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how to manufacture glass bottles from A to Z production process cómo fabricar botellas de vidrio

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• published: 27 Jun 2015
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how to manufacture glass bottles from A to Z production process cómo fabricar botellas de vidrio YX series designed and manufactured by our engineer team in cosmetic&food;&pharma; making and packaging machinery is widely used in the daily chemical industry like bottles blowing manucturing machines and such like.We as a famous manufacturer moreover can design and produce the packaging machine according to the special requirements from customers. How to manufacture the glass bottles step by step 1st step : Obtain silica sand. Also called quartz sand, silica sand is the primary ingredient in making glass. Glass without iron impurities is sought for clear glass pieces, as the iron will cause the glass to appear greenish when present. Wear a face mask if handling extremely fine-grain silica sand. If inhaled, it can irritate the throat and lungs. Silica sand is available from online retailers. It is fairly cheap - small quantities shouldn't cost more than 20 dollars.If you want to operate on an industrial scale, specialty retailers can offer competitive rates on large orders - sometimes lower than $100 per ton. If it is not possible to find sand sufficiently free of iron impurities, their tinting effect can be countered by adding small amounts of manganese dioxide. Or, if you want greenish glass, leave the iron in! 2nd Step: Add sodium carbonate and calcium oxide to the sand. Sodium carbonate (commonly called washing soda) lowers the temperature necessary to make glass commercially. However, it permits water to pass through the glass, so calcium oxide, or lime, is added to negate this property. Oxides of magnesium and/or aluminum may also be added to make the glass more durable. Generally, these additives take up no more than 26 to 30 percent of the glass mixture. 3rd step Add other chemicals, depending on the glass's intended purpose. The most common addition for decorative glass is lead oxide, which provides the sparkle in crystal glassware, as well as the softness to make it easier to cut and also lowers the melting point. Eyeglass lenses may contain lanthanum oxide because of its refractive properties, while iron helps glass absorb heat. Lead crystal can contain up to 33 percent lead oxide; however, the more lead oxide, the more skill required to shape the molten glass, so many lead crystal makers opt for less lead content. ... 9th Step Slowly cool the glass in a kiln. This process is called annealing, and it removes any stress points that may have formed in the glass during cooling. Glass that has not been annealed is significantly weaker. Once this process is completed, the glass can then be coated, laminated or otherwise treated to improve its strength and durability. The precise temperature for annealing can vary based on the precise composition of the glass from as low as 750 degrees Fahrenheit to as high as 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.[3] The rate at which the glass must cool may also change - generally, larger pieces of glass must cool more slowly than smaller pieces. Research proper annealing methods before beginning. A related process is tempering, in which shaped and polished glass is placed in an oven heated to at least 600 degrees Celsius (1,112 degrees Fahrenheit) and then quick-cooled ("quenched") with blasts of air at high pressure. Annealed glass breaks into shards at 6,000 pounds per square inch (psi), while tempered glass breaks into small pieces at no less than 10,000 psi and usually at around 24,000 psi. Our Factory since 1992 has been manufacturing the cosmetic&food; making and packaging machinery.In these field we have the experience rich enough to solve the questions encountered by our customers from both home and abroad.For more information about various high quality machinery like materials bottles blowing manufacturing equipments,please email via jackdu999@yahoo.com or browse our website http://penglaichina.com. Follow us on twitter:http://www.twitter.com/jackdu007 Like us on facebook:http://www.facebook.com/jackdu999 Skype us by :turnanewleaf Call us via:0086-15811882441