- published: 24 Oct 2014
- views: 50625
What is Art? (Russian: Что такое искусство? Chto takoye iskusstvo?) is a book by Leo Tolstoy. It was completed in Russian in 1897 but first published in English due to difficulties with the Russian censors.
Tolstoy cites the time, effort, public funds, and public respect spent on art and artists as well as the imprecision of general opinions on art as reason for writing the book. In his words, "it is difficult to say what is meant by art, and especially what is good, useful art, art for the sake of which we might condone such sacrifices as are being offered at its shrine".
Throughout the book Tolstoy demonstrates an "unremitting moralism", evaluating artworks in light of his radical Christian ethics, and displaying a willingness to dismiss accepted masters, including Wagner,Shakespeare, and Dante, as well as the bulk of his own writings.
Having rejected the use of beauty in definitions of art (see aesthetic theory), Tolstoy conceptualises art as anything that communicates emotion: "Art begins when a man, with the purpose of communicating to other people a feeling he once experienced, calls it up again within himself and expresses it by certain external signs".
Alain de Botton, FRSL (/dəˈbɒtən/; born 20 December 1969) is a Swiss-born, British-based philosopher, writer, and television presenter. His books and television programmes discuss various contemporary subjects and themes, emphasizing philosophy's relevance to everyday life. At 23, he published Essays in Love (1993), which went on to sell two million copies. Other bestsellers include How Proust Can Change Your Life (1997), Status Anxiety (2004) and The Architecture of Happiness (2006).
He co-founded The School of Life in 2008 and later that year was appointed an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).
He co-founded Living Architecture in 2009, and in 2015 was awarded "The Fellowship of Schopenhauer", an annual writers award from the Melbourne Writers Festival, for this work.
In 2011, de Botton was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL).
He was born in Zurich, the son of Jacqueline (née Burgauer) and Gilbert de Botton, who was born in Alexandria, Egypt and expelled (along with the rest of the Jewish community) under Nasser. Gilbert went to live and work in Switzerland, where he co-founded an investment firm, Global Asset Management; his family was estimated to have been worth £234 million in 1999. De Botton's Swiss-born mother was Ashkenazi, and his father was from a Sephardic Jewish family from the town of Boton in Castile and León.
I don't love, I don't give, I don't care' cause
I've already been there
I don't want, I don't need, I don't take,
'cause I had it all
I don't guess, I just know, what this is,
is a place to die from
I am not what you see, you are real but not for real
I'm not scared, I'm not high, I'm a man
and I'm all right
We are here, we are gone, and the rest are
left to wonder
What is life, in the hand of illusion, what is life
to a man in confusion
What is right, for a life that is losin', what is time,
what is, what is, what is?
Take look, open up, look inside, what is there
In your heart, in your mind, in your soul
there's the answer
Why you want, why you need, the side effects of
what you see
What is life, in the hand of illusion
What is life, to a man in confusion
What is right for a life that is losin', what is time,
what is, what is, what is?
I don't pay, I just know what this is,