خرائط الاميرال بيري رايس الدولة العثمانية

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• published: 29 Jan 2012
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خرائط الاميرال بيري رايس الدولة العثمانية Piri Reis Piri Reis (full name Hadji Muhiddin Piri Ibn Hadji Mehmed, Reis (Rais, Captain) (1465--1554) was an Ottoman-Turkish Kaptan (Captain), geographer and cartographer born between 1465 and 1470 in Gallipoli on the Aegean coast of Turkey. He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-ý Bahriye (Book of Navigation), a book which contains detailed information on navigation as well as extremely accurate charts describing the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea. He gained fame as a cartographer when a small part of his first world map (prepared in 1513) was discovered in 1929 at Topkapý Palace in Istanbul. The most surprising aspect was the presence of the Americas on an Ottoman map, making it the oldest known Turkish map showing the New World. Kitab-ý Bahriye (Book of Navigation): 1521 and 1525 Kitab-ý Bahriye is one of the most famous premodern books of navigation. The book contains detailed information on the major ports, bays, gulfs, capes, peninsulas, islands, straits and ideal shelters of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as techniques of navigation and navigation-related information on astronomy. The book also contains information about the local people of each country and city, and the curious aspects of their culture. Kitab-ý Bahriye was originally written between 1511 and 1521, but it was revised with additional information and better-crafted charts between 1524 and 1525 in order to be presented as a gift to Suleiman the Magnificent. Piri Reis drew these charts during his travels around the Mediterranean Sea with his uncle Kemal Reis. The revised edition of 1525 has a total of 434 pages and contains 290 maps. Kitab-ý Bahriye has two main sections, with the first section dedicated to information about the types of storms, techniques of using a compass, portolan charts with detailed information on ports and coastlines, methods of finding direction using the stars, characteristics of the major oceans and the lands around them. The second section is entirely composed of portolan charts and cruise guides. Each topic contains the map of an island or coastline. In the first book (1521), this section has a total of 132 portolan charts, while the second book (1525) has a total of 210 portolan charts. The second section starts with the description of the Dardanelles Strait and continues with the islands and coastlines of the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea, the French Riviera, the Balearic Islands, the coasts of Spain, the Strait of Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the coasts of North Africa, Egypt and the River Nile, the Levant and the coastline of Anatolia. This section also includes descriptions and drawings of the famous monuments and buildings in every city, as well as biographic information about Piri Reis who also explains the reasons why he preferred to collect these charts in a book instead of drawing a single map, which would not be able to contain so much information and detail. Copies of the Kitab-ý Bahriye are found in many libraries and museums around the world. Copies of the first edition (1521) are found in the Topkapý Palace, the Nuruosmaniye Library and the Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul, the Library of the University of Bologna, the National Library of Vienna, the State Library of Dresden, the National Library of France in Paris, the British Museum in London, the Bodleian Library in Oxford and the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. Copies of the second edition (1525) are found in the Topkapý Palace, the Köprülüzade Fazýl Ahmed Paþa Library, the Süleymaniye Library and the National Library of France.