The Ausbausprache – Abstandsprache – Dachsprache (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊsbaʊˌʃpʁaːxə] - [ˈapʃtantˌʃpʁaːxə] - [ˈdaxˌʃpʁaːxə]) framework is a tool in dialectology used by sociolinguists for analysing and categorising the distinctiveness of language varieties that are closely related and often are used by the same society. The terms, which were coined by Heinz Kloss in 1967, are designed to capture the political reality that there are two separate and largely independent sets of criteria and arguments for deeming one variety to be an independent "language" rather than a "dialect": one linguistic, based on its objective structural properties, and the other sociological, based on its social and/or political functions.^{[citation needed]} This theory is intended to deal with situations in which a speech community which is unified politically (e.g., Germany) or culturally (the "German speaking" regions that span several countries, the "Arabic speaking" regions that span dozens of countries) uses multiple dialects which mutually are highly divergent, but the two language varieties are closely related genetically, e.g., different varieties of "German", different varieties of "Arabic". In such areas, there sometimes is a large fraction of the population that adopts the view that the entire community (defined politically and/or culturally) speaks a common language, although it is universally conceded within the same community that many of the members of the community literally can't hold a conversation with each other because of dialect unintelligibility. Again the "German speaking" and "Arabic speaking" worlds provide eminent examples of this belief phenomenon. The theory of abstand and ausbau is not relevant to situations where the two varieties are related only distantly (if at all), e.g., French and German, or Spanish and English. One of the applications of this theoretical framework is language standardisation (examples since ca. 1960 being Basque and Romansch).