mary Thurman (actress), James P. Hogan (director), John Cook (actor), Correan Kirkham (actor), Jack Roseleigh (actor), Joe Lee (actor), Jack Stevens (actor), A. Channing Edington (writer),
Genres: Drama,each day your absence makes you more present
when will end this unbearable thirtst for you ?
not sure we've ever been close
even in your arms, even in your arms
your eyes staring at mine
your mind just passing by, your mind just passing by
so alive deep-down i can feel you
hear your voice, hear your voice
living your life in confusion
through what you let me know, through what you let me