Mount Helicon
Mount Helicon Boeotia, Greece
Elevation	1,749 m (5,738 ft)
Location
Range	Helicon
Coordinates	38°21′10″N 22°49′21″E / 38.35278°N 22.8225°E / 38.35278; 22.8225Coordinates: 38°21′10″N 22°49′21″E / 38.35278°N 22.8225°E / 38.35278; 22.8225

Ascent on Mountain Helikon

Mount Helicon (Ancient Greek: Ἑλικών) is a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece,^[1] celebrated in Greek mythology. With an elevation of 1,749 metres (5,738 ft), it is located just off the Gulf of Corinth.

Greek mythology[link]

In Greek mythology, two springs sacred to the Muses were located here: the Aganippe and the Hippocrene, both of which bear "horse" (ἵππος hippos) in their names. In a related myth, the Hippocrene spring was created when the winged horse Pegasus aimed his hoof at a rock, striking it with such force that the spring burst from the spot. On Helicon too was the spring where Narcissus was inspired by his own beauty.^[2]

In his Aitia, Callimachus recounts his dream in which he was young once more and conversed with the Muses on Helicon.^[3] There had been a temple built on Helicon in their honor which contained statues of these Muses,^[4] and in his Metamorphoses the Roman poet Ovid writes of Minerva visiting the muses on Mount Helicon.^[5]

The Hippocrene spring was considered to be a source of poetic inspiration. In the late seventh century BCE, the poet Hesiod sang how in his youth he had pastured his sheep on the slopes of Helicon^[6] where Eros and the Muses already had sanctuaries and a dancing-ground near the summit, where "their pounding feet awaken desire".^[7] There the Muses inspired him and he began to sing of the origins of the gods. Thus Helicon became an emblem of poetical inspiration.^[8] Callimachus explicitly follows in the footsteps of Hesiod and he placed on Helicon the episode in which Tiresias stumbles upon Athena bathing and is blinded but given the art of prophecy.^[9]

In Hesiod's Theogony Helicon was mentioned:

"From the Heliconian Muses let us begin to sing,

Who hold the great and holy mount of Helicon,

And dance on soft feet about the deep-blue spring

And the altar of the almighty son of Cronos, and,

When they have washed their tender bodies in Permessus

Or in the Horse's Spring or Olmeius,

Make their fair, lovely dances upon highest Helicon

And move with vigorous feet" ^[10]

In the Homeric Hymn to Poseidon, a brief invocation, the god is hailed as "Lord of Helicon".^[11]

The cult centers on Helicon established in the Valley of the Muses, a fertile valley near Thespiai^[12] and Ascra, under the influence of the Hesiodic texts, in Hellenistic times if not before, were visited by Pausanias in the second century CE.^[13] He explored the sacred grove by the spring Aganippe thoroughly and left a full description as it then was. He saw images of Eupheme, nurse of the Muses, and of the legendary poet Linus "in a small rock which has been worked into the manner of a cave".^[14] In the temenos were statues, some by famous masters, of Apollo and Dionysus and famed poets. The absence of Homer at Helicon has been noticed by Richard Hunter (Hunter 2006:18f): "The presence of Homer would spoil the party, for the tendency to see these as rival figures for supremacy in epos is familiar from the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, parts of which derive from the classical period". The sacrificial tripod which Hesiod won at a contest in Chalcis in Euboea was still on view at Helicon in Pausanias' day: the presence of Homer at the festival Hesiod mentions in Works and Days (650-59) was a later interpolation.

Since the Renaissance[link]

The poetical image of Helicon established by the Roman poets became once more an emblem of cultural inspiration with the Renaissance and is often referred to in poetry.^[15] Helicon was the inspiration for the balls held by the Hungarian composer Leó Festetics at his castle near Keszthely. Festetics also named the library he founded Helikon Library, promoting literacy and culture in his home city.

Modern references[link]

• During the 1980s an Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio arts programme was called Radio Helicon.^[16]
• A band in Manitowoc, Wisconsin named Heliconian River plays a blend of folk, rock, and bluegrass.

References[link]

Sources[link]

Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Helicon.

• Richard Hunter, The Shadow of Callimachus: Studies in the Reception of Hellenistic Poetry at Rome (Cambridge University Press) 2006:16ff "De Monte Sororum: In the Grove".

Molly Crabapple
[[File: |230x345px|alt=]]
Born	(1983-09-13) September 13, 1983 (age 28) Far Rockaway, Queens, New York
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Artist, Entrepreneur
Official website

Molly Crabapple (born September 13, 1983) is an American artist, author and entrepreneur.

The AP Wire once compared her work to "limerick shared amongst good company in a Victorian parlor."^[1] Comics Creator behind Straw House (First Second Books, 2013) and Puppet Makers (DC Comics, 2011) Creator of Dr Sketchy's Anti-Art School, a worldwide movement of alt.drawing salons in over 120 cities.

Early life[link]

Molly Crabapple was born Jennifer Caban^[2] in Far Rockaway, New York. She received an Associate's degree after majoring in Illustration at Fashion Institute of Technology (A.A.S. Illustration)^{[citation needed]}

From her auto-didactical beginnings in a Parisian bookstore—where she cultivated her signature aesthetic by copying pages from A Tart’s Progress—Molly sketched her way through Morocco and Kurdistan.

Spurred by a desire to de-sterilize the buttoned-up art school scene, Molly founded Dr Sketchy's Anti-Art School, a celebratory mash-up of cabaret and live drawing. Now in its 6th year—with branches in over a hundred cities—Dr. Sketchy’s global trajectory continues to accelerate. Molly’s brand of off-grid entrepreneurship caught the attention of major media outlets, securing cover stories and featured profiles in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Post, Playboy, AP Wire, NPR, and hundreds of other media outlets around the world.

"I learned to draw in a Parisian bookstore. My pen and ink technique comes from hours spent copying Alice in Wonderland and A Tart’s Progress. I soon fell in love with the feel of making ink lines – the crackle of the paper, the scratch of the pen nib, the sensual pleasure in drawing a curve."

Career[link]

Crabapple began her art career doing covers for the pornographic newspaper Screw. She has since illustrated for the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Playgirl. She was at one time a regular contributor to Coagula Art Journal.

She has also worked on a number of comics (often with writer John Leavitt), creating the graphic novel Scarlett Takes Manhattan,^[3] drawing stories for two Marvel anthologies Strange Tales vol. 2^[4] and Girl Comics vol. 2, as well as providing art for the webcomics Backstage at Act-i-vate^[5] and Puppet Makers at Zuda.^[6][7] Molly’s first graphic novel, the steampunk saga Puppet Makers, was released electronically by DC Comics in 2011, and her forthcoming Straw House will be issued by First Second Books in 2013. With close-woven ties to comic book sub-culture, it comes as no surprise that Crabapple’s celebrity fans include Hugo Award-winning graphic novelist Neil Gaiman—as well as musician Moby and comedian Margaret Cho.

Dr Sketchy's[link]

Drawing on past experience as an artist's model, Crabapple founded Dr Sketchy's Anti-Art School in Brooklyn in 2005. Dr. Sketchy's is a burlesque life-drawing class. It has since been covered on National Public Radio,^{[8][dead link]} The Washington Post^{[9][dead link]} the Onion AV Club,^[10] the BBC,^{[11][dead link]} Time Out London^[12] and Time Out New York.^[13]

Beginning in July 2006, Dr. Sketchy's began opening branches in other cities, which now number 50.^[14]

She is also the author (with John Leavitt) of The Official Dr. Sketchy's Rainy Day Colouring Book.

Events[link]

Molly Crabapple has used Kickstarter.com to appeal for the funding of an event called "Molly Crabapple's week in Hell." The event will entail Molly renting a bare room for five days. The room will be covered from floor to ceiling with blank paper. She will spend that work week using fine tip markers to cover every square inch of paper with her illustrations. Backers will be entitled to; view a live-stream of the work in process, make suggestions, 4" X 6" section of the drawing, 8" X 11" section, 11" X 14" section, 18" X 24" section, 24" X 36" section, or 30" X 132" section (floor to ceiling) for various levels of financial support.

The funding amount originally requested was $4,500; the actual final amount is $25,805 meaning that she received almost six times the amount originally requested. The project will use live web-cam feeds, a hired photographer and hired videographer and two hundred (200) fine tip permanent markers. The markers will also be awarded to backers as a return on the investment pledge.

Exhibitions[link]

Solo[link]

• "Ink! Babes! Irony!-Molly Crabapple Says Goodbye to Pen and Ink" Jigsaw Gallery (February 2005)
• "Licentious Behavior" Perihelion Arts (May 2006)
• "Tarts and Flowers- A Valentine's Day Show" Jigsaw Gallery (February 2006)
• "Peepshow: The Art of Molly Crabapple" Trinity Art Gallery (January 2007)
• "Demimonde. Arena Studios" (February 2008)

Group exhibitions[link]

2003[link]

• Resistance, a Festival of Peace, Theater for the New City (April 2003)
• "Visions of New York" Antique Café/Gallery (July 2003) (solo)
• The Lower East Side Festival of the Arts (August 2003)
• "Queer Artists Talk Back" The DUMBA Collective (October 2003)
• The DUMBO Festival of the Arts (October 2003)

2004[link]

• Terrible Toy Fair, CBGB 313 Gallery (January 2004)
• The Writer as Visual Artist" Theater for the New City (February 2004)
• "Self Portraits" Theater for the New City (March 2004)
• "The Hip Hop Show" Asterisk Art Project (April 2004)

2005[link]

• "Dirty Detroit Erotic Art Fair" (February 2005)
• "Propaganda" Encrypt Gallery at Columbia University (April 2005)
• "Patterns and More Patterns" Bamboo Lane Gallery (Los Angeles) (April 2005)
• "The Smut Show" Green Door Gallery (Kansas City) (May 2005)
• "The Mermaid Show" Coney Island Museum (June 2005)
• "New Erotix - Third Annual Juried Erotic Art Show" Art at Large Gallery. (July 2005)
• "BlueShow" BlueSpace Gallery (Los Angeles). (July 2005)
• "Cannibal Flower" Los Angeles (August 2005)
• "Our Own Show" Museum of American Illustration (September 2005)
• "Cannibal Flower" Los Angeles (September 2005)
• "Halloween Show" MF Gallery (October 2005)
• "Untitled" Bluespace Gallery (October 2005)
• "Exquisite Corpse" Toyroom Gallery ( Sacramento ) (October 2005)
• "Werwolf Bongo Party" DVA Gallery Chicago (October 2005)
• "Broads on the Bowery" CBGB’s Gallery 313 (October 2005)
• "Grope Show" Zito Studio/Gallery (December 2005)

2006[link]

• "Victorian Rhapsodies" (Three Person Show) Toyroom Gallery (January 2006)
• "Spin" CVB Space (January 2006)
• "Girls! Girls! Girls!" MF Gallery (February 2006)
• "Dirty Detroit Erotic Art Fair" (February 2006)
• "Native Spirit" Supreme Trading (March 2006)
• "Betty Does Veronica" Femina Potens (June 2006)
• Going Underground. Art at Large (August 2006)
• "Dirty Detroit Summer Show" (August 2006)
• "Eye Candy". Trinity Art Gallery (October 2006)
• "Paper Doll Show" Trunk Space (October 2006)
• "The Drawing Show" Perihelion Arts (November 2006)

2007[link]

• "Don't Say MF" MF Gallery (February 2007)
• "The Erotic Show" Trinity Art Gallery (February 2007)
• "Seven Brides Electrified" Jail Gallery (April 2007)
• "Ladies Only Show" Crybaby Gallery (April 2007)
• "Carnival" MF Gallery (August 2007)
• "Naked Show" Bluespace Gallery (September 2007)
• "DECK" A Show of Skateboard Art Pravus Gallery (October 2007)
• "Masquerade" Dabora Gallery (October 2007)
• "Fountain Art Fair" (during Art Basel Miami) (December 2007)
• "Home Sweet Home" Crybaby Gallery (December 2007)

2008[link]

• "DEEP POP" Kenneth Chapman Gallery (January 2008)
• "Pop Subversion" Ad Hoc Arts (February 2008)
• "Two Person Show w/ Genevive Zacconi" Ad Hoc Arts (August 2008)

2010[link]

• "Queer Couture" Femina Potens Gallery (August 2010)

Awards[link]

• Honorable Mention. Going Underground Juried Show. Art at Large. 8/06^{[citation needed]}
• Honorable Mention. New Erotix Juried Erotic Art Show. Art at Large. 7/05^{[citation needed]}

Notes[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Molly Crabapple

• Official website
• Molly Crabapple on Myspace
• Dr. Sketchy's Official Site
• Richmond's Style Weekly

Interviews[link]

This section includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2010)

• Here! Network Podcast w/Jon Leavitt
• Jewcy.com
• Gothamist Interview
• Video Profile at Revel In New York
• 2012 radio interview (33 minutes) on The Bat Segundo Show

Scott Gustafson is an American artist. He attended the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. He originally had ambitions of becoming an animator, but has worked primarily as an illustrator for the past twenty-five years. He has illustrated a number of children's books including The Night Before Christmas, Peter Pan, and a children's storybook version of The Nutcracker.^[1]

He has been awarded a Chelsea award by the Association of Science Fiction and Fantasy Artists^[2] and an Independent Publisher Book Award for Best Children’s Picture Book.^[3]

Notes[link]

The Greek is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Bill Raymond. The Greek is the head of an international criminal organization involved in narcotics and human trafficking.^[1] The Greek is a mysterious figure involved in numerous criminal activities. His given name is never mentioned on the show, and though he is known only as "The Greek", he has stated (in the episode Port in a Storm) that he is not actually Greek. A quiet and unassuming man, the Greek prefers to keep a low profile, operating all of his business through his lieutenant Spiros "Vondas" Vondopoulos. His smuggling organization operated from a small diner in Baltimore for years, and while Vondas would conduct business the Greek would listen in quietly at the counter. Nick Sobotka, upon seeing the Greek identify himself, was amazed that the shadowy figure had been in plain sight the entire time.

Despite his calm appearance, the Greek is cunning and ruthless, and only interested in facts that make him more money. Series creator David Simon has said that The Greek is an embodiment of raw unencumbered capitalism.^[2] Anyone interfering in this process is eliminated immediately, and he prefers to leave victims headless and handless to hinder identification.

The Greek's smuggling operation includes importing sex trade workers, illicit drugs, stolen goods and chemicals for drug processing. He bribes union stevedores to move containers through the Baltimore port for him and uses his muscle, Sergei "Serge" Malatov, to run containers back and forth from the port to his warehouse, a front managed by "Double G" Glekas. The Greek supplies the major drug dealers in East Baltimore with pure cocaine and heroin, using Eton Ben-Eleazer to move his drugs. His chief client is Proposition Joe, but he is also affiliated with smaller drug dealing organizations like those run by "White Mike" McArdle. His sex trade interests in Baltimore include a brothel run by a madam named Ilona Petrovitch, bringing in girls from eastern Europe. He manages to avoid prosecution for his crimes because an FBI counter-terrorism agent named Kristos Koutris tips him off if a criminal investigation gets too close. It is suggested he and Vondas may serve as federal informants.

Biography[link]

Season 2[link]

The Greek began to draw police attention in Baltimore when his contact at the docks, Frank Sobotka, became the target of an investigation. At the same time a container of thirteen dead young women intended for the sex trade was discovered at the docks, triggering a high-profile homicide investigation. The container belonged to the Greek and the girls were killed by a crewman onboard the vessel that had delivered them. The ship's crew had been paying the girls for sex and when one of the girls refused, she was killed. The crewman responsible dumped her overboard and collapsed the air pipe to kill the remaining women. The Greek had Sergei track the crewman down, interrogated him personally, and had Vondas kill him.

As the investigation continued the police were able to link Eton and Sergei to the drug smuggling operation. When police began tracking containers as they left the port, The Greek and Vondas began to close down the operation temporarily by dumping their cell phones and stealing "clean" containers. Persuading Sobotka to keep the smuggling operation going he bought further protection from Agent Koutris by betraying a load of Colombian cocaine, giving him time to destroy incriminating evidence in the warehouse and Glekas' store.

The Greek recognized that the investigation was too extensive to stop and made plans to leave, sending Vondas to assure Proposition Joe that supply of drugs would continue albeit with new faces. He attempted to buy Sobotka's silence with promised legal aid for his son, but when he learned from Koutris that Frank was planning to turn informant he had the union man killed. Although Frank's nephew Nick Sobotka was able to identify The Greek in a photo and Sergei was pressured to give up the location of his hotel suite, Vondas and the Greek had already boarded a flight to Chicago. Aware that the Greek and Vondas were gone, the police left the investigation behind and moved on to the drug dealers he supplied.

Seasons 4 & 5[link]

The Greek continued to supply "Proposition Joe" Stewart, who formed an organization with other drug dealers called the New Day Co-Op to provide The Greek's product to them in exchange for reduced violence and sharing of territory. When Omar Little steals an entire shipment of heroin from the Greek's men as it is being delivered to Stewart's people, Marlo Stanfield demands a meeting with Spiros "Vondas" Vondopoulos in order to allay his fears that Stewart was responsible.^[3][4] Once Stanfield is satisfied, he waits for the Major Crimes Unit's investigation into his activities to cease and then moves to establish a direct relationship with Vondas and the Greek. After getting in communication with Vondas through former soldier Sergei,^[5][6] Marlo eventually sells himself as Joe's replacement by convincing the Greek that he requires an insurance policy in the form of a replacement for Proposition Joe, in the event that anything should happen to him. Realizing that Stanfield will move against Stewart regardless of his approval, the Greek accepts Marlo's proposal to act as an "insurance policy," knowing that it will mean Joe's death.^[7][8]

After Stewart's murder, Stanfield meets with Vondas to initiate their new business relationship.^[9][10] Stanfield's tenure proves short lived when he is forced into retirement by an investigation, and the other Co-Op members purchase the connection from Stanfield. In the closing scenes of the series finale, Slim Charles and Fat-Face Rick take over meeting with Vondas while the Greek listens quietly in the background.^[11][12]

References[link]